Abbasid caliphate; aesthetics of; coins of; eastern orientation of
Abivard
Achaemenid empire
Adab al-imlaʿ waʿl-istimlaʿ (al-Samʿani)
aesthetics, dueling
Afghanistan
al-Afshin
agriculture: and climate change; cotton vs. grain in; in history; in Iraq; and Islam; in pre-Islamic Iran; Sasanid; Seljuq; summer crops in; taxation of; and trade. See also cotton; grain
Algeria
Ali, caliph
Anas, Malik b.
Anatolia; camels in; climate change in; migration to; Oghuz in; Persian language in; and Siberian High
Arab conquest; and camels; and conversion; and cotton production; and culture; and land ownership; and language; and trade; and urbanization
Arab culture
Arabic language;fulanabad names in; literature in; vs. Persian language; place-names in
Arabic script; on pottery; on tiraz fabric
Arabs: camels of; clothing of; and cotton; in Iran; names of. See also Muslims
Armenia
Ashraf, Ahmad
Ashtor, Eliyahu
Australia
Bactria
Baghdad; cold weather in; and cotton; eastern orientation of; modern weather in; and silk
Bahram Gur, Shah
Baker, Patricia L.
Baliunas, Sallie
Balkh
Barthold, Wilhelm
Basra
Bayhaqi, Abu al-Fazl
bazzaz (dealer in cotton cloth)
Bengal, east
Big Chill; and cotton; and Islam; Mongolian tree-ring evidence for; recovery from; and Siberian High; and social unrest, . See also climate change
biographical dictionaries (tabaqat); occupational names in; Sunnis vs. Shiʿites in
boneh (work team) system; alternate terms for
Braudel, Fernand
Buddhism
Bukhara; and camels; and cotton; Oghuz in
al-Bukhari
burial customs
Buyid dynasty
Byzantine empire
Caetani, Leone
camel herders (sarbanan)
camels; Arvana breed of; and climate; hybrid; images of; in Iran; for military; and Oghuz; one-vs. two-humped; and trade; Turkoman breed of
Carlyle, Thomas
Central Asia; camels in; climate change in; and cotton; irrigation in; migration from; Sunnis in; trade with
Chaghri (Seljuq chieftain)
China; and climate change; silk from; trade with
Christians; Nestorian
circumcision
climate change; and agriculture; and camels; in Europe; and factionalism; and famine; as historical determinant; in Iran; and Ismaʿili movement; and language; and longue durée; and Mediterranean region; and migration, . See also Big Chill
clothing: Arabic; colors of; cotton; dual aesthetics in; Sasanid; sumptuary laws for
Cohen, Hayyim J.
coinage
conversion to Islam; and agricultural development; and clothing; and cotton; and dueling aesthetics; insincere; and names; of Oghuz; rate of; and taxes; and urbanization
Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period (Bulliet)
cotton; boom in production of; and climate change; in clothing; and conversion to Islam; dealers in; decline of; Egyptian; as export; vs. grain; growers of; history of; Indian; irrigation of; and Islam; and Islamic elite; and language; and leather industry; in new villages; as summer crop; taxes on; trade in
Curzon, Lord
Dandanqan, Battle of
al-Dhahabi
Dihistan
Drechsler, Andreas
drought
Eaton, Richard
economy: and climate change; dual agricultural; evidence for; as historical determinant; Iranian; Islamic; and trade. See also agriculture; cotton; pastoral nomadism; trade
Egypt; Arab conquest in; and cotton; and Iran; linen from; Muslim scholars from; names in
elite: clothing of; and dueling aesthetics; languages of; migration of; Muslim; Muslim vs. non-Muslim; non-Arab; rural land-owning (dihqans); Sasanid; and silk
elite, religious (ulama): biographies of; and cotton; and factionalism; and leather industry; migration of; occupational names of; in Seljuq period; and textiles
embroidery
England
environmental determinism
Estonia
Eurasian steppe
Europe; climate change in
export trade; in cotton
factionalism; and climate change; Shiʿite vs. Sunni
famine; and climate change
Farava
Farhang-i Jughrafi yai-i Iran
al-Farisi, ʿAbd al-Ghafir
Fars
Fatimid dynasty
felt
Ferghana
Findley, Carter
Frye, Richard N.
fulanabad village names; in Arabic; and Islam; in Persian; and qanats; in tax records
fulanjird village names
furs
al-Fuwati, Ibn
Gellens, Sam Isaac
Genghiz Khan
La géographie humaine du monde musulman jusqu’au milieu du IIe siècle (Miquel)
al-Ghazali
Ghaznavid dynasty. See also Mahmud, Sultan of Ghazna
Gibb, H. A. R.
Gladwell, Malcolm
global warming
gold; prohibitions against
Golden, Peter
The Golden Age of Persia: The Arabs in the East (Frye)
Gonzalez de Clavijo, Ruy
Gorgan; camels in
grain; vs. cotton; irrigation of; taxes on
hadith (sayings of the Prophet); on silk
al-Hakim al-Naisaburi
Hamadan
Hegel, Georg Friedrich
hemp
Hepthalites (White Huns)
Hinduism
Hodgson, Marshall G. S.
horses
Ibn al-Athir
Ibn al-ʿImad
Ibn Fadlan, Ahmad
Ibn Funduq
Ibn Hawqal
Iceland
Ilkhan state
India; and cotton; fulanabad place-names in; migration to; Mughal Empire in; Persian language in
Indo-Iranians
Indonesia
Iran; in world history
Iranian languages. See also Persian language
Iraq; Arab conquest in; conversion to Islam in; and cotton; vs. Iran; Muslim scholars from
irrigation; in Central Asia; conversion to; of cotton; of grain; in history; and land ownership; and taxes; types of. See also qanats
Isfahan; cotton in
al-Isfahani, Hamza
Islam: and agricultural development; and climate change; and cotton; factionalism in; and fulanabad village names; in Iran; and land ownership; language of; Shiʿites vs. Sunnis in; and silk; sumptuary laws in; and urbanization. See also conversion to Islam; elite, religious
Islam: The View from the Edge (Bulliet)
Islamic Textiles (Baker)
al-Ismaʿili, Abu Saʿd
Ismaʿili movement
al-Jahiz, ʿAmr b. Bahr
al-Jawzi, Ibn
Jews; Khazar
al-Kamil fiʿl-Taʿrikh (Ibn al-Athir)
al-Karaji
Karakum Desert; camels in; migration across; and Oghuz; raids across
karbas (cotton canvas)
Kazakhstan
Khotan
Khurasan; camels in; cold weather in; cotton in; famine in; land development in; Oghuz migration to; place-names in; Seljuqs in; urbanization in
Khusraw, Amir
Khwarazm; camels in; Oghuz in; and Silk Road
Khwarazmashahs
Khwarazmian period
Kitab al-Buldan (Book of Lands; al-Yaʿqubi)
Kitab al-Hayawan (Book of Animals; al-Jahiz)
Kitab al-Siyaq li Taʿrikh Naisabur (al-Farisi)
Kitab-i Yamini (al-ʿUtbi)
Kizilkum Desert
Kufa
Kushan dynasty
Lambton, A.K.S.
land ownership: and cotton; investment in; and Islamic law; Muslim; and qanats; in Qom; rural; and Seljuq land policies; by ulama; and urbanization; and village founding
language: and Arab conquest; and climate change; and cotton; and place-names. See also Arabic language; Persian language
leather goods
linen; Egyptian
Little Ice Age
Liu, Xinru
longue durée
madrasas
Mahmud, Sultan of Ghazna; coins of; and Oghuz
Mamluks, Egyptian
Manchus
Manzikert, Battle of
Marv; camels in; cotton in
Masʿud, Sultan
Mazaheri, Aly
mazraʿeh (cultivated field)
Mazzaoui, Maureen Fennell
Mecca
Medieval Warm Period
Medina
Mediterranean region
Mesopotamia: and camels; climate change in; and Iran; urbanization in
migration: and camels; from Central Asia; and climate change; of elite; across Karakum Desert; and language; Oghuz; and pastoral nomadism; political causes of; rural-urban; second Oghuz; southward; from Yemen
Miles, George C.
military; camels for; and Oghuz migration; Seljuq
military garrisons
Miquel, André
Mongolia, climate data from
Mongol invasion
Morocco
Morony, Michael
Mughal Empire
Muhammad. See also hadith
mulham (cotton and silk textile)
Al-Muntazam fi Taʿrikh al-Muluk waʿl-Umam (al-Jawzi)
al-Muqtadir, Caliph
Muslims; clothing of; elite; land ownership by; names of; vs. non-Muslims; as religious scholars; and silk. See also elite, religious; Islam
Mustawfi, Hamd-Allah
al-Muʿtasim, caliph
Al-Muwattaʿ (hadith collection; Malik b. Anas)
names: Arab; Biblical; and conversion to Islam; Muslim. See also fulanabad village names; place-names
names, occupational; and cotton; of religious elite
Nasa
Newfoundland
Nishapur; biographies for; cold weather in; cotton in; famine in; growth of; names in; pottery from; village names near
nomads. See pastoral nomadism
The Numismatic History of Rayy (Miles)
Oghuz (Ghuzz) Turkomans; as camel herders; conversion of; migrations of; second migration of
Oman
Omar, caliph
On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History (Carlyle)
opium poppies
Ostan-e Markazi
Ottoman empire
Pact of ʿUmar
Pakistan
Palestine
Parthian empire
pastoral nomadism; in Iran; and migrations
Persian language, vs. Arabic language; literature in; New; and place-names
piedmont region; cotton in; irrigation in; land ownership in; Oghuz migration to
piedmont region- : Oghuz migration to
place-names; Arabic; bagh-(garden); sahraʿ-(desert); in tax schedules. See also fulanabad village names
Polybius
population: decline of; growth of
pottery; dueling aesthetics in
qanats (underground canals), and Arabic place-names; and cotton; engineering of; and fulanabad village names; and land ownership; in modern times; and new villages; in Sasanid period; and urbanization
qattan (cotton grower)
Qing dynasty (China)
Qom; Arabs in; place-names in; taxes in
al-Qummi, Abu Ali Hasan b. Muhammad b. Hasan
Qurʿan
Rayy
The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, (Eaton)
Rum, land of
Rumi, Jalal al-Din
Russia; climate change in; famine in
Safavid dynasty
saffron
Safinezhad, Javad
sahraʿ (desert)
Saladin
al-Samʿani, ʿAbd al-Karim
Samanid dynasty
Samarqand; camels in; cotton in; pottery from
Samarra
Sanjar, Sultan
Sanskrit language
Sarakhs; and Oghuz migration
Sasanid empire; aesthetics of; agriculture in; camels in; clothing in; conquest of; cotton in; elite of; pottery motifs from; qanats in; and silk; trade in; and urbanization
sawwaf (wool dealer)
Scythians (Sakae)
Seleucid empire
Seljuq (Oghuz commander)
Seljuq dynasty; agriculture in; and camels; coins of; history of; land policies of; Muslim scholars in; and Oghuz; pottery of; tiraz in; trade in
Shahnameh (Book of Kings)
Shiʿites; vs. Sunnis
Siberian High
silk; Chinese; dealers in; and elite; embroidery in; hadith on; prohibitions against; trade in; and women
Silk Road; and Arab conquest; and camels; and cotton boom; and Oghuz; revival of
silver
social structure
Sogdia
Sogdian language
Solongotyn Davaa (Mongolia)
Soon, Willie
Spain
Strabo
Sufism
Sunnis; vs. Shiʿites
Syria; and Iran; Muslim scholars from; trade with
Taq-e Bustan
Taʿrikh-e Qom (al-Qummi)
Taʿrikh Naisabur (al-Hakim al-Naisaburi)
Tarvagatay (Mongolia)
taxation; of agriculture; and conversion to Islam; of cotton; of cotton vs. grain; of grain; and irrigation; of villages
textile industry: and changing demand; and elite; government support for; and Islam; and long-distance trade; and qanat irrigation. See also cotton; silk; wool
The Tipping Point (Gladwell)
tiraz (cotton or linen fabric with band of Arabic script)
Toghril (Seljuq chieftain)
trade: and Arab conquest; and camels; with Central Asia; with China; in cotton; and land ownership; and language; long-distance; in luxury goods; in Sasanid period; in Seljuq period; in silk; trans-Asian; and urbanization
Tughril (Seljuq chieftain)
Tunisia
Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion (Barthold)
Turkic languages
Turkmenistan
Turkomans. See Oghuz (Ghuzz) Turkomans
The Turks in World History (Findley)
Uighur Turks
Umayyad dynasty
United States (U.S.)
urbanization: and Arab conquest; and climate change; and cotton; decline of; and food supply; in history; in Iran; and Islam; and language; and population growth; and qanat irrigation; and rural-urban migration; in Sasanid period; and trade
al-ʿUtbi, Abu Nasr Muhammad
Uzbekistan
The Venture of Islam (Hodgson)
villages: cotton in; founders of; founding of new; ownership of; qanats in; taxation of. See also fulanabad village names
Watson, Andrew
wool; dealers in; in Islamic law
work team (boneh) system
Yabghu (Seljuq chieftain)
al-Yaʿqubi, Ahmad
Yemen; cotton from; migrants from
Zandana
Zoroastrians; and agriculture; conquest of; conversion of; and cotton; and place-names