1.America was not an Eden for everyone on December 6. Black communities lived segregated lives of poverty. Antisemitism was alive. Large pockets of the country suffered low literacy and poor healthcare.
2.Wilk, Gavin (2021), “Hasty Departures: The Evacuation of American Citizens from Europe at the Outbreak of World War II” in Journal of Transnational American Studies 12 (1): pp.108–128.
3.The National WWII Museum, New Orleans (www.nationalww2museum.org).
4.Yellin, Emily, Our Mothers’ War, Free Press (New York), 2004 pp.333–341.
5.Seeley G., Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University.
6.With thanks to University of Chicago Library (https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/).
7.CSU Northridge University Library, Northridge CA (https://library.csun.edu/).
8.Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness Years of Triumph, (New York), 1973, pp.164–165.
9.Kline, Maury, A Call to Arms, Bloomsbury Press (New York), 2013, p.111.
10.Perrett, Geoffrey, op.cit., p.191.
11.Fortune, July 1941, p.116.
12.Perrett, Geoffrey, op.cit., pp.27, 38.
13.The National WWII Museum, New Orleans (www.nationalww2museum.org).
14.Naval History and Heritage Command (www.history.navy.mil).
15.National Archives and Records: A People at War (https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/a_people_at_war/a_people_at_war.html).
16.UC Santa Barbara: American Presidency Project (presidency.ucsb.edu).
17.Brinkley, David, Washington Goes to War, Alfred A. Knopf (New York), 1988, p.88.
1.Time, December 15, 1941.
2.Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph: The American People 1939–1945, Coward, McCann, & Geoghegan, (New York), 1973, p.205.
3.Klingaman, William K., The Darkest Year, The American Home Front 1941–1942, St. Martin’s Press (New York), 2019, p.51.
4.The National WWII Museum, New Orleans (www.nationalww2museum.org).
5.Wessels Living History Farm, York, Nebraska (https://livinghistoryfarm.org/).
6.Ibid.
7.Ibid.
8.The Women’s Land Army Works for Victory, USDA pamphlet, April 1945.
9.Cosworth, Paul D. Let the Good Times Roll, Paragon House (New York), 1989, p.6.
10.Lingeman, Richard R., Don’t You Know There’s a War On? Paperback Library (New York), 1970, p.171.
11.www.amemoirfromthehomefront.com.
12.Weatherford, Doris, American Women and WWII, Castle Books (Edison, NJ), 1970, p.119.
13.Tuttle, Jr, William M., Daddy’s Gone to War, Oxford University Press (New York), 1993, p.59.
14.Jeffries,John W., Wartime America, The World War II Home Front, Ivan R. Dee (Chicago), 1996, p.135.
15.Tolan Committee, Hearings, part 22, pp.8534–8563.
16.https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/feds-role-during-wwii.
17.Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph: The American People 1939–1945, Coward, McCann, & Geoghegan (New York), 1973, p.67.
18.In 1941 the US Army was still buying horses.
19.www.warbirdsandairshows.com.
20.The Henry Ford Museum, Michigan (https://www.thehenryford.org/).
21.Willow Run was glorified in the press though it left a legacy of empty housing and overbuilt infrastructure.
22.Naval History and Heritage Command (https://www.history.navy.mil/).
23.Los Angeles Conservancy (https://www.laconservancy.org/wartime-shipbuilding-at-terminal-island/).
24.The Jacksonville Historical Society, Jacksonville, Florida (www.jaxhistory.org).
25.US Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin: 839.
26.www.amemoirfromthehomefront.com.
27.Maine Maritime Museum, Bath, Maine (https://www.mainemaritimemuseum.org/).
28.Lingeman, Richard R., op.cit., p.165.
29.Jeffries, John W., Wartime America, The American Way Series.
30.The Jeep: An American Icon, The National Museum of the United States Army, July 16, 2012.
31.Motor Trend Magazine, September 24, 2020.
32.The National WWII Museum, New Orleans (www.nationalww2museum.org).
33.Yellin, Emily, Our Mothers’ War, Free Press (New York), 2004, p.62.
34.With thanks to ACS.org (American Chemical Society).
35.Missing in Action: Unions in WW II, Arthur Herman (https://www.writersreps.com/feature.aspx?FeatureID=214).
36.“Billion Dollar Watchdog, Time Magazine, March 8, 1943.
1. Geoffrey Perrett, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph, (New York), 1973, pp.232–234.
2. As told by permission of N. Nickerson.
3. World War II: The American Experience (www.visitww2.org).
4. Perrett, Geoffrey, op.cit., pp.232–234.
5. Wikipedia: Aircraft Warning Service.
6. Lingeman, Richard R., op.cit., p.49.
7. Keefer, Louis, From Maine to Mexico: With America’s Private Pilots in the Fight Against Nazi U-Boats, C O T U Pub; 1st edition January 1, 1997.
8. World War II: The American Experience (www.visitww2.org).
9. https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/ww2/Pages/protect-raids.aspx.
10. Harris, Mark Jonathan; Mitchell, Franklin; & Schacter, Steven, The Homefront, Putnam Sons (New York), 1984, p.69.
12. The National WWII Museum, New Orleans (www.nationalww2museum.org).
13. Klingaman, William K., The Darkest Year, The American Home Front 1941–1942, St. Martin’s Press (New York), 2019, p.75.
14. https://www.adn.com/alaska-life/2021/02/01/blackouts-and-air-raid-preparedness-were-taken-seriously-in-nearly-all-american-cities-during-wwii-not-anchorage.
15. Lingeman, Richard R., op.cit., p.26.
16. www.smithsonianmagazine.com (January 19, 2018).
17. www.smithsoniamagazine.com (op.cit.).
19. Lingeman, Richard R, op.cit., p.324.
1. www.amemoirfromthehomefront.com.
2. Lingeman, Richard R., Don’t You Know There’s a War On? (New York), 1970 p.66.
3. National Women’s History Museum (www.womenshistory.org).
4. www.amemoirfromthehomefront.com.
5. Klingaman, William K., The Darkest Year, The American Home Front 1941–1942, St. Martin’s Press (New York). 2019, p.260.
6. Kennett, Lee, For the duration: the United States goes to war, Pearl Harbor-1942, (New York: Scribner), 1985, pp.118, 124.
7. Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph, (New York), 1973, p.382.
8. The Washington Post Health and Science article dated Sept 25, 2012, entitled “Milkweed fruits: Pods of plenty.”
9. Klingaman, William K., The Darkest Year The American Home Front 1941–1942, St. Martin’s Press (New York), 2019, p.115.
10. Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph, (New York), 1973, p.188.
11. Klingaman, William K. op.cit., p.209.
12. Lingeman, Richard R. op.cit., p.307.
13. Miller, Keith, How Important Was Oil in WW II? historynewsnetwork.org.
14. “Bulletin,” Consumer Division, Oregon State Defense Council, Aug. 7, 1942. Folder 12, Box 28, Defense Council Records, OSA.
15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Strike.
1. Wynn, Neil A., The African American Experience During World War II, Rowman & Littlefield, (Lanham,) 2002, p.73.
2. Brown, Lloyd L., “Brown v. Salina, Kansas” in The New York Times, February 26, 1973, p.31.
3. Goodwin, Doris Kearns, No Ordinary Time, The Home Front in World War II, Simon & Schuster (New York), 1995, p.165.
4. National Park Service (https://www.nps.gov/subjects/worldwarii/african-americans.htm).
5. Takaki, Ronald, Double Victory, A Multi-Cultural History of America in World War II, Little Brown (Boston), 2000, p.20.
6. Yelli, Emily, Our Mothers’ War, Free Press (New York), 2004, pp.221–222.
7. Perrett, Jeffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph, Coward, McCann, & Geoghegan (New York), 1973, p.323.
8. Newsweek, September 6, 1943, p.74.
9. Brock, Julia et. al., Beyond Rosie, A Documentary History of Women and World War II, University of Arkansas Press (Fayetteville), 2015, p.8.
10. Goodwin, Doris Kearns, op.cit., pp.417–418.
11. The Khan Academy (https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/us-wwii/a/american-women-and-world-war-ii).
12. Weatherford, Doris, American Women and World War II, Castle Books (Edison, NJ), 2008, p.120.
13. Weatherford, Doris, op.cit, p.164.
14. Jeffries John W., Wartime America, The World War II Home Front, Ivan R. Dee (Chicago), 1996, p.101.
15. African American Women in World War II: The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History (www.gilderlehrman.org; subscription required to access).
16. Weatherford, Doris, op.cit., p.16.
17. Women in the Military – WWII: Overview: Minnesota Historical Society (https://libguides.mnhs.org/wwii_women).
18. Weatherford, Doris, op.cit., p.101.
19. A Question of Equity: The WASP in WWII (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth908307/).
20. https://www.history.com/news/black-rosie-the-riveters-wwii-homefront-great-migration.
21. Yellin, Emily, Our Mothers’ War, Free Press (New York), 2004, p.15.
22. How “Allotment Annies” Scammed Men – And the US Army (https://bust.com/allotment-annies-fyeahhist/).
23. Litoff, Judy Barrett and Smith, David C., Since You Went Away, University Press of Kansas, 1991.
24. V-Mail: The Smithsonian National Postal Museum, Washington (https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/victory-mail).
25. Tuttle, William, M., Daddy’s Gone to War, Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1993, p.36.
1. US Census Bureau, Historical Statistics of the United States, Bicentennial Edition, (1975), Part 1, pp.49, 64.
2. Ibid.
3. www.amemoirfromthehomefront.com.
4. Ibid.
5. https://www.wwiimemorialfriends.org/blog/the-lanham-act-and-universal-childcare-during-world-war-ii.
6. Tuttle, William M. Jr, Daddy’s Gone to War, (New York), 1993, p.8.
7. Tuttle, William M. Jr., op.cit., p.85.
8. Perrette, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph, Coward, McCann & Geoghegan (New York), 1973, p.375.
9. Klingaman, William K., The Darkest Year, The American Home Front 1941–1942, St. Martin’s Press (New York), 2019, p.158.
10. Klingaman, William K., op.cit., p.115.
11. Klein, Maury, A Call to Arms, Bloomsbury Press (New York), 2013, p.631.
12. www.amemoirfromthehomefront.com.
13. Tuttle, William M. Jr., op.cit., p.158.
14. De Quesada, Alejandro, The US Home Front 1941–45, Osprey Publishing (New York), 2008, p.56.
15. www.amemoirfromthehomefront.com.
16. Ibid.
17. Tuttle, William M., op.cit., p.198.
18. https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/breaking-the-back-of-polio/.
19. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 66, Issue 3, September 1953, pp. 569–579.
1. German American Internee Coalition (www.gaic.info).
2. Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness Years of Triumph, (New York), 1973, p.218.
3. German American Internee Coalition (www.gaic.info).
4. Casdorph, Paul D., Let the Good Times Roll, Paragon House (New York), 1989, p.157.
5. Regrettably not all the caretakers were honorable, and some made off with the owners’ property.
6. https://www.britannica.com/story/what-was-life-like-in-japanese-american-internment-camps/.
7. Lingeman Richard R., Don’t You Know there’s a War On? (New York), 1973, p.417.
8. Nazi POWs in America. History Channel, 2004–04-18.
9. https://militaryhistorynow.com/2018/04/10/pows-in-the-usa-10-amazing-facts-about-americas-ww2-prisoner-of-war-camps/.
10. Casdorph, Paul D., Let the Good Times Roll, Paragon House (New York), 1989, p.74.
11. https://militaryhistorynow.com/2018/04/10/pows-in-the-usa-10-amazing-facts-about-americas-ww2-prisoner-of-war-camps/.com.
12. Cohen, Stan, V for Victory America’s Home Front During World War II, Pictorial Histories Publishing (Missoula, Montana), 1991, p.244.
13. Casdorph, Paul D., Let the Good Times Roll, Paragon House (New York), 1989, p.74.
1. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/duquesne-spy-ring.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. https://meandermaine.com/tale/nazi-spies-in-downeast-maine/.
5. Loureiro, Pedro (1989). “The imperial Japanese Navy and espionage: The Itaru Tachibana case” in International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence.
6. Loureiro, Pedro op.cit., p.22.
7. https://vault.fbi.gov/world-war-ii.
1. US Department of Commerce, Data and Reports (https://www.commerce.gov/data-and-reports).
2. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/collection/fact-sheets-state-of-the-news-media.
3. Wikipedia: Golden Age of Radio.
4. Klingaman, William, K., The Darkest Year, The American Home Front 1941–1942, St. Martin’s Press (New York), 2019, p.149.
5. How World War II Helped the Grand Ole Opry Go National (https://www.military.com/).
6. Casdorph, Paul D., Let the Good Times Roll, Paragon House (New York), 1989, p.34.
7. https://www.britannica.com/art/history-of-the-motion-picture/The-war-years-and-post-World-War-II-trends.
8. Trail’s End for ‘39ers (https://sfmuseum.org/hist5/treasis.html).
9. Wikipedia: 1939 New York World’s Fair.
10. Rugel, Michael, Natchez Burning: Anniversary of The Rhythm Club Fire, in April 23, 2011 Mississippi Blues (https://www.americanbluesscene.com/2011/04/natchez-burning-anniversary-of-the-rhythm-club-fire/).
11. Lingeman, Richard, op.cit., p.339.
12. Klingaman, William K., op.cit., p.211.
13. Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Joy, Coward, McCann, & Goeghegan (New York), 1973, p.253.
14. “How Hollywood became the unofficial propaganda arm of the US military”. CBC News, 2020–05-11.
15. https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/winston_churchill_111298.
16. Wynn, Neil A., The African American Experience in World War II, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. (Plymouth, UK), 2010, p.19.
17. Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph, Coward, McCann, & Geoghegan (New York), p.183.
18. http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/WW2-church-attendance-American-church-attendance-increased-during-world-war-two-pdf.
19. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/worldwarii/homefront.htm.
1. Curiously, the announcements of Roosevelt’s death were first heard by children as their afternoon radio serials were interrupted.
2. US Army Airborne and Special Operations Museum, Fayetteville, North Carolina (https://www.asomf.org/).
3. National Bureau of Economic Research, Vol. 23 (www.nber.org).
4. Harris, Mark Jonathan, et al., The Homefront, America During WWII, G. Putnam’s Sons (New York), 1984, p.47.
5. Perrett, Geoffrey, Days of Sadness, Years of Joy, Coward, McCann & Geoghegan (New York), 1973, p.443.