First published in Great Britain in 2008 by Osprey Publishing,
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© 2008 Osprey Publishing Ltd.
All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers.
Transferred to digital print on demand 2012
First published 2008
3rd impression 2011
Printed and bound by PrintOnDemand-Worldwide.com, Peterborough, UK
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Print ISBN: 978 1 84603 247 9
PDF e-book ISBN: 978 1 84908 071 2
ePub e-book ISBN: 978 1 78200 215 4
Editorial by Ilios Publishing, Oxford, UK (www.iliosp-ublishing.com)
Page layout by Ken Vail Graphic Design, Cambridge, UK (kvgd.com)
Index by Glyn Sutcliffe
Typeset in Myriad Pro and Sabon
Maps by Map Studio Ltd, Romsey, UK
Originated by PDQ Digital Media Solutions Ltd, Bungay, UK
The Fortress Study Group (FSG)
The object of the FSG is to advance the education of the public in the study of all aspects of fortifications and their armaments, especially works constructed to mount or resist artillery. The FSG holds an annual conference in September over a long weekend with visits and evening lectures, an annual tour abroad lasting about eight days, and an annual Members’ Day.
The FSG journal FORT is published annually, and its newsletter Casemate is published three times a year. Membership is international. For further details, please contact:
The Secretary, c/o 6 Lanark Place, London W9 1BS, UK
website: www.fsgfort.com
The Woodland Trust
Osprey Publishing is supporting the Woodland Trust, the UK’s leading woodland conservation charity, by funding the dedication of trees.
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