1. Discussed by Daniel C. Dennett, Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking (New York: W. W. Norton, 2013), pp. 31–5.
2. See Ben Shapiro, ‘The Left Loses its Damn Mind’, The Ben Shapiro Show, Episode 140, at <https://soundcloud.com/benshapiroshow/ep140>
3. See Boris Johnson, ‘Boris Johnson’s Speech on the EU Referendum: Full Text’, 9 May 2016, at <http://www.conservativehome.com/parliament/2016/05/boris-johnsons-speech-on-the-eu-referendum-full-text.html>
4. See tweet by Sayeeda Warsi, ‘Toxic, divisive & xenophobic political campaigning should have no place in a liberal democracy’, 20 June 2016, at <https://twitter.com/SayeedaWarsi/status/744787830333804544>. Compare tweet by Angela Merkel, ‘Hatred, racism, and extremism have no place in this country’, 5 May 2017.
5. See J. K. Rowling, ‘On Monsters, Villains and the EU Referendum’, 30 June 2016, at <https://www.jkrowling.com/opinions/monsters-villains-eu-referendum/>
6. See Arun Kundnani, ‘The Right-Wing Populism That Drove Brexit Can Only be Fought With a Genuinely Radical Alternative’, AlterNet, 2 July 2016, at <http://www.alternet.org/world/right-wing-populism-drove-brexit-can-only-be-fought-genuinely-radical-alternative>
7. See Sandy Marrero, ‘When it Comes to Human Dignity, We Cannot Make Compromises’, Prezi, 3 January 2015, at < https://prezi.com/lfqwky4jv6em/when-it-comes-to-human-dignity-we-cannot-make-compromises/>
8. See Sarah Wildman, ‘Marine Le Pen is Trying to Win the French Elections with a Subtler Kind of Xenophobia’, Vox, 6 May 2017, at <https://www.vox.com/world/2017/4/21/15358708/marine-le-pen-french-elections-far-right-front-national>
9. Diana Mutz, In-Your-Face Politics: The Consequences of Uncivil Media (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015), Chapter 2.
10. Cass R. Sunstein, #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017), p. 86.
11. Mutz, In-Your-Face Politics: The Consequences of Uncivil Media, Chapter 3.