A. BOOKS
To our knowledge, there are two books worthy of special mention that deal mainly with the destruction of Guernica. The first, published in 1938, is the account by George Steer, special correspondent of The New York Times and The Times of London. The second, by Vicente Talón, first published in 1970, is similar to many others in that it is largely a compilation of the many millions of words that had already appeared in diverse form.
For the entire war in Spain, the standard work is by Hugh Thomas.
Most of the books on this list tend to put forward one or the other of the two “classic” points of view: either that Guernica was destroyed in a “terror attack” or that Guernica was destroyed in an act of self-destruction.
Abendroth, Hans Henning. Hitler in der Spanischen Arena. Paderborn, F. Schoningh, 1973.
Acier, Marcel, ed. From Spanish Trenches. New York, Modern Age Books, 1937.
Aguirre y Lecube, José Antonio de. Escape via Berlin. New York, Macmillan, 1944. British edition: Freedom Was Flesh and Blood. London, V. Gollancz, 1945.
Aldecoa, Ignacio. The Basque Country. Barcelona, Editorial Noguer, 1963.
Allan, Ted, and Gordon, Sidney. The Scalpel, the Sword. London, Hale, 1954.
Alvarez del Vayo, Julio. Freedom’s Battle. Trans. by Eileen E. Brooke. London, W. Heinemann, 1940. New York, A. A. Knopf, 1940.
Ansaldo, Juan Antonio, Para Qué … ? Buenos Aires, Editorial Vasca Ekin, 1951.
Atholl, Katherine Marjory (Ramsay) Stewart-Murray, Duchess of. Searchlight on Spain. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1938.
Azpilikoeta, Dride, ed. Le Problème Basque. Paris, ?. Grasset, 1938. The Basque Problem. New York, The Basque Archives, 1939.
Belforte, Francesco. La Guerra Civile in Spagna. Milan, Instituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, 1938.
Beumelburg, Werner. Kampf um Spanien. Berlin, G. Stalling, 1940.
Blunt, Sir Anthony. Picasso’s Guernica. London, Oxford University Press, 1969. New York, Oxford University Press, 1969.
Bolin, Luis A. Spain: The Vital Years. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1967. London, Cassell & Co., Ltd., 1968.
Bolloten, Burnett. The Grand Camouflage. London, Pall Mall, 1968. New York, Praeger, 1968.
Borkenau, Franz. The Spanish Cockpit. London, Faber and Faber, 1937. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1963.
Bowers, Claude Gernade. My Mission to Spain. London, Gollancz, 1954. New York, Simon & Schuster, 1954.
Cardozo, Harold G. March of a Nation. London, Eyre & Spottiswood, 1937. New York, McBride, 1937.
Cleugh, James. Spanish Fury. London, Harrap & Co., Ltd., 1962.
Colodny, Robert Garland. Struggle for Madrid. New York, Paine-Whitman, 1958.
Cowles, Virginia. Looking for Trouble. London, H. Hamilton, 1941. New York, Harper & Row, 1941.
Deschner, Karl Heinz. Abermals Krahte der Hahn. Stuttgart, Hans Günther Verlag, 1968.
De Wet, H. Oloff. Patrol Is Ended. New York, Doubleday, 1938. British edition: Cardboard Crucifix. London, Blackwood & Sons, 1938.
Díaz-Plaja, Fernando, comp. La España Política del Siglo XX. 2nd ed. Barcelona, Plaza & Janés, 1971.
Douhet, Giulio. The Command of the Air. Trans. by Dino Ferrari. New York, Coward-McCann, 1942. London, Faber and Faber, Ltd., 1943.
Eby, Cecil De Grotte. The Siege of the Alcázar. New York, Random House, 1965. London, Bodley Head, 1966.
Galland, Adolph. The First and the Last. London, Methuen, 1970.
Gallop, Rodney. Book of the Basques. New York, Macmillan, 1930.
George, Robert Esmonde Gordon. Spain’s Ordeal. New ed. London, Longmans, Green & Co., 1940.
Gerahty, Cecil. Road to Madrid. London, Hutchinson, 1937.
Göring, Hermann. Testimony recorded in The Trial of German Major War Criminals. Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal Sitting at Nuremberg. London, H. M. Stationery Office, 1946–50.
Gomá Orduña, José. La Guerra en el Aire. Barcelona, Editorial AHR, 1958.
Gordon, Sidney, jt. author. See Allan, Ted.
Guttmann, Allen. The Wound in the Heart. New York, Free Press of Glencoe, 1962.
Hoyos, Max, Graf. Pedros y Pablos. Munich, F. Bruckmann, 1941.
Jellinek, Frank. Civil War in Spain. London, Gollancz, 1938. New York, Ryerson Press, 1938.
Jerrold, Douglas. Georgian Adventure. London, Collins, 1937. New York, Scribner, 1938.
Jolly, Douglas Waddell. Field Surgery in Total War. London, H. Hamilton, 1940. New York, Harper & Row, 1941.
Kemp, Peter. Mine Were of Trouble. London, Cassell, 1957.
Kindélan, Alfredo. Mis Cuadernos de Guerra. Madrid, Editorial Plus-Ultra, 1945.
Kirsch, Hans Christian. Der Spanische Bürgerkrieg in Augenzeugenberichten. Düsseldorf, Rauch, 1967.
Kohler, Klaus. Kriegsfreiwilliger 1937. Leipzig, Günther Heinig Verlag, 1939.
Larracabal, J. S. Das Flugzeug im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Stuttgart, Stalling Verlag, 1969.
Lent, Alfred. Wir Kampften für Spanien. Berlin, G. Stalling, 1939.
Lerma, José Larios Fernández de Villavicencio, Duque de. Combat over Spain. New York, Macmillan, 1966. London, Neville Spearman, 1968.
Madariaga, Salvador de. Spain. London, J. Cape, 1942. New York, Creative Age Press, 1943.
Maier, Klaus A. Guernica 26.4.1937: Die Deutsche Intervention in Spanien und der “Fall Guernica.” Freiburg, Verlag Rombach, 1975.
Mattioli, Guido. L’Aviazione Legionaria in Spagna. Roma, L’Aviazione, 1938, 1940.
Merkes, Manfred. Die Deutsche Politik im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Bonn, Rohrscheid, 1969.
Merry Del Val, Alfonso, Marqués de. Spanish Basques and Separatism. London, Burns Oates and Washbourne Ltd., 1939.
Mosley, Leonard. The Reich Marshal. New York, Doubleday, 1974.
Moss, Geoffrey. Epic of the Alcázar. London, Rich & Cowan, 1937. United States edition: Siege of Alcázar. New York, A. A. Knopf, 1937.
Onaindía, Alberto de. Hombre de Paz en la Guerra. Buenos Aires, Editorial Vasca Ekin S.R.L., 1973.
The Reconstruction of Spain. Madrid, Publicaciones Españolas, 1947.
Regler, Gustav. The Owl of Minerva. London, Hart-Davis, 1959. New York, Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, 1960.
Rowe, Vivian. The Basque Country. London, Putnam, 1955.
Sencourt, Robert, pseud. See George, R.E.G.
Sesmero Pérez, Francisco. Vizcaya. Léon, España, Editorial Everest, 1969. Southworth, Herbert Rutledge. La Destruction de Guernica. Paris, Ruedo Ibérico, 1975.
Le Mythe de la Croisade de Franco. Paris, Ruedo Ibérico, 1964.
Stache, R. Armee mit geheimen Auftrag. Bremen, H. Burmester Verlag, 1939.
Stackelberg, Karl Georg von. Legion Condor. Berlin, Heimbücherei, 1939.
Steer, George Lowther. Tree of Guernika. London, Hodder & Stoughton, Ltd., 1938.
Talón, Vicente. Arde Guernica. Madrid, San Martin, 1970.
Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. London, Eyre & Spottiswood, 1961. New York, Harper & Row, 1961.
Tinker, Frank Glasgow. Some Still Live. New York, Funk and Wagnalls, 1938.
Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (with Boulter, V. M.). Survey of International Affairs, 1936–1937. New York, Oxford University Press, n.d.
Trautloft, Hannes. Als Jagdflieger in Spanien. Berlin, A. Nauck & Co., 1940.
Watkins, K. W. Britain Divided. London, Nelson & Sons, 1963.
Yeats-Brown, F.C.C. European Jungle. London, Eyre & Spottiswood, 1939. Philadelphia, Macrae Smith, 1939.
Zeitz, Carl Hermann. Soldaten retten Spanien. Berlin, Die Wehrmacht Verlag, 1939.
B. periodicals, pamphlets, reports, polemics
The Basque Country and European Peace. London, Autonomous Government of Euzkadi, 1938.
British Medical Aid in Spain. London, The News Chronicle, 1936.
Bulletin of Spanish Studies. Liverpool, Institute of Hispanic Studies. Vol. XIII, No. 52, to Vol. XVI, No. 62, 1936–1939.
Catholic and Protestant Priests, Freemasons, and Liberals Shot by the Rebels. London, Spanish Embassy Press Office, 1937.
The Crime of Guernica. New York, Spanish Information Bureau, 1937.
Crónica de la Guerra Española, Vol. LXII. Buenos Aires, Arde Guernica, Codex S.A., 1967.
Deutsche Kampfen in Spanien. Berlin, Wilhelm Limpert Verlag, 1939.
Durango, ville martyre. Paris, Comité franco-espagnon, 1937.
Estudios Socio-Económicos Comarcales: Guernica-?ermeo. Bilbao, Cámara de Comercio, Industria y Navigación, 1974.
Foreign Wings over the Basque Country. London, The Friends of Spain, 1937.
German Foreign Policy, Documents on. Series D, Vol. III, Germany and the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). London, H.M.S.O., 1951.
Guernica— The Official Report of a Commission Appointed by the National Government to Investigate the Causes of the Destruction of Guernica on April 26–28, 1937. London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1938.
Guernica. Bilbao, Government of Euzkadi, 1937.
Hansard. Vols. CCCXXIII-CCCXXVI. London, H.M.S.O., 1937.
History of the Second World War, Blitzkrieg. London, Purnell & Sons Ltd., 1974.
History of the World Wars, Bombers 1914–1939. London, Purnell & Sons Ltd., 1974.
La Legión Condor Se Despide. Santander, Aldus, 1939.
The London Mercury and Bookman (Guernica, by G. Steer). Vol. XXXVI, No. 214, 1937.
The National Review (London). Vol. CIX, No. 654, pp. 253–254, 1937.
The National Review (New York). Vol. XXV, No. 35, 1973.
Preliminary Official Report on the Atrocities in Spain. London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1936.
Report of a Religious Delegation to Spain, April 1937. London, Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1937.
Student (A. H. Farrar-Hockley). New York, Ballantine Books Inc., 1973.
C. UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS, DIARIES, RECORDS
Even these must be consulted with caution: In a confidential report written in 1955, doubtless in good faith, Freiherr von Beust, while recalling that wind blew the bombs into the town, also remembered the bridge as being to the south of Guernica—when in fact it was to the north.
Auswertung Rügen, Anlage 1 zu Lw Gr Kdo 3, Nr. 7179/38 gKdos (Au-sertestab R. Luneburg) (Militärarchiv/Freiburg) -Oberst v. Richthofen. Heft 1/2, Fuhrung (1938)-Hptm. v. Knauer. Heft 3, Kampfflieger (1938)-Hptm. v. Lutzow. Heft 4, Jagdflieger (1938)
Batzar, Carmen. Diary, Guernica, 1937.
Bestandsmeldungen K/88, Stabskompanie K/88, Spain, 1937 VB/88, 1937; VJ/88, 1937; 4J/88, 1937; AS/88, 1937; J/88, 1937; S/88, 1937 (Militärarchiv/Freiburg)
Beust, Hans Henning, Freiherr von. Die Deutsche Luftwaffe im Spanischen Krieg, Lw 107/1, Stuttgart, 1955 (Militärarchiv/Freiburg).
Church of San Juan, Guernica. Records (in Church of Santa María) 1941.
Church of Santa María, Guernica. Records, 1946.
Convent of Religiosas Carmelitas, Guernica. Records, 1937.
Die Kampfe im Norden, RL2/V 3188, 1. Exemplar, 8. Kriegswissenschaftliche Abteilung der Luftwaffe, Abteilung “Spanienkrieg,” Luneburg 1938, revised and reissued Berlin 1940 (Militär-archiv/Freiburg).
Dominguiz, Juan. Diary, Spain/France, 1937.
Handbook on German Military Forces. U.S. War Department, Intelligence Division, 1943.
Foreign Office, London. Records, in files 371/21290 to 21294, and 21333, 1937 (Public Record Office).
Iturran, Father José. Papers/diary, Guernica, 1937.
Richthoften, Wolfram, Freiherr von. Diary, Spain, April 1937.
Wandel, Joachim. Diary, Germany/Spain, April 1937.
George Steer’s reports in The Times of London and The New York Times caused the greatest stir. Among other newspapers consulted for the period from the end of April to approximately mid-May 1937, when Guernica was most in the news, were:
France—Ce Soir, La Croix, L’Aube, L’Echo de Paris, Le Monde, L’Humanité;
Germany—Berliner Tagesblatt and Nachtausgabe, Die Wehrmacht, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung;
Spain—ABC (Seville and Madrid), Aspa (Salamanca), Unidad (San Sebastián), Euzkadi and Gudari (Bilbao);
United Kingdom—The Daily Express, Daily Telegraph, Manchester Guardian, News Chronicle, The Sunday Times, The Star;
United States—The Christian Science Monitor, New York Herald Tribune, Washington Post.
Interesting accounts of the Condor Legion’s exploits in Spain were published at the time of its return, notably in Germany’s Illustrierter Beobachter (Munich), Berliner Illustrierte, and in Die Wehrmacht, published by Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, especially in Sonderheft: Wir Kampften in Spanien:
—Sperrle, “Condor Legion.”
—Von Moreau, “Hilfe für den Alkázar” and “Mit Bomben Kreuz und Quer durch Spanien”.
A report on Señor Leizaola’s appeal to the Nuremberg Tribunal to include in its charges the destruction of Guernica, particularly against Göring as head of the Luftwaffe, is to be found in Euzko Deya, published in Paris, April 30, 1946.