Contents

Cover i Title Page iii Copyright Page iv Dedication v Preface xi Abbreviations xix

1.    Patristic Reading 1

The Church Fathers on Sacramental Reading of Scripture Scripture as Sacrament

Metaphysics and Hermeneutics: Origen, Hobbes, and Spinoza Sacramental Reading in Origen: Discerning Heavenly Patterns Irenaeus’s Recapitulation as Sacramental Reading

Retrieving Sacramental Reading: Meaning, Virtue, Progress, and Providence Conclusion

2.    Literal Reading 27

Gregory of Nyssa and Augustine on the Creation Accounts of Genesis

Patristic Interest in Reading by the Letter Gregory of Nyssa, On the Making of Man Gregory’s Literal Reading as Theological Augustine’s Turn to Literal Exegesis Theological Literalism in Saint Augustine Conclusion

3.    Hospitable Reading 56

Origen and Chrysostom on the Theophany of Genesis 18 Interpretation as Hospitality Origen: The Son of God at Mamre

Origen: Hospitality as Allegory

Chrysostom: Divine Condescension at Mamre and in Scripture Chrysostom: Hospitality as Interpersonal Moral Virtue Conclusion

4.    Other Reading 81

Melito of Sardis and Origen on the Passover of Exodus 12 The Exodus: Allegory as Arbitrary Reading?

Typology in Scripture Melito of Sardis, On Pascha Origen, Treatise on the Passover Conclusion

5.    Incarnational Reading 105

Origen on the Historical Narrative of Joshua Allegory and Event Origen’s Polemical Context Scripture as Incarnate Logos Mysterii video sacramentum History’s Rightful Place From History to Spirit: Biblical Rationale Conclusion

6.    Harmonious Reading 131

Clement of Alexandria, Athanasius, Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, and Augustine on the Music of the Psalms Tuning People with the Psalms Harmony in the Platonic Tradition Harmony in the Early Church

Restoring Harmony: Virtue and Emotions in the Psalms Harmony with the Voice of Christ Gregory of Nyssa on the Order of the Psalms Conclusion

7.    Doctrinal Reading 159

Athanasius and Gregory of Nyssa on the Wisdom of Proverbs 8 Spiritual Interpretation and Christian Doctrine From Origen to Eusebius Athanasius: Interpretive Strategies Athanasius: Exegesis 1 and 2

Gregory of Nyssa: Turning the Peacock

Gregory of Nyssa: Christ Created, Established, and Born in Us

Reading Wisdom Sacramentally

Conclusion

8.    Nuptial Reading 187

Hippolytus, Origen, and Ambrose on the Bridal Couple of the Song of Songs Contemporary Readings of the Song of Songs Hippolytus: Allegory and Economy Origen: Ecclesial and Personal Readings Ambrose: Ecclesial Asceticism Conclusion

9.    Prophetic Reading 219

Irenaeus, Cyril of Alexandria, Origen, Eusebius, Gregory of Nyssa, Jerome, Ambrose, and Augustine on the Servant Songs of Isaiah

Prophecy and Fulfillment: A Sacramental Bond

Edward Pusey’s Sacramental Typology

Looking for Christ in Isaiah’s Prophecies

Christ as the Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53

Christological Reading and the Wirkungsgeschichte of the Text

Christological Mystery Hidden in the Servant Songs

Wounded by Love: Associations of the Chosen Arrow (Isa. 49:2)

Conclusion

10.    Beatific Reading 249

Gregory of Nyssa, Augustine, and Leo the Great on the Beatitudes of Matthew 5

Spiritual Interpretation of the New Testament

Interpreting between Cave and Mountain

Gregory of Nyssa and Multiplicity of Meaning

Virtue and Salvation

Virtue and Interpretation

Numbering the Steps of Virtue

Conclusion

Conclusion 273

Bibliography 280

Name Index 299

Ancient and Medieval Writings Index 303 Scripture Index 309 Subject Index 313 Back Cover 317