VIII. CONFIGURATIONS OF HUMAN POTENTIAL

 

 

Acceptance of the National Book Award for Gandhi’s Truth (1970)

You do not make it easy for your prizewinning authors. I was notified of the selection of my book on Monday, invited to produce this note of acceptance by Tuesday, and asked to present myself here this evening. For some of us, who live in the Berkshire hills—Thoreaulike, on the western frontier of Massachusetts—it is not easy to know on Monday what we might want to say, from the heart, in Philharmonic Hall on Wednesday.

I want to thank you, of course. But most of all, I want to congratulate you on your choice. Not that my book is really a good book. Some of it was hard to write, almost by necessity. It must be hard to read, and I am grateful to those who persevered. But my readers and my judges, I well know, have borne with me because of my choice, at this juncture of history, of just the right man of peace to write about, and this with the method of another just right man of insight, Freud. I congratulate you, then, for sharing my conviction that we must do what we can to transmit the heritage of these two men of the first part of the century as a trust to its remainder.

In our time, revolutionary insights and innovating methods are quickly assimilated, quickly stereotyped, and put into widespread use in acts and words, whereupon they are quickly declared dead, like the Almighty. In the face of this, we must refuse to abdicate those insights which reveal the poisonous pollution of man’s inner motivations and the abysmal self-deceit and destructiveness which he brings to all of his utopian exploits, preferring the license to kill to the knowledge that he himself must die. That there can be no real freedom without such insight, that some leaders emerging from the next generation may know without fearing to lose their capacity for “unselfconscious” action.

To trace for the young the balance of living insight in the life of a man probably more honest and therefore more devious, more humorous, and therefore more tragic, more deeply defeated and yet, perhaps, more lastingly influential than his colleagues in charisma—that I must admit, was at times a joy. Thank you for sharing it with me.

Thank you also for the check. The first thing I will do with it is try and take my publisher out for dinner, together with my editor: my wife, without whom—indeed; indeed! When I get home, I will see to it that some of the money reaches men and women who are working and suffering for causes that Gandhi would have considered his own.

In the meantime, my thanks: to you, to Norton, and to Joan.

 

Words at Delos (1971)

As night falls, the presence of Apollo throughout this theater seems pervasive. I wish I knew how to pray to him, for the god of justice and balance was never more needed in human life. Few of man’s potentials ever reach what would seem to be an optimum—or balance with what was neglected and forgotten. Usually some of man’s potentials are developed to the point of excess, leading to sin, to hubris, to suicide and to genocide—all symptoms of cancerous overdevelopment. We have discussed under-developed, developing and developed countries, but only Doxiadis admitted to the “crime” of overdevelopment. We have discussed maladjustment and adjustment but not overadjustment. This, I assume, is the hardest to become aware of before it is too late. Yet, between the depths of the inner world that we have learnt to enter and the technological triumphs of walks on the moon—between the sacred centrality of Delphi and the total recklessness of nuclear explosion—we have never been more in need of measure and balance. But I see Apollo at work in our youth. They have indulged in and explored dangerous excess, but some of them seem to have regained a love of the Here and Now as a measure which they will not sacrifice again to overdevelopment. May Apollo be with them.

But besides the great god of light. I am also reminded here of Oedipus, a man of utter darkness who killed his father and has become a symbol of the ambivalences lurking in our unconscious: the symbol of our wayward human drives. This we have analyzed and overanalyzed. But we have forgotten to ask what made Laius believe the oracle and act upon it. We know much more about the fear of the son and his hate of authority than we do about the mistrust of the father and his propensity for sacrificing his son for his beliefs. Here too we must pray for balance: may the sons (who can now learn so much) come to forgive their fathers (for they knew not what they were doing) and may they strive for a balance between the generations, on which—in the end—the success of all worldwide planning must depend.

 

Landing on the Moon (1969)

This morning I would like to speak about the landing on the moon, for there is something I must get off my chest. You see, I was asked by a prominent newspaper to state my anticipatory reaction to the expected moment when the first man would set his foot on the moon. This statement was to be published after a man had, indeed, succeeded in landing and, of course, in taking off again. I, like others, did have some thoughts on the subject, but I could not get myself to send them off. The chances our men were taking were too great to permit anticipatory triumph or clever reflection. Furthermore, the well-known names on the list I was asked to join all belonged to individuals over sixty-five. There was no woman among them. What, I wondered, could we old men say about this event, whether it succeeded or whether it failed disastrously? Our language has served to celebrate other kinds of adventures and to mourn other horrors. And indeed, when the event finally did come off, in view of five hundred millions of people, the viewed fact had a simple grandeur so altogether new that one could only react with a mixture of neighborly pleasure and religious awe, and this in spite of the fact that the highest-ranking commentator flatly stated within the hearing of all these millions that the week of the moon trip had been the greatest since creation. This is not at all what I felt. On the contrary, this statement makes it necessary for me to express myself after all. So please permit me to use this occasion to say what I would have said.

The triumph we witnessed belonged to the test pilots. What when we were young seemed a matter of pure imagination because it was, in fact, unthinkable these disciplined men actually did with a friendliness and a sureness that almost amounted to a trained lack of individual imagination. And indeed, they had learned to trust an army of programmers who had made certain exactly what was to be expected from moment to moment between the earth and the moon and back. One can only salute this teamwork with deep respect because the discipline thus learned is absolutely necessary to keep a future technological world within safe and thinkable bounds. Only a hijacker could wish to weaken such discipline at this moment.

But these men can test only the extent to which men can become the superbrains of machines invented by brains. They cannot test the extent and the limits of the motivations which will decide whether the lethal design which all human conquest has helped to spread—in the name of salvation, of liberation, of progress, and, yes, even of evolution—will be extended to what once was known as the heavens. As long as any nation can live affluently in the safe knowledge of a comfortable margin of overkill, there can be little trust in any nation’s expansion, spectacular as may be the deed or admirable as may be the men who test its mechanics and are tested by it.

Around the time of the moon landing we held a newborn grandson in our arms. I could not help thinking that every time a child is born, there is potentially the greatest week since creation, and the seven seas and the outer spaces pale before its message. Science and insight now make our progeny a matter of considered choice and also of the promise that each child deliberately planned to be born will be brought up to feel at home in his body, mind, and senses so that he may be terrified never by men but only by what in truth is terrible in and about human existence. Without that priority on earth, all landings elsewhere remain footless.

But in the end, what we are learning and teaching will help create truly relevant priorities only by being gathered into a new kind of religiosity. And here, I think, the conquest of the outer space may yet help in a paradoxical way: That men now invade the boundaries of the heavens as concrete goals of science could force man at last to center heaven down on earth, which has, in fact, so patiently and tormentedly waited for it. For the kingdom, as I read Christ’s words, has always been within each of us, if we can only learn to face it—and to share it.

Presented at Philharmonic Hall in New York City, upon the acceptance of the National Book Award for Gandhi’s Truth, on March 4, 1970. Published here for the first time.

Presented in a Greek temple on the island of Delos, at sundown, as a prayer to Apollo. First published in Ekistics, 32, 191 (October 1971), 259–60.

Presented at the Appleton Chapel of Harvard University, on September 24, 1969. Published here for the first time.

 

Bibliography: the Complete Writings of Erik H. Erikson (1930–1985)

1.	1930	Zukunft der Aufklärung und die Psychoanalyse. Zeitschrift für psychoanalytische Pädagogik, 4, 201–16. In English: Psychoanalysis and the Future of Education. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 4 (1935), 50–68.
2.	1931	Bilderbücher. Zeitschrift psychoanalytische für Pädagogik, 5, 13–19. In English: Children’s Picture Books. (1986).
3.	1931	Triebschicksale im Schulaufsatz. Zeitschrift psychoanalytische für Pädagogik, 5, 417–45. In English: The Fate of the Drives in School Compositions (1986).
4.	1936	Book Review: Psychoanalysis for Teachers and Parents, by Anna Freud. In Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 5, 291–93.
5.	1937	Configurations in Play—Clinical Notes. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 6, 139–214. In Spanish: Configuraciones en el Juego. Revistade Psicoanalisis, VI, 2 (1948). In German: Traumatische Konfigurationen im Spiel: Aufzeichnungen. Imago, 23 (1937), 447–516. Short version: Traumatische Konfigurationen im Spiel. Zeitschrift psychoanalytische für Pädagogik, 11 (1937), 262–92.
6.	1938	Dramatic Productions Test. In Explorations in Personality, eds. Henry A. Murray and others, 552–82. New York: Oxford University Press. (Reported in No. 5 above.)
7.	1938	On Play Therapy: A Panel Discussion with Maxwell Gitelson and Others. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 8, 507–10.
8.	1939	Observations on Sioux Education. Journal of Psychology, 7, 101–56.
9.	1940	Problems of Infancy and Early Childhood. In Cyclopedia of Medicine. Philadelphia: Davis & Co., 714–30. Also in in Outline of Abnormal Psychology, eds. Gardner Murphy and Arthur J. Bachrach, 3–36. New York: Modern Library, 1954.
10.	1940	Studies in the Interpretation of Play: 1. Clinical Observation of Play Disruption in Young Children. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 22, 557–671. Revised in Child Behavior and Development eds. Roger C. Barker, Jacob S. Kouninand, and Herbert F. Wright. (“Clinical Studies in Childhood Play”) New York: McGraw-Hill, 1943, 411–28. Revised in Child Psychotherapy, ed. Mary R. Haworth. New York: Basic Books, 1964, 3–11 and 106–10.
11.	1940	On Submarine Psychology. Committee on National Morale (for the Coordinator of Information). Unpublished.
12.	1940	On the Feasibility of Making Psychological Observations in Canadian Internment Camps. Committee on National Morale (for the Coordinator of Information). Unpublished.
13.	1940	On Nazi Mentality. Committee on National Morale (for the Coordinator of Information). Unpublished.
14.	1941	Further Explorations in Play Construction. Psychological Bulletin, 38, 748. Abstract.
15.	1942	Comments on Hitler’s Speech of September 30, 1942. Committee on National Morale (for the Council of Intercultural Relations). Unpublished.
16.	1942	Hitler’s Imagery and German Youth. Psychiatry, 5, 475–93. Revised in: Personality in Nature, Society and Culture, eds. Clyde Kluckholn and Henry A. Murray, 485–510. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1948.
17.	1943	A Memorandum Concerning the Interrogation of German Prisoners of War. Committee on National Morale (for the Council on Intercultural Relations). Unpublished.
18.	1943	Observations on the Yurok: Childhood and World Image. Monograph. University of California Publications in American Archeological Ethnology, (Berkeley: University of California Press), 35, 10, iii + 257–302.
19.	1945	A Memorandum to the Joint Committee on Postwar Planning. Committee on National Morale (written for the Conference on Germany After the War). Unpublished.
20.	1945	Comments on Anti-Nazi Propaganda. Committee on National Morale (for the Council on Intercultural Relations). Unpublished.
21.	1945	Plans for the Returning Veteran with Symptoms of Instability. In Community Planning for Peacetime Living, eds. Louis Wirth, Ernest R. Hilgard, and I. James Quillen. 116–21. Stanford University Press.
22.	1945	Childhood and Tradition in Two American Indian Tribes. In The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, vol. I, 316–50. New York: International Universities Press. Revised in Personality in Nature, Society and Culture (see No. 16), 176–203.
23.	**1946	Ego Development and Historical Change: Clinical Notes. In The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, vol. II, 359–96. New York: International Universities Press.
24.	1949	Ruth Benedict. In Ruth Fulton Benedict: A Memorial, ed. Alfred L. Kroeber, 14–17. New York: Viking Fund, Inc. (Includes a portrait sketch of Ruth Benedict as Frontispiece.)
25.	1950	Childhood and Society. New York: W. W. Norton. 2nd, enlarged ed. 1963.
26.	**1950	Growth and Crisis in the “Healthy Personality.” (With Joan M. Erikson). In Symposium on the Healthy Personality, ed. Milton J. E. Senn. 91–146. New York: Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. (Prepared for the White House Conference, 1950.) Revised in: Personality in Nature, Society, and Culture (see No. 16), 185–225. In German: Wachstum un Krisen der gesunden Personalichkeit. Monograph, 63. Stuttgartterlay: Ernst Klett, 1953. Also in Psyche, Heidelberg, 7 (1953), 1–31 and 112–39.
27.	1951	Statement to the Committee on Privilege and Tenure of the University of California Concerning the California Loyalty Oath. Psychiatry, 14, 243–45.
28.	1951	Sex Differences in the Play Configurations of Preadolescents. American Journal Orthopsychiatry, 21, 667–692. Revised in: Childhood in Contemporary Cultures, eds. Margaret Mead and Martha Wolfenstein, 324–41. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
29.	1952	Book Review: Children Who Hate, by Fritz Redl and David Wineman. In Basic Book News and Bibliography, 1–3.
30.	1952	Cross-Cultural Patterns in the Adjustment and Maladjustment of Children: I. Deviations from Normal Child Development with Reference to Cross-Cultural Patterns; II. Etiology of Maladjustment in the Environment of the Child. Scandinavian Seminar on Child Psychiatry and Child Guidance, 19–23, 26–8. Geneva: World Health Organization. Abstract.
31.	1952	Remarks Made at an Interagency Conference at Princeton, New Jersey, September 21–25, 1951. In Healthy Personality Development in Children: As Related to Programs of the Federal Government. New York: Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation.
32.	1953	The Power of the Newborn (with Joan M. Erikson). Mademoiselle, 62, 100–02.
33.	**1953	On the Sense of Inner Identity. In Health and Human Relations. Report of a Conference Held at Hiddensen, Germany, August 2–7, 1951, 124–43. New York: The Balkiston Company. In German: Uber den Sinn der Inneren Identität. In Gesundheit und Mitmenschliche Beziehungen, eds. M. von Eckhardt and W. Villinger, 137–52. München: Ernst Reinhardt.
34.	**1954	Wholeness and Totality—a Psychiatric Contribution. In Totalitarianism, Proceedings of a Conference Held at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, March 1953, ed. Carl J. Friedrich, 156–71. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
35.	**1954	The Dream Specimen of Psychoanalysis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 2, 5–56. Also in Psychoanalytic Psychiatry and Psychology. Clinical and Theoretical Papers, Austen Riggs Center, vol. I, eds. Robert P. Knight and Cyrus R. Friedman, 131–70. New York: International Universities Press. In German: Das Traummuster der Psychoanalyse. Psyche, 8, 1954–55, 561–604.
36.	1954	Identity and Totality: Psychoanalytic Observations on the Problems of Youth. Human Development Bulletin, 5th Annual Symposium, 50–82. Chicago: The Human Development Student Organization.
37.	***1955	Freud’s “The Origins of Psychoanalysis.” International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 36, 1–15. In German: Zu Sigmund Freud “The Origins of Psychoanalysis.” Psyche, 9 (1955), 90–116. 1955.
38.	**1956	The Problem of Ego Identity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 4, 56–121. In German: Das Problem der Identität. Psyche, 10 1956–57, 114–76. Also in: Entfaltung der Psychoanalyse, ed. Alexander Mitscherlich, Stuttgart: Ernst Klett Verlag, 1956.
39.	*1956	The First Psychoanalyst. Yale Review, 46, 40–62. Also in Freud and the Twentieth Century, ed. Benjamin Nelson, 79–101. London: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 1957. In German: Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytische Krise. Festvortrag zu Freud’s 100 Geburtstag. In Freud in der Gegenwart, ein Vortragzyklus der Universitäten Frankfurt un Heidelberg. Frankfurt, Europäische Verlagsanstalt, 1957.
40.	*1956	Ego Identity and the Psychosocial Moratorium. In New Perspectives for Research on Juvenile Delinquency, 1–23. Washington, D.C.: Children’s Bureau, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
41.	**1957	The Confirmation of the Delinquent (with Kai T. Erikson). Chicago Review, 10 (Winter) 15–23.
42.	1957	Trieb und Umwelt in der Kindheit. In Freud in der Gegenwart (see No. 39). (“Instinct and Surroundings on Childhood”) (“Instinct and External Reality”).
43.	1958	The Syndrome of Identity Diffusion in Adolescents and Young Adults and the Psychosocial Development of Children. In Discussions on Child Development, 1955, eds. J. M. Tanner and Barbel Inhelder. Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the Child Study Group, World Health Organization, vol. 3. New York: International Universities Press.
44.	1958	Young Man Luther: a Study in Psychoanalysis and History. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. Austen Riggs Center, Monograph No. 4.
45.	*1958	On the Nature of Clinical Evidence. In Daedalus, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, LXXXVII, 4, 65–87. Also in Evidence and Inference, The First Hayden Colloquim. Cambridge: The Technology Press of MIT, 1958, 73–95.
46.	*1958	Identity and Uprootedness in Our Time. Address, Eleventh Annual Conference. In Uprooting and Resettlement, Bulletin of the World Federation for Mental Health. Vienna. In German: Identität und Entwerzelung in unserer Zeit. Address, Eleventh Annual Congress, World Federation for Mental Health. Psyche, XIII (1) (1959).
47.	**1959	Identity and the Life Cycle: Selected Papers. In Psychological Issues, 1, 1. New York: International Universities Press.
48.	1959	Late Adolescence. In The Student and Mental Health, ed. Daniel H. Funkenstein, 66–88. The World Federation for Mental Health and the International Association of Universities.
49.	1960	Youth and the Life Cycle, an Interview. In Children. Washington, D.C.; U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. 7, 2, 43–49.
50.	1960	Psychosexual Stages in Child Development. In Discussions on Child Development, 1956 World Health Organization Child Study Group, eds. J. M. Tanner and Barbara Inhelder, vol. 4, 137–54. New York: International Universities Press.
51.	*1961	The Roots of Virtue. In The Humanist Frame, ed. Sir Julian Huxley, 145–65. London: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd. New York: Harper & Brothers.
52.	1961	Childhood and Society. In Children of the Caribbean 18–29. San Juan: The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Printing Division. Also, Postscript to the Conference, 151–54.
53.	**1961	Introduction. In Emotional Problems of the Student, eds. Graham B. and Charles C. McArthur, xvii-xxx. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
54.	**1962	Youth: Fidelity and Diversity. Daedalus, XCI, 1, 5–27. (Reported in No. 58.)
55.	*1962	Reality and Actuality. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 10, 451–73.
56.	1962	Memorandum for a Seminar on the Life Cycle: Thoughts on Tagore’s Childhood. Ahmedabad, India, November 28, 1962. Unpublished.
57.	*1963	The Golden Rule and the Cycle of Life (The George W. Gay Lecture on Medical Ethics, 1963). Harvard Medical Alumni Bulletin, XXXVII, 2. Also in The Study of Lives, ed. R. W. White. 412–28. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1963.
58.	1963	Editor, Youth: Change and Challenge. New York: Basic Books. Also in paperback. The Challenge of Youth, a Doubleday Anchor Book, 1965.
59.	**1964	The Inner and the Outer Space: Reflections on Womanhood. Daedalus, XCII, 2, 582–606.
60.	1964	A Memorandum on Identity and Negro Youth. Journal of Social Issues, 20, 429–42.
61.	1965	Insight and Responsibility. New York: W. W. Norton.
62.	1965	Psychoanalysis and Ongoing History: Problems of Identity, Hatred and Nonviolence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 241–50.
63.	1965	On the Potential of Women (Concluding Remarks). In Women and the Scientific Professions. The M.I.T. Symposium on American Women in Science and Engineering, eds. Jacquelyn A. Mattfeld and Carol G. VanAken. Cambridge, Mass., and London: MIT Press 232–45.
64.	1965	For Larry Frank’s Anniversary—the Couple Who Came for Dinner (with Joan M. Erikson). Presented in Boston, Massachusetts, December. Unpublished.
65.	**1966	The Concept of Identity in Race Relations: Notes and Queries. Daedalus, XCV, 1, 145–70.
66.	1966	The Ontogeny of Ritualization in Man. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 251, 772, 337–49. Revised in Psychoanalysis—a General Psychology: Essays in Honor of Heinz Hartmann, ed. Rudoph M. Lowenstein, et al., 601–22. New York: International Universities Press, 1966. In German: Ontogenese der Ritualisievung, Psyche, XXII, 7 (1968).
67.	1966	Concluding Remarks on Ritualization of Behavior in Animals and Man. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B., 251, 772: 523–24.
68.	1966	Words for Paul Tillich. Harvard Divinity Bulletin, 30, 2, 13–15.
69.	****1966	Gandhi’s Autobiography: The Leader as a Child. The American Scholar (Autumn); 632–46.
70.	1966	Remarks on the “Wider Identity.” Presented to the Catholic Worker (Tivoli, New York) and remarks made at a senatorial dinner (Washington, D.C.) 1966. Unpublished.
71.	***1967	Book Review, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, by Sigmund Freud and William C. Bullitt. The New York Review of Books, VIII, 2.
72.	**1967	Memorandum on Youth: For the Committee on the Year 2000, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Daedalus, 96, 3 (Summer), 860–70.
73.	1968	Memorandum for the Conference on the Draft. In The Draft: Facts and Alternatives, ed. Sol Tax. 280–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
74.	1968	The Human Life Cycle. In International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 286–92. New York: Crowell-Collier.
75.	1968	Psychosocial Identity. In International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 61–65. New York: Crowell-Collier.
76.	1968	Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton.
77.	***1968	On the Nature of Psycho-Historical Evidence: In Search of Gandhi. Daedalus, 97, 3 (Summer), 695–730.
78.	***1968	Insight and Freedom. The T. B. Davie Memorial Lecture on Academic Freedom, University of Capetown, South Africa.
79.	1969	On Student Unrest: Remarks on Receiving the Foneme Prize. Second International Convention on Human Formation from Adolescence to Maturity. Foneme Institute, Milan. Unpublished.
80.	1969	Gandhi’s Truth. New York: W. W. Norton.
81.	1969	Landing on the Moon. Appleton Chapel, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, September 24. Unpublished.
82.	***1970	Reflections on the Dissent of Contemporary Youth. Daedalus, 97, 1 (Winter); 154–76. Also in International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 51, 1, (1970), 11–21.
83.	1970	Acceptance of the National Book Award: for Gandhi’s Truth. Philharmonic Hall, New York City, March 4. Unpublished.
84.	1971	For Marian C. Putnam (with Joan M. Erikson). Appleton Chapel, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, December. Unpublished.
85.	***1970	Autobiographic Notes on the Identity Crisis. Daedalus, 99, 4 (Fall), 730–59. Also in The Twentieth Century Sciences, ed. Gerald Holton, 3–32. New York: W. W. Norton, 1972.
86.	1971	Words at Delos. Ekistics, 32, 191, (October), 259–60.
87.	1971	Notes on the Life Cycle. In: Ekistics, 32, 191, (October), 260–65.
88.	1972	Play and Actuality. In: Play and Development, ed. Maria Piers, 127–60. New York: W. W. Norton.
89.	1972	Environment and Virtues. In Arts of the Environment, ed. Gyorgy Kepes, 60–77. New York: Braziller.
90.	1972	On Protest and Affirmation. Class Day Address, Harvard Medical School. Harvard Medical Alumni Bulletin, July-August, 46, 6, 30–32.
91.	1972	Robert P. Knight: By Way of a Memoir. In Clinician and Therapist: Selected Papers of Robert P. Knight, ed. Stuart C. Miller, vii-xii. New York: Basic Books.
92.	1972	Mary Sarvis—A Few Words of Testimony. Presented at the United Church of Berkeley, Oakland, California. Unpublished.
93.	1973	Thoughts on the City for Human Development. In Ekistics, 35, 209 (April), 216–20. Also in Anthropopolis. Athens, 1974.
94.	***1974	Once More the Inner Space. In Women and Analysis, ed. Jean Strouse. New York: Grossman Publishers.
95.	1974	Dimensions of a New Identity: The 1975 Jefferson Lectures. New York: W. W. Norton.
96.	1974	Peter Blos: Reminiscences. Introducing the First Peter Bios Biennial Lecture. Psychosocial Process, 3, 2, (Fall), 4–7.
97.	1975	Life History and the Historical Moment. New York: W. W. Norton.
98.	1975	Conversations with Erik H. Erikson and Huey P. Newton. In In Search of Common Ground, ed. Kai T. Erikson. New York: W. W. Norton.
99.	1976	Reflections on Dr. Borg’s Life Cycle. Daedalus, 105, 2 (Spring), 1–31. Also in No. 105 and in Aging, Death, and the Completion of Being, ed. David D. Van Tassel. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
100.	***1976	Psychoanalysis and Ethics—Avowed or Unavowed. International Review of Psychoanalysis, 3, 409–15.
101.	1976	Reflections on Activity, Recovery, and Growth. Written as a postscript in Activity, Recovery, Growth: The Communal Role of Planned Activities, J. Erikson, 251–66. New York: W. W. Norton.
102.	1977	Toys and Reasons: Stages in the Ritualization of Experience. New York: W. W. Norton.
103.	1978	Reflections on Aging, an Introduction (with Joan Erikson). In Aging and the Elderly, Humanistic Perspectives in Gerontology, eds. S. Spicker, K. Woodward, and D. Van Tassel, 1–8. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press.
104.	1978	Reflections on Historical Change: A Foreword. In Children and Parents in a Changing World, vol. 5 of The Child and His Family: Yearbook of the International Association for Child Psychiatry and Allied Professions, eds. James Anthony and Colette Chiland, xi-xxi. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
105.	1978	Editor, Adulthood: Collected Essays. New York: W. W. Norton. (See also No. 99.)
106.	1979	Report to Vikram: Further Perspectives on the Life Cycle. In Identity and Adulthood, ed. Sudhir Kakar, 13–34. Bombay: Oxford University Press.
107.	1980	Themes of Adulthood in the Freud-Jung Correspondence. In Themes of Work and Love in Adulthood, eds. Neil Smelser and Erik H. Erikson, 43–74. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
108.	1980	Elements of a Psychoanalytic Theory of Psychosocial Development. In The Course of Life. Psychoanalytic Contributions Toward Understanding Personality Development, vol. 1, 11–61, eds. Stanley Greenspan, M.D. and George Pollock, M.D. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office.
109.	1980	Psychoanalytic Reflections on Einstein’s Centenary. In Albert Einstein—Historical and Cultural Perspectives. (The Jerusalem Einstein Symposium), eds. Gerald Holton and Yehuda Elkana. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 151–73. Also in: Einstein and Humanism, Selected Papers from the Jerusalem Einstein Centennial Symposium. 1980 Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, 151–73. New York.
110.	1980	Identity and the Life Cycle (A Reissue). New York: W. W. Norton. (See No. 47).
111.	1980	On the Generational Cycle: An Address. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 61, 2, 213–23.
112.	1980	(with Joan M. Erikson) Dorothy Burlingham’s School in Vienna. In The Bulletin of the Hampstead Clinic, 3, 2, 91–94.
113.	1981	The Galilean Saying and the Sense of “I.” The Yale Review, (April), 321–62.
114.	1981	(with Joan M. Erikson) on Generativity and Identity (from a conversation with the editors). Harvard Educational Review, 51, 2, (May), 249–69.
115.	1982	The Life Cycle Completed. New York; W. W. Norton.
116.	1982	For Joseph Wheelright—My Jungian Friend. In Joseph Wheelright, St. George and the Dandelion. Forty Years of Practice as a Jungian Analyst. San Francisco: C. G. Jung Institute of San Francisco.
117.	1983	Anna Freud—Reflections. Bulletin of the Hampstead Clinic, 6, 51–54.
118.	1983	Infancy and the Rest of Life: Concluding Remarks. In Frontiers of Infant Psychiatry, eds. J. D. Call, E. Galenson and R. L. Tyson, 425–28. New York: Basic Books.
119.	1983	Reflections: On the Relationship of Adolescence and Parenthood. In Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. II, 9–13.
120.	1985	Reflections on the Last Stage—and the First. In: The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, vol. 39. New York: International Universities Press.

      * Revised in Insight and Responsibility (61)

    ** Revised in Identity: Youth and Crisis (76)

  *** Revised in Life History and the Historical Moment (97)

**** Revised in Gandhi’s Truth (80)

Note: The first seven items were published under the name of Erik Homburger.