Lollardy
The name given to the heresy inspired by the teachings of John Wycliffe (d. 1384), which in several ways prefigured Protestantism
Praemunire
A process enshrined in English law which imposed penalties on anyone who secured appointment by the papacy in England against royal wishes
Taxation
The laity paid both direct and indirect taxes to the Crown. Direct taxation was in the form of a subsidy voted by parliament, which was one-fifteenth of the moveable wealth of country people, one-tenth of townsfolk. After 1334 these had been levied communally, vill (land unit) by vill, on the basis of an assessment made in 1332. Each settlement determined who contributed to its levy. They were collected in instalments. Indirect taxation was raised on wool exports, exports and imports of general goods (poundage) and on imports of wine (tunnage). Parliament voted these to Henry V for life in 1415. The clergy were taxed on some of their property at the rate of a tenth voted from time to time by convocation