The literature on the Broadway musical is a rapidly growing commodity. As a burgeoning area of scholarship among music, theater, and literary scholars, many specialist studies are now appearing, in addition to the general surveys, photographic essays, and laudatory tributes to the genre and its most distinguished practitioners.
This bibliography is divided into 15 sections: Annotated Bibliographies; Chronologies; Dictionaries and Encyclopedias; Histories, Surveys, and Critical Studies; Gender Studies and Homosexuality; Race and Ethnic Studies; Business and Commercial Studies; Genres; Individual Works; Individual Composers; Lyricists and Librettists; Other Creators; Individual Performers; DVD Anthologies; and Internet Resources.
The most important chronologies are Gerald Bordman’s extensive American Musical Theatre: A Chronology, which is replete with details and contexts for shows, and Stanley Green’s Broadway Musicals Show by Show, which includes half-page or full-page entries on the most important shows, most with photographs.
For histories and surveys, Cecil Smith’s Musical Comedy in America and Stanley Green’s The World of Musical Comedy, though dated, provide valuable information and insights on the Broadway musical during the late 19th and early to mid-20th centuries. Alan Jay Lerner’s The American Musical: A Celebration offers a creator’s view of the genre, while Kurt Gänzl’s The Musical and Andrew Lamb’s 150 Years of Popular Musical Theatre place the Broadway musical in the larger context of popular musical theater. Geoffrey Block’s Enchanted Evenings: The Broadway Musical from “Show Boat” to Sondheim remains the benchmark for musicological studies on the genre, and Raymond Knapp’s two books, The American Musical and the Formation of National Identity and The American Musical and the Performance of Personal Identity, offer thematic approaches to the genre. In these volumes, Knapp discusses specific shows that reflect particular historical, sociological, or psychological topics. Ethan Mordden, in his seven-volume decade-by-decade survey, provides extremely subjective commentary on the state of the Broadway musical from the 1920s to the end of the 20th century. This same wit is found in his single-volume history Anything Goes: A History of American Musical Theatre. Michael Kantor and Laurence Maslon’s Broadway: The American Musical, a companion book to the acclaimed six-part PBS series, is replete with lavish illustrations, as is The Shuberts Present, a book written by the staff of the Shubert Archive. Larry Stempel’s 685-page Showtime: A History of the Broadway Musical Theater is an important tour de force epic narrative of the genre sure to please scholars, students, and musical theater fans.
A recent development in musical theater scholarship concerns biographies of musicals. These are scholarly monographs that detail the genesis, production history, thematic content (sometimes with musical-dramatic analyses), and reception history of major musicals. Bruce D. Mcclung’s “Lady in the Dark”: A Biography of a Musical was one of the first to appear in 2007. Many titles in Oxford University Press’s Broadway Legacies series focus on a particular show, including Dominic McHugh’s Loverly: The Life & Times of “My Fair Lady” and Todd Decker’s “Show Boat”: Performing Race in an American Musical. For most recent successful shows, lavishly illustrated coffee-table books, filled with production photos, short essays, and often the complete libretto, are nearly obligatory. These are not included in this inventory since they can be found as easily as vocal selections and cast recordings for many productions.
Biographies on people associated with the Broadway musical are plentiful; some focus on the lives of the subjects, others on their art. Titles in the Yale Broadway Masters series, published by Yale University Press between 2003 and 2011, focus on works by important Broadway composers and are intended for a musically literate audience as well as a general readership. The series included books on Richard Rodgers (by Geoffrey Block), Andrew Lloyd Webber (by John Snelson), Jerome Kern (by Stephen Banfield), Sigmund Romberg (by William A. Everett), Frank Loesser (by Thomas L. Riis), Kander and Ebb (by James Leve), and George Gershwin (by Larry Starr). Additional titles have appeared in Oxford University Press’s Oxford Broadway Legacies series. Many people connected to Broadway have written autobiographies, including Moss Hart (Act One), Arthur Laurents (Original Story by Arthur Laurents), Alan Jay Lerner (The Street Where I Live), Mary Martin (My Heart Belongs), and Richard Rodgers (Musical Stages). An especially laudatory work concerning a composer’s own words is Mark Eden Horowitz’s Conversations with Sondheim, which consists of transcripts of interviews with Stephen Sondheim. As additional sources of biographical information, Oxford University Press has published collections of source readings regarding Broadway composers in their Readers on American Composers series, including The Richard Rodgers Reader (edited by Geoffrey Block), The George Gershwin Reader (edited by Robert Wyatt and John Andrew Johnson), and The Irving Berlin Reader (edited by Benjamin Sears).
Video material related to the Broadway musical is becoming increasingly available. Particularly noteworthy is the six-episode Broadway: The American Musical, broadcast on PBS and available in a three-disc set that includes archival material not included in the broadcast. The three volumes of Broadway’s Lost Treasures include scenes from musicals shown on the annual Tony Awards broadcasts. Most excerpts feature original cast members.
An increasing number of peer-reviewed academic journals are including articles on musical theater topics. Such articles can be found most easily through electronic subscription databases, such as JSTOR, International Index to Music Periodicals (IIMP), Music Index, and RILM Abstracts of Music Literature. Studies in Musical Theatre, published by Intellect since 2007, is the only academic journal expressly dedicated to musical theater topics.
Of the current Internet resources for the Broadway musical, the Internet Broadway Data Base (http://www.ibdb.com) allows researchers to find listings of runs of shows, cast and crew, and awards. The “Advanced Search” feature allows access to multiple lists, including long-running shows. Musicals101.com boasts a variety of information on the American musical theater and contains both encyclopedic entries and prose essays.
Primary source material for the study of the Broadway musical exists in libraries and archives throughout the world. Among the most important repositories in the United States are the Library of Congress, the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts (Lincoln Center, especially the Billy Rose Theatre Collection), the Museum of the City of New York, the Shubert Archive, and the Harvard Theatre Collection.
Not included in this list are the numerous recordings of Broadway musicals. These can take the form of original cast recordings, studio recordings, and “hits” albums by singers whose focus includes musical theater (Julie Andrews, Kristin Chenoweth, Audra McDonald, Brian Stokes Mitchell), pop styles (Harry Connick Jr., Barbra Streisand), or opera (Thomas Hampson, Jerry Hadley, Kiri Te Kanawa, Dawn Upshaw). Many musicals are also available in video versions based on stage productions (as opposed to true Hollywood film adaptations). Among these are Oklahoma! (starring Hugh Jackman) and Kiss Me, Kate (with Brent Barrett and Rachel York), as well as many shows by Stephen Sondheim (Sweeney Todd, Sunday in the Park with George, Into the Woods, Passion). Several Andrew Lloyd Webber shows, including Cats, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, and Jesus Christ Superstar, have appeared in made-for-video productions. Furthermore, several concert versions of Broadway musicals are also available on DVD, including performances of Les Misérables, Sweeney Todd, Candide, and South Pacific.
Everett, William. The Musical: A Research and Information Guide. New York: Routledge, 2004. 2nd ed., New York: Routledge, 2011.
Wildbihler, Hubert, and Sonja Völkline. The Musical: An International Annotated Bibliography. Munich: K. G. Saur, 1986.
Bordman, Gerald, with updates by Richard Norton. American Musical Theatre: A Chronicle. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Brown, Gene. Show Time: A Chronology of Broadway and the Theatre from Its Beginnings to the Present. New York: Macmillan, 1997.
Green, Stanley. Broadway Musicals Show by Show. 8th ed. Revised and updated by Cary Ginell. Milwaukee, WI: Applause Books, an imprint of Hal Leonard, 2014.
Norton, Richard C. A Chronology of American Musical Theater. 3 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Bloom, Ken. American Song: The Complete Musical Theatre Companion, 1900–1984. 2nd ed. 2 vols. New York: Schirmer, 1996.
———. Broadway: Its History, People, and Places: An Encyclopedia. London: Routledge, 2003.
———. The Routledge Guide to Broadway. London: Routledge, 2006.
Bunnett, Rexton S., Michael Patrick Kennedy, and John Muir. Guide to Musicals. Glasgow: HarperCollins, 2001.
Cullen, Frank. Vaudeville, Old and New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers. 2 vols. London: Routledge, 2006.
Gänzl, Kurt. The Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre. 2nd ed. 3 vols. New York: Schirmer, 2001.
Green, Stanley. Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1976.
Hischak, Thomas. The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: Theatre, Film, and Television. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Larkin, Colin, ed. The Guinness Who’s Who of Stage Musicals. Enfield: Guinness, 1994.
Larkin, Colin, and John Martland, eds. The Virgin Encyclopedia of Stage and Film Musicals. London: Virgin, 1999.
Suskin, Steven. More Opening Nights on Broadway: A Critical Quotebook of the Musical Theatre 1965 through 1981. New York: Schirmer, 1997.
———. Opening Night on Broadway: A Critical Quotebook of the Golden Era of the Musical Theatre, “Oklahoma!” (1943) to “Fiddler on the Roof” (1964). New York: Schirmer, 1990.
———. Show Tunes: The Songs, Shows, and Careers of Broadway’s Major Composers. Revised and expanded 3rd ed. Foreword by Michael Feinstein. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Alpert, Hollis. Broadway! 125 Years of Musical Theatre. New York: Arcade, 1991.
Banfield, Stephen. “Popular Song and Popular Music on Stage and Film.” In The Cambridge History of American Music, edited by David Nicholls, 309–44. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
BBC Music Magazine. Special Issue: The Golden Age of Musicals, 1999.
Bernstein, Leonard. “American Musical Comedy.” In The Joy of Music, 152–79. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1959. Reprint, New York: Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1994, 164–91.
Block, Geoffrey. “The Broadway Canon from Show Boat to West Side Story and the European Operatic Ideal.” Journal of Musicology 11 (1993): 525–44.
———. Enchanted Evenings: The Broadway Musical from “Show Boat” to Sondheim. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Botto, Louis. At This Theatre: 100 Years of Broadway Shows, Stories and Stars. Edited by Robert Viagas. New York: Applause and Playbill, 2002.
Bowers, Dwight Blocker. American Musical Theater: Shows, Songs, and Stars. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Collection of Recordings, 1989.
Bradley, Ian. You’ve Got to Have a Dream: The Message of the Musical. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2005.
Brantley, Ben, ed. The New York Times Book of Broadway. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2001.
Bryer, Jackson R., and Richard A. Davison, eds. The Art of the American Musical: Conversations with the Creators. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005.
Clark, John R., and William E. Morris. “Scherzo, Forte, and Bravura: Satire in America’s Musical Theatre.” Journal of Popular Culture 12, no. 3 (1978): 459–81.
Deer, Joe, and Rocco Dal Vera. Foreword by Lynn Ahrens. Acting in Musical Theatre: A Comprehensive Course. New York: Routledge, 2008.
Engel, Lehman. The American Musical Theater: A Consideration. New York: CBS Legacy Collection, Macmillan, 1967. Revised ed., New York: Macmillan, 1975.
———. Words with Music: Creating the Broadway Musical Libretto. Updated and revised by Howard Kissel. New York: Applause, 2006.
Everett, William A., and Paul R. Laird, eds. The Cambridge Companion to the Musical. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 2nd ed., 2008.
Filichia, Peter. Strippers, Showgirls, and Sharks: A Very Opinionated History of the Broadway Musicals That Did Not Win the Tony Award. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2013.
Flinn, Denny Martin. Musical! A Grand Tour. New York: Schirmer, 1997.
Frommer, Myrna Katz, and Harvey Frommer. It Happened on Broadway: An Oral History of the Great White Way. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1998.
Furia, Philip, and Michael Lasser. America’s Songs: The Stories behind the Songs of Broadway, Hollywood, and Tin Pan Alley. London: Routledge, 2006.
Gänzl, Kurt. The Musical: A Concise History. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1997.
Gottfried, Martin. Broadway Musicals. New York: Abradale/Abrams, 1979.
———. More Broadway Musicals: Since 1980. New York: Abrams, 1991.
Grant, Mark N. The Rise and Fall of the Broadway Musical. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2004.
Green, Stanley. The World of Musical Comedy. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1960. Revised and enlarged 4th ed., San Diego, CA: A. S. Barnes, 1980. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, n.d.
Henderson, Amy, and Dwight Blocker Bowers. Red Hot & Blue: A Smithsonian Salute to the American Musical. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1986.
Hirst, David. “The American Musical and the American Dream: From Show Boat to Sondheim.” New Theatre Quarterly 1, no. 1 (February 1985): 24–38.
Hischak, Thomas S. Through the Screen Door: What Happened to the Broadway Musical When It Went to Hollywood. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2004.
Hurwitz, Nathan. A History of the American Musical Theatre: No Business Like It. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Jones, John Bush. Our Musicals, Ourselves: A Social History of the American Musical Theatre. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, 2003.
Kantor, Michael, and Laurence Maslon. Broadway: The American Musical. New York: Bulfinch, 2004. Updated and revised ed., New York: Applause Books, an imprint of Hal Leonard, 2010.
Kasha, Al, and Joel Hirschhorn. Notes on Broadway: Conversations with the Great Songwriters. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1985.
Kenrick, John. Musical Theatre: A History. New York: Continuum, 2008.
Kirle, Bruce. Unfinished Show Business: Broadway Musicals as Works-in-Process. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2005.
Kislan, Richard. The Musical: A Look at the American Musical Theatre. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1980. Revised ed., New York: Applause, 2000.
Knapp, Raymond. The American Musical and the Formation of National Identity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004.
———. The American Musical and the Performance of Personal Identity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Knapp, Raymond, Mitchell Morris, and Stacy Wolf, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the American Musical. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
LaChiusa, Michael John. “Genre Confusion.” Opera News, August 2002, 12–15, 73.
Lamb, Andrew. “From Pinafore to Porter: United States–United Kingdom Interactions in Musical Theater, 1879–1929.” American Music 4, no. 1 (1986): 34–49.
———. 150 Years of Popular Musical Theatre. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.
Lawson-Peebles, Robert, ed. Approaches to the American Musical. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1996.
Lerner, Alan Jay. The Musical Theatre: A Celebration. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1989.
Lewis, David H. Broadway Musicals: A Hundred Year History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2002.
Loney, Glenn, ed. Musical Theatre in America: Papers and Proceedings of the Conference on the Musical Theatre in America. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1984.
Mandelbaum, Ken. Not since Carrie: 40 Years of Broadway Musical Flops. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991.
Mast, Gerald. Can’t Help Singin’: The American Musical on Stage and Screen. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1987.
McMillin, Scott. The Musical as Drama: A Study of the Principles and Conventions behind Musical Shows from Kern to Sondheim. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Miller, Scott. Deconstructing Harold Hill: An Insider’s Guide to Musical Theatre. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000.
———. From “Assassins” to “West Side Story”: The Director’s Guide to Musical Theatre. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1996.
———. Rebels with Applause: Broadway’s Groundbreaking Musicals. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2001.
———. Strike Up the Band: A New History of Musical Theatre. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2007.
Mordden, Ethan. Anything Goes: A History of American Musical Theatre. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
———. Beautiful Mornin’: The Broadway Musical in the 1940s. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
———. Better Foot Forward: The History of the American Musical Theatre. New York: Grossman, 1976.
———. Broadway Babies: The People Who Made the American Musical. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
———. Coming Up Roses: The Broadway Musical in the 1950s. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
———. Make Believe: The Broadway Musical in the 1920s. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
———. One More Kiss: The Broadway Musical in the 1970s. New York: Palgrave, 2003.
———. Open a New Window: The Broadway Musical in the 1960s. New York: Palgrave, 2001.
———. Sing for Your Supper: The Broadway Musical in the 1930s. New York: Palgrave, 2005.
Morrison, William. Broadway Theatres: History and Architecture. Mineola, NY: Dover, 1999.
Patinkin, Sheldon. “No Legs, No Jokes, No Chance”: A History of the American Musical Theater. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2008.
Portantiere, Michael, ed. Foreword by Jerry Herman. The Theater Mania Guide to Musical Theater Recordings. New York: Back Stage Books, 2004.
Sennett, Ted. Song and Dance: The Musicals of Broadway. New York: Metrobooks, 1998.
Shubert Archive (Maryann Chach, Reagan Fletcher, Mark E. Swartz, and Sylvia Wang). The Shuberts Present: 100 Years of American Theater. New York: Abrams, in association with the Shubert Organization, Inc., 2001.
Singer, Barry. Ever After: The Last Years of Musical Theater and Beyond. New York: Applause, 2004.
Smith, Cecil. Musical Comedy in America. New York: Theatre Arts Books, 1950.
Smith, Cecil, and Glenn Litton. Musical Comedy in America. 2nd ed. New York: Theatre Arts Books, 1981.
Sondheim, Stephen. “The Musical Theater.” Dramatists Guild Quarterly 15, no. 3 (1978): 6–29.
Stempel, Larry. “The Musical Play Expands.” American Music 10, no. 2 (1992): 136–69.
———. Showtime: A History of the Broadway Musical Theater. New York: Norton, 2010.
Steyn, Mark. Broadway Babies Say Goodnight: Musicals Then & Now. New York: Routledge, 1999.
Suskin, Steven. Second Act Trouble: Behind the Scenes at Broadway’s Big Musical Bombs. New York: Applause, 2006.
Swain, Joseph P. The Broadway Musical: A Critical and Musical Survey. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Revised and expanded 2nd ed., Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2002.
Symonds, Dominic, and Millie Taylor, eds. Gestures of Music Theater: The Performativity of Song and Dance. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Taylor, Millie. Musical Theatre, Realism and Entertainment. Ashgate Interdisciplinary Studies in Opera. Farnham: Ashgate, 2012.
Taylor, Millie, and Dominic Symonds. Studying Musical Theatre: Theory and Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
Verdino-Süllwold, Carla Maria. “Opera, Operetta, or Musical? Vanishing Distinctions in 20th-Century Musical Drama.” Opera Journal 23, no. 4 (1990): 31–43.
Wilk, Max. They’re Playing Our Song: From Jerome Kern to Stephen Sondheim—the Stories behind the Words and Music of Two Generations. New York: Atheneum, 1973.
Wollman, Elizabeth L. Hard Times: The Adult Musical in 1970s New York City. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Clum, John M. Something for the Boys: Musical Theater and Gay Culture. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.
Feder-Kane, Abigail Miriam. “‘Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better’: Transgressive Gender Role Performance in Musical Theater and Film, 1930–1950.” PhD diss., Northwestern University, 1999.
Miller, D. A. A Place for Us [Essay on the Broadway Musical]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Shapiro, Eddie. Nothing Like a Dame: Conversations with the Great Women of Musical Theater. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Vincentelli, Elisabeth. “The Queen and I: True Confessions of a Lesbian Lover of Show Tunes.” Village Voice 41, no. 37 (10 September 1996): 45, 50, 56.
Wolf, Stacy. A Problem Like Maria: Gender and Sexuality in the American Musical. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.
———. Changed for Good: A Feminist History of the Broadway Musical. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Gottlieb, Jack. Funny, It Doesn’t Sound Jewish: How Yiddish Songs and Synagogue Melodies Influenced Tin Pan Alley, Broadway, and Hollywood. Albany: State University of New York Press, in association with the Library of Congress, 2004.
Hecht, Stuart. Transposing Broadway: Jews, Assimilation, and the American Musical. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Hoffman, Warren. The Great White Way: Race and the Broadway Musical. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2014.
Most, Andrea. Making Americans: Jews and the Broadway Musical. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Adler, Steven. On Broadway: Art and Commerce on the Great White Way. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2004.
Rosenberg, Bernard, and Ernest Harburg. The Broadway Musical: Collaboration in Commerce and Art. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
Wollman, Elizabeth L. “The Economic Development of the ‘New’ Times Square and Its Impact on the American Musical.” American Music 20, no. 2 (Winter 2002): 445–65.
Graziano, John. “Black Musical Theater and the Harlem Renaissance Movement.” In Black Music in the Harlem Renaissance: A Collection of Essays, edited by Samuel A. Floyd Jr., 87–100. New York: Greenwood, 1990.
Peterson, Bernard L., Jr. A Century of Musicals in Black and White: An Encyclopedia of Musical Stage Works by, about, or involving African Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993.
Riis, Thomas L. Just before Jazz: Black Musical Theater in New York, 1890–1915. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.
———. More Than Just Minstrel Shows: The Rise of Black Musical Theatre at the Turn of the Century. Brooklyn, NY: Institute for Studies in American Music, 1992.
Woll, Allen L. Black Musical Theatre: From “Coontown” to “Dreamgirls.” Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
———. Dictionary of the Black Theatre: Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Selected Harlem Theatres. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1983.
Sternfeld, Jessica. The Megamusical. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.
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Wollman, Elizabeth L. The Theater Will Rock: A History of the Rock Musical, From “Hair” to “Hedwig.” Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006.
Isenberg, Barbara. Tradition! The Highly Improbable, Ultimately Triumphant Broadway-to-Hollywood Story of “Fiddler on the Roof,” the World’s Most Beloved Musical. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2014.
Solomon, Alisa. Wonder of Wonders: A Cultural History of “Fiddler on the Roof.” New York: Picador, 2013.
Mcclung, Bruce D. “Lady in the Dark”: Biography of a Musical. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
McHugh, Dominic. Loverly: The Life & Times of “My Fair Lady.” Oxford Broadway Legacies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Carter, Tim. “Oklahoma! The Making of an American Musical. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007.
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Oja, Carol J. Bernstein Meets Broadway: Collaborative Art in a Time of War. Oxford Broadway Legacies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. (Also includes discussions of “The Revuers,” which featured Betty Comden and Adolph Green, and Leonard Bernstein and Jerome Robbins’s ballet Fancy Free.)
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Decker, Todd. “Show Boat”: Performing Race in an American Musical. Oxford Broadway Legacies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
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———. Irving Berlin’s American Musical Theater. Oxford Broadway Legacies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
———. “Irving Berlin’s ‘Blue Skies’: Ethnic Affiliations and Musical Transformations.” Musical Quarterly 84, no. 4 (2000): 537–80.
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