Note: Thanks to Kerry Dycus, Chris Twiggs, and Dave James for their input on these issues.
Double track: A two-lane trail such as one made by an ATV or truck. Running side-by-side is possible, passing is easy, and two-way traffic is not a problem. Keep right; pass on the left.
Out-and-back: Running along a trail in one direction for a certain distance, then running back to the start.
Loop trail: A trail that starts and finishes at the same place but has little or no duplication of the route (e.g., making a circle).
Point-to-point: A route that starts in one place and finishes in a different place. Transportation logistics are necessary when setting up such routes.
Single track: This trail is only wide enough for one person at a time. Runners have to yield to other runners to let them pass. Make sure that you leave enough space between you and the runner ahead.
Switchback: A section of trail that makes a zigzag up or down a hill. This is often found when there is a very steep elevation change and is usually preferable to running straight up or down.
Technical: Trails that have lots of rocks, roots, elevation issues, and ditches. Technical trails require a lot more attention than most as foot placement is extremely important. They may also include switchbacks, sharp turns, or blind corners. Technical trails require a delicate balance of looking ahead and looking at the ground in front of you to avoid tripping. As always, take an extra walk break to reduce risks and see what lies ahead.
Trailhead: A location where you can access a trail. Sometimes there is parking and other services. If located in a national or state park, there may be a usage fee. I gladly pay the fee to support upkeep and trail development.
Trail etiquette: This has become an extremely important topic lately as more and more people are taking up trail running: Runners, hikers, cyclists, and sometimes horses will be sharing the same trail. Be aware of the other creatures ahead and behind you.
• Passing: When approaching someone who is slower, let them know you are there with a cough or a greeting, such as “How‘s it going?” Politely thank the yielding runner as you go by after he or she pulls to the side. Uphill runners should yield to downhill runners. The downhill runner has gravity and momentum on his or her side—don’t get in the way of either of these. “Passing left” is the best way to let another runner know that you plan to come by, but the person in front needs to be aware that there are faster moving runners behind them as well. For this reason, a lot of trail races forbid headphones.
• Be patient: When approaching slower runners on a narrow path, don’t put yourself or the other runner at risk. It is appropriate to ask, “Could I please get ahead of you.”
• Being passed: When running on single track, be aware of those behind who are running faster than you and want to pass. Many single-track races don‘t have many passing opportunities. When faster runners come up from behind, step aside so that they can pass.
• Be “green”: Please take your trash with you (gel packs, wrappers, water bottles). Fatigue can result in sloppiness which can lead to litter on the trail.
• When running with your dog: Use a leash. A friendly dog can also cause other runners to fall. Always scoop the poop.
• Stay on the trail: Obey posted signs and don’t cut switchbacks. Some countries do not have the same rules for nature preservation as the United States. If you are competing in a race outside the US, switchback cutting may be allowed, but it’s best to stay on the established trail to protect the environment.
• Buddy system: The safest trail running, just like the safest road running, is with a buddy. But if you run alone, make sure someone knows your planned route and when to expect you back. Bring your cell phone, ensure there is reception on the trail, and the battery will last for more than the duration of the run.