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NOTES

1.    Higley, Connie, Pat Leatham, and Alan Higley. Aromatherapy A-Z. Carlsbad, California: Hay House, 1998.

2.    Ibid.

3.    Sturgeon, Bradley E. 2008. “Light Absorption by Various Beer Bottle Glass.” Monmouth College Department of Chemistry, Monmouth, Illinois. www.edenfoods.com/articles/view.php?articles_id=181.

4.    Higley, Aromatherapy A-Z.

5.    Price, Shirley, and Len Price. Aromatherapy for Health Professionals, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2007.

6.    Asgarshirazi, Masoumeh, Mamak Shariat, and Hosein Dalili. 2015. “Comparison of the effects of pH-dependent peppermint oil and synbiotic lactol (Bacillus coagulans + Fructooligosaccharides) on childhood functional abdominal pain: a randomized placebo-controlled study.” Iran Red Crescent Medical Journal 17 (4): e23844.

7.    Kim, H. M., and S. H. Cho. 1999. “Lavender oil inhibits immediate-type allergic reaction in mice and rats.” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 51 (2): 221–6.

8.    Arthritis Foundation website, https://www.arthritis.org.

9.    Wruck, C. J., A. Fragoulis, A. Gurzynski, L. O. Brandenburg, Y. W. Kan, K. Chan, J. Hassenpflug, S. Freitag-Wolf, D. Varoga, S. Lippross, and T. Pufe. 2011. “Role of oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis: insights from the Nrf2-knockout mice.” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 70 (5): 844–50.

10.    Komeh-Nkrumah, Steva A., Siddaraju M. Nanjundaiah, Rajesh Rajaiah, Hua Yu, and Kamal D. Moudgil. 2012. “Topical dermal application of essential oils attenuates the severity of adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats.” Phytotherapy Research 26 (1): 54–9.

11.    Pattnaik, S., V. R. Subramanyam, and C. Kole. 1996. “Antibacterial and anti-fungal activity of ten essential oils in vitro.” Microbios 86 (349): 237–46.

12.    Frank, Mark Barton, Qing Yang, Jeanette Osban, Joseph T. Azzarello, Marcia R. Saban, Ricardo Saban, Richard A. Ashley, Jan C. Welter, Kar-Ming Fung, and Hsueh-Kung Lin. 2009. “Frankincense oil derived from Boswellia car-teri induces tumor cell specific cytotoxicity.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 9: 6.

13.    Kohara, H., T. Miyauchi, Y. Suehiro, H. Ueoka, H. Takeyama, and T. Morita. 2004. “Combined modality treatment of aromatherapy, footsoak, and reflex-ology relieves fatigue in patients with cancer.” Journal of Palliative Medicine 7 (6): 791–6.

14.    D’Auria, F. D., M. Tecca, V. Strippoli, G. Salvatore, L. Battinelli, and G. Mazzanti. 2005. “Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form.” Medical Mycology 43 (5): 391–6.

15.    Boonchild, C., and T. W. Flegel. 1982. “In vitro antifungal activity of eugenol and vanillin against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.” Canadian Journal of Microbiology 28 (11): 1235–41.

16.    Shapiro, S., A. Meier, and B. Guggenheim. 1994. “The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and essential oil components towards oral bacteria.” Oral Microbiology and Immunology 9: 202–8.

17.    Wu, Shuhua, Krupa B. Patel, Leland J. Booth, Jordan P. Metcalf, Hsueh-Kung Lin, and Wenxin Wu. 2010. “Protective essential oil attenuates influenza virus infection: an in vitro study in MDCK cells.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 10: 69.

18.    Minami, M., M. Kita, T. Nakaya, T. Yamamoto, H. Kuriyama, and J. Imanishi. 2003. “The inhibitory effect of essential oils on herpes simplex virus type-1 replication in vitro.” Microbiology and Immunology 47 (9): 681–4.

19.    Kim, M. A., J. K. Sakong, E. J. Kim, E. H. Kim, and E. H. Kim. 2005. “Effect of aromatherapy massage for the relief of constipation in the elderly.” Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 35 (1): 56–64.

20.    Gebrehiwot, Michael, Kaleab Asres, Daniel Bisrat, Avijit Mazumder, Peter Lindemann, and Franz Bucar. 2015. “Evaluation of the wound healing property of Commiphora guidottii Chiov. ex. Guid.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 15: 282.

21.    Ibid.

22.    Holmes, C., V. Hopkins, C. Hensford, V. MacLaughlin, D. Wilkinson, and H. Rosenvinge. 2002. “Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study.” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 17 (4): 305–8.

23.    Ballard, C. G., J. T. O’Brien, K. Reichelt, and E. K. Perry. 2002. “Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa.” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 63 (7): 553–8.

24.    Kumar, Suresh, Neeru Vasudeva, and Sunil Sharma. 2012. “GC-MS analysis and screening of antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential of Cinnamomum tamala oil in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in rats.” Cardiovascular Diabetology 11: 95.

25.    Boukhris, Maher, Mohamed Bouaziz, Ines Feki, Hedya Jemai, Abdelfattah El Feki, and Sami Sayadi. 2012. “Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of leaf essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. in alloxan induced diabetic rats.” Lipids in Health and Disease 11: 81.

26.    Dorman, H. J., and S. G. Deans. 2000. “Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils.” Journal of Applied Microbiology 88 (2): 308–16.

27.    Scandorieiro, Sara, Larissa C. de Camargo, Cesar A. Lancheros, Sueli F. Yamada-Ogatta, Celso V. Nakamura, Admilton G. de Oliveira, Célia G. Andrade, Nelson Duran, Gerson Nakazato, and Renata K. Kobayashi. 2016. “Synergistic and additive effect of oregano essential oil and biological silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.” Frontiers in Microbiology 7: 760.

28.    Aridogan, B. C., H. Baydar, S. Kaya, M. Demirci, D. Ozbaçar, and E. Mumcu. 2002. “Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of some essential oils.” Archives of Pharmacal Research 25 (6): 860–4.

29.    Meamarbashi, Abbas, and Ali Rajabi. 2013. “The effects of peppermint on exercise performance.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 10: 15.

30.    Singh, Surender, and D. K. Majumdar. 1995. “Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of ocimum sanctum fixed oil.” International Journal of Pharmacognosy 33 (4): 288–92.

31.    Feng, J., and J. M. Lipton. 1987. “Eugenol: antipyretic activity in rabbits.” Neuropharmacology 26 (12): 1775–8.

32.    Queiroz, Joâo Carlos, Ângelo R. Antoniolli, Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior, Renan G. Brito, Rosana S. S. Barreto, Emmanoel V. Costa, Thanany B. da Silva, Ana Paula Nascimento Prata, Waldecy de Lucca Júnior, Jackson R. Almeida, Julianeli T. Lima, and Jullyana Quintans. 2014. “Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia laevigata in experimental models.” Scientific World Journal 2014: 816450.

33.    Nascimento, Simone S., Adriano A. Araújo, Renan G. Brito, Mairim R. Serafini, Paula P. Menezes, Josimari M. DeSantana, Waldecy de Lucca Júnior, Pericles B. Alves, Arie F. Blank, Rita C. Oliveira, Aldeidia P. Oliveira, Ricardo L. Albuquerque-Júnior, Jackson R. Almeida, and Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior. 2014. “Cyclodextrin-complexed Ocimum basilicum leaves essential oil increases Fos protein expression in the central nervous system and produces an antihyperalgesic effect in animal models for fibromyalgia.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16 (1): 547–63.

34.    Aloisi, A. M., I. Ceccarelli, F. Masi, and A. Scaramuzzino. 2002. “Effects of the essential oil from citrus lemon in male and female rats exposed to a persistent painful stimulation.” Behavioral Brain Research 136 (1): 127–35.

35.    Wu K. L, C. K. Rayner, S. K. Chuah, C. S. Changchien, S. N. Lu, Y. C. Chiu, K. W. Chiu, and C. M. Lee. 2008. “Effects of ginger on gastric emptying and motility in healthy humans.” European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 20 (5): 436–40.

36.    Rocha Caldas, Germana Freire, Alisson Rodrigo da Silva Oliveira, Alice Valença Araújo, Dafne Carolina Alves Quixabeira, Jacinto da Costa Silva-Neto, João Henrique Costa-Silva, Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes, Fabiano Ferreira, Ana Cristina Lima Leite, José Galberto Martins da Costa, and Almir Gonçalves Wanderley. 2014. “Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of essential oil of Hyptis martiusii Benth. (Lamiaceae).” PLOS One 9 (1): e84400.

37.    Guesmi, Fatma, Manel Ben Ali, Taha Barkaoui, Wiem Tahri, Mondher Mejri, Mossadok Ben-Attia, Houda Bellamine, and Ahmed Landoulsi. 2014. “Effects of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae) essential oil on healing gastric ulcers according to sex.” Lipids in Health and Disease 13: 138.

38.    Imai, H., K. Osawa, H. Yasuda, H. Hamashima, T. Arai, and M. Sasatsu. 2001. “Inhibition by the essential oils of peppermint and spearmint of the growth of pathogenic bacteria.” Microbios 106 (Suppl 1): 31–9.

39.    Rodrigues, Ítalo Sarto Carvalho, Vinícius Nascimento Tavares, Sérgio Luís da Silva Pereira, and Flávio Nogueira da Costa. 2009. “Antiplaque and antigingivitis effect of Lippia sidoides: a double-blind clinical study in humans.” Journal of Applied Oral Science 17 (5): 404–7.

40.    Gôbel, H., J. Fresenius, A. Heinze, M. Dworschak, and D. Soyka. 1996. “Effectiveness of Oleum menthae piperitae and paracetamol in therapy of headache of the tension type.” Der Nervenarzt 67 (8): 672–81.

41.    Sasannejad, P., M. Saeedi, A. Shoeibi, A. Gorji, M. Abbasi, M. Foroughipour. 2012. “Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial.” European Neurology 67 (5): 288–91.

42.    Ahmad, Shafeeque, and Zafarul H. Beg. 2013. “Elucidation of mechanisms of actions of thymoquinone-enriched methanolic and volatile oil extracts from Nigella sativa against cardiovascular risk parameters in experimental hyper-lipidemia.” Lipids in Health and Disease 12: 86.

43.    Shalaby, Mostafa Abbas, and Ashraf Abd-Elkhalik Hammouda. 2014. “Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of Commiphora molmol extract (Myrrh).” Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology 3 (2): 56–62.

44.    Cha, J. H., S. H. Lee, and Y. S. Yoo. 2010. “Effects of aromatherapy on changes in the autonomic nervous system, aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index in patients with essential hypertension.” Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 40 (5): 705–13.

45.    Hwang, J. H. 2006. “The effects of the inhalation method using essential oils on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension.” Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 36 (7): 1123–34.

46.    Komori, T., R. Fujiwara, M. Tanida, J. Nomura, and M. M. Yokoyama. 1995. “Effects of citrus fragrance on immune function and depressive states.” Neuroimmunomodulation 2 (3): 174–80.

47.    Baratta, M. Tiziana, H. J. Damien Dorman, Stanley G. Deans, Daniela M. Biondi, and Giuseppe Ruberto. 1998. “Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils.” Journal of Essential Oil Research 10 (6): 618–27.

48.    Kumar, “GC-MS analysis and screening of antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential of Cinnamomum tamala oil in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in rats.”

49.    Boukhris, “Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of leaf essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. in alloxan induced diabetic rats.”

50.    Queiroz, “Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia laevigata in experimental models.”

51.    Pinheiro, Mariana Martins, Ana B. Miltojevic, Niko S. Radulovic, Ikarastika Rahayu Abdul-Wahab, Fabio Boylan, and Patrícia Dias Fernandes. 2015. “Anti-inflammatory activity of Choisya ternata Kunth essential oil, ternanthranin, and its two synthetic analogs (methyl and propyl N-methylanthranilates).” PLOS One 10 (3): e0121063.

52.    Shalaby, “Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of Commiphora molmol extract (Myrrh).”

53.    Komeh-Nkrumah, “Topical dermal application of essential oils attenuates the severity of adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats.”

54.    Nascimento, “Cyclodextrin-complexed Ocimum basilicum leaves essential oil increases Fos protein expression in the central nervous system and produces an antihyperalgesic effect in animal models for fibromyalgia.”

55.    Aloisi, “Effects of the essential oil from citrus lemon in male and female rats exposed to a persistent painful stimulation.”

56.    Keshavarz Afshar, M., Z. Behboodi Moghadam, Z. Taghizadeh, R. Bekhradi, A. Montazeri, and P. Mokhtari. 2015. “Lavender fragrance essential oil and the quality of sleep in postpartum women.” Iran Red Crescent Medical Journal 17 (4): 25880.

57.    Diego, M. A., N. A. Jones, T. Field, M. Hernandez-Reif, S. Schanberg, C. Kuhn, V. McAdam, R. Galamaga, and M. Galamaga. 1998. “Aromatherapy positively affects mood, EEG patterns of alertness and math computations.” The International Journal of Neuroscience 96 (3-4): 217–24.

58.    Ali, Babar, Naser Ali Al-Wabel, Saiba Shams, Aftab Ahamad, Shah Alam Khan, and Firoz Anwar. 2015. “Essential oils used in aromatherapy: a systemic review.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5 (8): 601–11.

59.    Cash, Brooks D., Michael S. Epstein, and Syed M. Shah. 2016. “A novel delivery system of peppermint oil is an effective therapy for irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.” Digestive Diseases and Sciences 61: 560–71.

60.    Ro, Y. J., H. C. Ha, C. G. Kim, and H. A. Yeom. 2002. “The effects of aromatherapy on pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis.” Dermatology Nursing 14 (4): 231–4, 237–8, 256.

61.    Diego, “Aromatherapy positively affects mood, EEG patterns of alertness and math computations.”

62.    Ali, “Essential oils used in aromatherapy: a systemic review.”

63.    Diego, “Aromatherapy positively affects mood, EEG patterns of alertness and math computations.”

64.    Barker, Stephen C., and Phillip M. Altman. 2010. “A randomised, assessor blind, parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children—melaleuca oil and lavender oil, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, and a ‘suffocation’ product.” BMC Dermatology 10: 6.

65.    Ibid.

66.    De Oliveira, T. L., M. das Graças Cardoso, R. de Araújo Soares, E. M. Ramos, R. H. Piccoli, and V. M. Tebaldi. 2013. “Inhibitory activity of Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in bovine ground meat.” Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 44 (2): 357–65.

67.    Mossa, Abdel-Tawab H., Amel A. Refaie, Amal Ramadan, and Jalloul Bouajila. 2013. “Amelioration of prallethrin-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxic-ity in rat by the administration of Origanum majorana essential oil.” BioMed Research International 2013: 859085.

68.    Ou, M. C., T. F. Hsu, A. C. Lai, Y. T. Lin, and C. C. Lin. 2012. “Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 38 (5): 817–22.

69.    Han, S. H., M. H. Hur, J. Buckle, J. Choi, and M. S. Lee. 2006. “Effect of aromatherapy on symptoms of dysmenorrhea in college students: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 12 (6): 535–41.

70.    Tate, S. 1997. “Peppermint oil: a treatment for postoperative nausea.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 26 (3): 543–9.

71.    Davies, S. J., L. M. Harding, and A. P. Baranowski. 2002. “A novel treatment of postherpetic neuralgia using peppermint oil.” Clinical Journal of Pain 18 (3): 200–2.

72.    Li, L. 2010. “The effect of Neuragen PN on neuropathic pain: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 10: 22.

73.    D’Auria, “Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form.”

74.    Labib, Gihan S., and Hibah Aldawsari. 2015. “Innovation of natural essential oil-loaded Orabase for local treatment of oral candidiasis.” Drug Design, Development and Therapy 9: 3349–59.

75.    Ni, Xiao, Mahmoud M. Suhail, Qing Yang, Amy Cao, Kar-Ming Fung, Russell G. Postier, Cole Woolley, Gary Young, Jingzhe Zhang, and Hsueh-Kung Lin. 2012. “Frankincense essential oil prepared from hydrodistillation of Boswellia sacra gum resins induces human pancreatic cancer cell death in cultures and in a xenograft murine model.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 12: 253.

76.    Dale, A., and S. Cornwell. 1994. “The role of lavender oil in relieving perineal discomfort following childbirth: a blind randomized clinical trial.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 19 (1): 89–96.

77.    Pimentel, Suzana Peres, Guilherme Emerson Barrella, Renato Corrêa Casarin, Fabiano Ribeiro Cirano, Márcio Zaffalon Casati, Mary Ann Foglio, Glyn Mara Figueira, and Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro. 2012. “Protective effect of topical Cordia verbenacea in a rat periodontitis model: immune-inflammatory, antibacterial and morphometric assays.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 12: 224.

78.    Suresh, P., V. K. Ingle, and V. Vijayalakshmi. 1992. “Antibacterial activity of eugenol in comparison with other antibiotics.” Journal of Food Science and Technology 29: 256–7.

79.    Pinheiro, “Anti-inflammatory activity of Choisya ternata Kunth essential oil, ternanthranin, and its two synthetic analogs (methyl and propyl N-methylanthranilates).”

80.    Shalaby, “Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of Commiphora molmol extract (Myrrh).”

81.    Komeh-Nkrumah, “Topical dermal application of essential oils attenuates the severity of adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats.”

82.    Nenoff, P., U. F. Haustein, and W. Brandt. 1996. “Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) against pathogenic fungi in vitro.” Skin Pharmacology 9 (6): 388–94.

83.    Thomas, Jackson, Christine F. Carson, Greg M. Peterson, Shelley F. Walton, Kate A. Hammer, Mark Naunton, Rachel C. Davey, Tim Spelman, Pascale Dettwiller, Greg Kyle, Gabrielle M. Cooper, and Kavya E. Baby. 2016. “Therapeutic potential of tea tree oil for scabies.” The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94 (2): 258–66.

84.    Karimzadeh, Fariba, Mahmoud Hosseini, Diana Mangeng, Hassan Alavi, Gholam Reza Hassanzadeh, Mohamad Bayat, Maryam Jafarian, Hadi Kazemi, and Ali Gorji. 2012. “Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 12: 76.

85.    Rose, J. E., and F. M. Behm. 1994. “Inhalation of vapor from black pepper extract reduces smoking withdrawal symptoms.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 34 (3): 225–9.

86.    Carson, C. F., B. D. Cookson, H. D. Farrelly, and T. V. Riley. 1995. “Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia.” Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 35 (3): 421–4.

87.    Dryden, M. S., S. Dailly, and M. Crouch. 2004. “A randomized, controlled trial of tea tree topical preparations versus a standard topical regimen for the clearance of MRSA colonization.” Journal of Hospital Infection 56 (4): 283–6.

88.    Edwards-Jones, V., R. Buck, S. G. Shawcross, M. M. Dawson, and K. Dunn. 2004. “The effect of essential oils on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au-reus using a dressing model.” Burns 30 (8): 772–7.

89.    Nelson, R. R. S. 1997. “In-vitro activities of five plant essential oils against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.” Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 40 (2): 305–6.

90.    Aridogan, “Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of some essential oils.”

91.    Nenoff, “Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) against pathogenic fungi in vitro.”

92.    Pietrella, Donatella, Letizia Angiolella, Elisabetta Vavala, Anna Rachini, Francesca Mondello, Rino Ragno, Francesco Bistoni, and Anna Vecchiarelli. 2011. “Beneficial effect of Mentha suaveolens essential oil in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis assessed by real-time monitoring of infection.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 11: 18.

93.    D’Auria, “Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form.”

94.    De Campos Rasteiro, Vanessa Maria, Anna Carolina Borges Pereira da Costa, Cássia Fernandes Araújo, Patrícia Pimentel de Barros, Rodnei Dennis Rossoni, Ana Lia Anbinder, Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge, and Juliana Campos Junqueira. 2014. “Essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia for the treatment of oral candidiasis induced in an immunosuppressed mouse model.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14: 489.

95.    Batubara, Irmanida, Irma H. Suparto, Siti Sa’diah, Ryunosuke Matsuoka, and Tohru Mitsunaga. 2015. “Effects of inhaled citronella oil and related compounds on rat body weight and brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve.” Nutrients 7 (3): 1859–70.

96.    Hursel, R., and M. S. Westerterp-Plantenga. 2010. “Thermogenic ingredients and body weight regulation.” International Journal of Obesity 34 (4): 659–69.

97.    Warnke, P. H., E. Sherry, P. A. Russo, Y. Açil, J. Wiltfang, S. Sivananthan, M. Sprengel, J. C. Roldàn, S. Schubert, J. P. Bredee, and I. N. Springer. 2006. “Antibacterial essential oils in malodorous cancer patients: clinical observations in 30 patients.” Phytomedicine 13 (7): 463–7.

98.    Higley, Aromatherapy A-Z.

99.    Ibid.

100.    Costa, Celso A. R. A., Thaís C. Cury, Bruna O. Cassettari, Regina K. Takahira, Jorge C. Flório, and Mirtes Costa. 2013. “Citrus aurantium L. essential oil exhibits anxiolytic-like activity mediated by 5-HT1A-receptors and reduces cholesterol after repeated oral treatment.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13: 42.

101.    Itai, T., H. Amayasu, M. Kuribayashi, N. Kawamura, M. Okada, A. Momose, T. Tateyama, K. Narumi, W. Uematsu, and S. Kaneko. 2000. “Psychological effects of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients.” Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 54 (4): 393–7.

102.    Diego, “Aromatherapy positively affects mood, EEG patterns of alertness and math computations.”

103.    Wilkinson, S., J. Aldridge, I. Salmon, E. Cain, and B. Wilson. 1999. “An evaluation of aromatherapy massage in palliative care.” Palliative Medicine 13 (5): 409–17.

104.    Grady, Cheryl L., Mellanie V. Springer, Donaya Hongwanishkul, Anthony R. McIntosh, and Gordon Winocur. 2006. “Age-related changes in brain activity across the adult lifespan.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18 (2): 227–41.

105.    Komori, “Effects of citrus fragrance on immune function and depressive states.”

106.    Itai, “Psychological effects of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients.”

107.    Diego, “Aromatherapy positively affects mood, EEG patterns of alertness and math computations.”

108.    Matsumoto, Tamaki, Hiroyuki Asakura, and Tatsuya Hayashi. 2014. “Effects of olfactory stimulation from the fragrance of the Japanese citrus fruit yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) on mood states and salivary chromogranin A as an endocrinologic stress marker.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 20 (6): 500–6.

109.    Motomura, N., A. Sakurai, and Y. Yotsuya. 2001. “Reduction of mental stress with lavender odorant.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 93 (3): 713–8.

110.    Mesfin, Miraf, Kaleab Asres, and Workineh Shibeshi. 2014. “Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of the essential oil of the aerial part of Foeniculum vulgare Miller in mice.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14: 310.

111.    Fu, Y., Y. Zu, L. Chen, T. Efferth, H. Liang, Z. Liu, W. Liu. 2007. “Investigation of antibacterial activity of rosemary essential oil against Propionibacterium acnes with atomic force microscopy.” Planta Medica 73 (12): 1275–80.

112.    Satchell, A. C., A. Saurajen, C. Bell, and R. S. Barnetson. 2002. “Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 47 (6): 852–5.

113.    Nenoff, “Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) against pathogenic fungi in vitro.”

114.    Pimentel, “Protective effect of topical Cordia verbenacea in a rat periodontitis model.”

115.    D’Auria, “Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form.”

116.    Labib, “Innovation of natural essential oil-loaded Orabase for local treatment of oral candidiasis.”

117.    Hay, I. C., M. Jamieson, and A. D. Ormerod. 1998. “Randomized trial of aromatherapy: successful treatment for alopecia areata.” Archives of Dermatology 134 (11): 1349–52.

118.    Lee, Boo Hyeong, Jae Soon Lee, and Young Chul Kim. 2016. “Hair growth-promoting effects of lavender oil in C57BL/6 mice.” Toxicological Research 32 (2): 103–8.

119.    D’Auria, “Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form.”

120.    Nenoff, “Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) against pathogenic fungi in vitro.”

121.    Zhang, Hong, Xia Ran, Chang-Ling Hu, Lu-Ping Qin, Ying Lu, and Cheng Peng. 2012. “Therapeutic effects of liposome-enveloped Ligusticum chuanx-iong essential oil on hypertrophic scars in the rabbit ear model.” PLOS One 7 (2): e31157.

122.    Kaur, Chanchal Deep, and Swarnlata Saraf. 2010. “In vitro sun protection factor determination of herbal oils used in cosmetics.” Pharmacognosy Research 2 (1): 22–5.

123.    Ibid.

124.    Shapiro, “The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and essential oil components towards oral bacteria.”

125.    Deans, S. G., and G. Ritchie. 1987. “Antibacterial properties of plant essential oils.” International Journal of Food Microbiology 5 (2): 165–80.

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