ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURES

1. Body Bag

2. America’s Outposts of Security and Defense . . . and Trade

MAPS

For ease of comparison maps generally use contemporary borders and, unfortunately, Mercator projections. The dates of conflicts and base creation referenced in the maps are often disputed. Additional details and citations for these maps are available in the most recent version of my “Lists of U.S. Military Bases Abroad,” available at www.basenation.us/maps.

1. U.S. Wars and Combat, 1776–2020

2. The Human and Financial Costs of the Post-2001 Wars

3. U.S. Military Bases Abroad, 2020

4. The United States of America and Its Empire

5. Major European Bases in the Americas since 1492

6. Native Lands and Early U.S. Military Bases Abroad

7. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1776–1803

8. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1804–1848

9. The Trans-Mississippi West: Some Posts, Tribes, and Battles of the Indian Wars, 1860–1890

10. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1849–1898

11. U.S. Military Bases Overseas, 1776–1903

12. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1899–1940

13. Bases from Britain: The Destroyers-for-Bases Deal

14. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1941–1945

15. U.S. Military and Commercial Air Rights Abroad: Postwar Planning Map

16. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1946–1949

17. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1950–1978

18. Islands of Imperialism

19. Base Displacement since 1898

20. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1979–1989

21. Enabling Wars in the Middle East

22. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 1990–2000

23. Protests and Evictions at U.S. Bases Abroad, 1950–2020

24. U.S. Bases, Wars, and Expansion Abroad, 2001–2020

25. U.S. Military Expansion in Africa

26. The Global Proliferation of “Lily-Pad” Bases

27. Encircling “Enemies”

28. How Would We Feel? A Hypothetical Map