Index
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
accelerated aging model, nuclear mutation damage
adaptive immune system. See also immune system
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
aging
cellular waste disposal
free radicals
glycolysis
interspecies solutions
mitochondrial model
mitochondrial model theory statement
mitochondrial mutations
recycling metaphor
reductive hotspot hypothesis
vicious cycle theory
adult stem cells, limitations of. See also stem cell research
Advanced Cell Technology (ACT)
advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), aging process. See also aging process
age level, cancer
age-related disease. See disease
aggregating protein, mitochondrial model
aging
attitudes toward
calorie restriction
death
evolution
fertility
genetics
immune system
laboratory studies
lifestyle
machine maintenance analogy
mitochondrial model
mitochondrial mutations
mortality rate
time factors in
aging process
advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)
aminoguanidine (Pimagidine)
antioxidants
biochemical breakthrough
blood sugar level reduction
cross-linking proteins
fat tissue
future prospects
insulin
unintended consequences
AIDS virus, research reaction to
alagebrium
AL amyloidosis, systemic, vaccines. See also amyloids
aldehyde dehydrogenase, interspecies solutions
Alliance for Aging Research
allotopic expression
biogerontologic interventions
interspecies solutions
mitochondrial mutations
alpha-secretase
Alzheimer’s disease
amyloid precursor protein (APP)
stem cell research
treatments
Amadori diones
Amadori product
American Heart Association (AHA)
American Medical Association (AMA)
aminoguanidine (Pimagidine), aging process
amylin. See islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)
amyloid plaque, mitochondrial model
amyloid precursor protein (APP)
Alzheimer’s disease
medical treatment
vaccines
future prospects
side effects
amyloid protein A amyloidosis, vaccines
amyloids
amyloid precursor protein (APP)
amyloid precursor protein (APP) medical treatment
attitudes
beta-amyloid aggregation
cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)
overview
vaccine possibilities
amyloid protein A amyloidosis
future prospects
possibilities in
side effects
systemic AL amyloidosis
trials
anergic T cells. See also immune system
immune system
targeting of
anti-inflammatories
antioxidants
aging process
cholesterol
free radicals
mitochondrial model
mouse studies
nuclear mutation damage
antiviral drugs
apoptosis
anergic T cells
hydrogen peroxide
immune system
Archer, John
atherosclerosis. See also cardiovascular system; cholesterol
anergic T cells
cellular waste disposal pathologies
cholesterol
attitudes, toward aging
autophagic vacuole (AV), Alzheimer’s disease
autophagosome
autophagy, mediated, enzyme localization, cellular waste disposal
avian flu virus, research reaction to
backup method. See allotopic expression
B cells, immune system
beta-amyloid protein
aggregation
Alzheimer’s disease
mitochondrial model
pathologies associated with
vaccine possibilities
beta-breakers
beta-2-microglobulin
biogerontology
calorie restriction
current status of, ix–x distortions in
experts in
funding
factors in
media
peer review
public opinion
interventions
metabolism
mitochondrial model
perspective of
prevention
stem cell research
Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS)
vicious cycle theory
bioremediation, pollution cleanup
blood, amyloid proteins
blood-brain-barrier, cellular waste disposal
blood pressure. See hypertension
blood sugar level reduction, diabetes
bone marrow stem cells, heart attack treatment
bone marrow transplant, stem cell replenishment therapy, cancer
boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)
brain, stem cells
Brownback, Sam
Brunk, Ulf
Buffett, Warren
Bush, George W.
Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode worm)
calorie restriction
aging
free radicals
mitochondrial model
nuclear mutation age-related changes
nuclear mutation damage
Campbell, F. Charles
Campisi, Judith
cancer. See also immune system; senescent cells
age level
dendrimers
evolution
gene therapy
Gleevec
immune system
mitochondrial model
nuclear mutation
age-related changes
damage
quantity/quality studies
repair
photodynamic therapy (PDT)
senescent cells
stem cell replenishment
telomerase
treatments for
carbohydrates, mitochondrial model
cardiovascular system. See also atherosclerosis
alagebrium
cross-linking proteins, aging process
stem cell research
caregivers, aging
carrier particle, atherosclerosis
catalase, mitochondrial mutations
cause of death
aging
oldest old
cell depletion, mitochondrial model
cell therapy, cellular waste disposal
cellular senescence, mitochondrial model
cellular waste disposal
lipofuscin
lysosomal enzymes
lysosomal storage disease (LSD)
lysosome
pathologies
atherosclerosis
macular degeneration
neurodegenerative disease
therapy
enzyme cellular delivery
enzyme identification
enzyme localization
side effects
tests
waste types
Cerami, Tony
cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), amyloids
chaperone-mediated autophagy, enzyme localization, cellular waste disposal
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,
cholesterol. See also atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis, cellular waste disposal
mitochondrial model theory statement
nuclear mutation age-related changes
plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
syndrome X
cigarette smoking, attitudes toward
Circulation (journal)
Clinton, William J.
clonal expansion
immune system
mitochondrial mutations
cloning. See somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research (CAMR)
code disparity problem, mitochondrial mutations
Comfort, Alex
cross-linking proteins
aging process
alagebrium
antioxidants
medical treatment
unintended consequences
cure, prevention and
cytochrome c oxidase, interspecies solutions
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
described
research reaction to
Cytovene/Cymevene (ganciclovir)
dauer pathway, calorie restriction
death, aging
death rate. See mortality rate
dehydroascorbate, plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
dendrimers
anergic T cells
cancer
diabetes
aminoguanidine (Pimagidine)
cross-linking proteins
fat tissue
treatment
diabetic neuropathy
diabetic retinopathy
Diamandis, Peter
diastolic heart failure (DHF)
diet, blood sugar level reduction
DiGeorge syndrome
disease. See also specific disease entities and syndromes
age-related, biogerontology
beta-amyloid protein-associated
biogerontology
cellular waste disposal
atherosclerosis
macular degeneration
neurodegenerative disease
nuclear mutation
stem cell research
time factors
DNA microarrays, enzyme identification
Dobson, Chris
Dokal, Inderjeet
dyskeratosis congenita (DKC)
Egan, Jack
elasticity
alagebrium
cross-linking proteins, aging process
electrons
free radicals
rho-zero cells
electron transport chain (ETC), free radicals
EMBO Reports (journal)
embryonic stem cells (ESCs). See also stem cell research
immune system
need for
sources of
stem cell research
tailored cells
endoprotease
enzyme(s). See also specific enzymes
amyloid precursor protein (APP)
bioremediation
enzyme cellular delivery, cellular waste disposal
enzyme localization, cellular waste disposal
enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), lysosomal storage disease (LSD)
epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
epimutation
Epstein-Barr virus
evolution. See also genetics; mitochondrial mutations; mutations
aging
cancer
liposomes
mitochondrial model
mitochondrial mutations
soil microbes
unforeseen side effects, SENS
extracellular aggregates
extracellular factors. See amyloidseye
Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)
macular degeneration
famine, maturation rates
fat tissue
aging process
medical treatment
necessity for
weight loss
fertility
aging
maturation rates
telomeres/telomerase
flight, technology
fluorescein
folding, amyloid proteins
Fox, Michael J.
free radicals
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
antioxidants
cholesterol
defined
genetics
mitochondrial model theory statement
mitochondrial mutations
oxygen
reductive hotspot hypothesis
sources of
vicious cycle theory
Freitas, Robert
Frist, Bill
funding. See also politics
biogerontology
factors in
media
peer review
public opinion
life extension time frame
longevity escape velocity
peer review
politics
public opinion
robust mouse rejuvenation (RMR)
SENS
stem cell research
virus infection treatment
Gage, Fred
gamma-secretase inhibitor
ganciclovir (Cytovene/Cymevene)
Gates, Bill
Gaucher disease
Gelsinger, Jesse
gene chips, enzyme identification
gene therapy. See also stem cell research
calorie restriction
cancer
Hippocratic Oath
immune system treatments
genetics. See also evolution; mitochondrial mutations; mutations
aging
allotopic expression
apoptosis
calorie restriction
cancer
cellular waste disposal pathologies
code disparity problem
free radicals
future prospects
gene therapy, cellular waste disposal
hydrophobicity
immune system
maturation rates
mitochondrial model
mitochondrial model theory statement
mitochondrial mutations
mitochondriopathies
mutations
recycling metaphor
rho-zero cells
somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
unforeseen side effects, SENS
vicious cycle theory
Geron Corporation
gerontology. See biogerontology
Gleevec, cancer
glial cells
glucosepane
glycated hemoglobin
glycation
antioxidants
atherosclerosis
lysosomal limitations
mitochondrial model
glycation endproduct (AGE)-breaking drugs, mitochondrial mutations
glycolysis, mitochondrial mutations
glycoxidation, cross-linking proteins
Gobel, David
Gonzalez-Halphen, Diego
grant review, biogerontology funding
Great Plague
Haldane, J. B. S.
Harman, Denham
Harrison, John
Hatch, Orrin
Hayflick, Leonard
health-care costs, aging
heart, stem cell research. See also atherosclerosis; cardiovascular system
Heinlein, Robert
herpes virus
high-density lipoprotein (HDL). See atherosclerosis; cholesterol
Hippocratic Oath
HIV virus, research reaction to
Hoffmann, Felix
Holliday, Robin
Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2005
Huntington’s disease
Hurler syndrome
Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome
Hwang Woo-Suk
hydrogen peroxide, apoptosis
hydrophobicity
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
inteins
mitochondrial mutations
hypertension
syndrome X
treatment of
hypochlorous acid
immune system
aging
anergic T cells
branches of
economy in
organ systems and
photodynamic therapy (PDT)
stem cell research
T-helper cells
thymus
treatments
viruses
immunoglobulin light chain
inflammatory enzymes, mitochondrial model
influenza
immune system
organ systems
innate immune system. See also immune system
insulin resistance, aging process
inteins, mitochondrial mutations
interferon gamma
interspecies solutions, mitochondrial mutations
intestinal tissue replacement, stem cell replenishment therapy, cancer
in vitro fertilization, embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)
isolated systolic hypertension (ISH)
Johnson, Tom
Kenyon, Cynthia
Khan, Shaharyar M.
kidney, cross-linking proteins, aging process
King, Mike
Kline, Kevin
Krebs cycle (tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle). See tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Krebs cycle)
laboratory studies
aging
mitochondrial model, amyloid plaque
Lanza, Robert
Lawen, Alfons
Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)
leptin, fat tissue, medical treatment
Lewy bodies, neurodegenerative disease
life extension time frame. See also aging; aging process; Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS)
attitude of inevitability
biogerontology funding
duration estimates
funding
longevity escape velocity defined
politics
quantification of
robust mouse rejuvenation (RMR)
technology, pace of
lifestyle, aging
Lindbergh, Charles
lipofuscin
age-related pathologies
cellular waste disposal solution tests
lysosomal limitations
mitochondrial model
longevity escape velocity. See also aging; aging process; life extension time frame; Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS)
defined
politics
quantification of
low-density lipoprotein (LDL). See atherosclerosis; cholesterol
lung tissue replacement, stem cell replenishment therapy, cancer
Lunney, James
LysoSENS
chaperone-mediated autophagy, enzyme localization, cellular waste disposal
gene therapy, cellular waste disposal
islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) vaccine
lysosomal enzymes, cellular waste disposal
lysosomal storage disease (LSD)
atherosclerosis, cellular waste disposal
cellular waste disposal
macular degeneration
neurodegenerative disease
treatments for
lysosome
allotopic expression
beta-amyloid protein aggregation
bioremediation
cellular waste disposal
vicious cycle theory
machine maintenance analogy, aging
macrophages
atherosclerosis
cellular waste disposal
nuclear mutation age-related changes
macular degeneration
cellular waste disposal disease
lysosomal storage disease (LSD)
Maillard, Louis-Camille
Maillard reaction
mannose 6-phosphate
matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
maturation rates, fertility
McCain, John
McCay, Clive
media
biogerontology funding
embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
medical treatment. See also targeted medical treatment; vaccines and vaccinations; specific medications
alagebrium
Alzheimer’s disease
aminoguanidine (Pimagidine)
amyloid precursor protein (APP)
biogerontologic interventions
dendrimers
diabetes treatment
fat tissue
future prospects
gene therapy
Gleevec
photodynamic therapy (PDT)
targeting methods
virus infections
meningoencephalitis
mesenchymal stem cells
metabolism
biogerontology
mitochondrial model
methodrexate
Methuselah Foundation
microglial cells, amyloid vaccines
mitochondrial model. See also mitochondrial mutations
aging
theory statement
mitochondrial mutations. See also cellular waste disposal; evolution; genetics; mutations; nuclear mutations
aging and
allotopic expression
alternative solutions
biogerontologic interventions
catalase
code disparity problem
evolution
free radicals
future prospects
glycation endproduct (AGE)-breaking drugs
glycolysis
hydrophobicity
inteins
interspecies solutions
mitochondriopathies
oxygen
plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
recycling metaphor
reductive hotspot hypothesis
rho-zero cells
theory statement
vicious cycle theory
mitochondriopathies
interspecies solutions
mitochondrial mutations
MIT Technology Review (magazine)
molecular fingerprinting, enzyme identification
molecules, free radicals
monomers
mortality rate, worldwide. See also longevity escape velocity; Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS)
Murdoch, Alison
mutations. See also evolution; genetics; mitochondrial mutations; nuclear mutations
genetics
medical treatment
mitochondrial model
myelin sheaths
myeloperoxidase
NAD+
allotopic expression
glycolysis
plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
NADH
allotopic expression
glycolysis
plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
rho-zero cells
nanotechnology, dendrimers
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Science Foundation (NSF)
nematode worm
neurodegenerative disease
neurofibrillary tangles (NFT)
New England Journal of Medicine,
Newton, Isaac
Niemann-Pick disease
Nixon, Richard M.
Notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1)
N-phenacylthiazolium bromide (PTB)
nuclear mutations. See also evolution; genetics; mitochondrial mutations; mutations
age-related changes
cancer
damage of
quantity/quality studies
repair of
nutrient sensing pathway, calorie restriction
objectivity
oldest old
anergic T cells
causes of death among
oligomers, beta-amyloid
organelles. See mitochondrial mutations
organ systems
aging process
immune system and
osteoporosis, anergic T cells
oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
catalase
free radicals
glycolysis
interspecies solutions
recycling metaphor
oxidative stress
calorie restriction
mitochondrial model
nuclear mutation age-related changes
oxoaldehydes, aging process
oxygen, mitochondrial mutations
Parkinson’s disease
parthenogenesis, stem cell research
peer review, biogerontology funding
pentosidine
perfectionism
peroxisomes, free radicals
Perry, Dan
pharmaceutical industry. See medical treatment photodynamic therapy (PDT), cancer
Pimagidine (aminoguanidine), aging process
Planck, Max
plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
mitochondrial model theory statement
mitochondrial mutations
oxygen
plasticity
alagebrium
cross-linking proteins, aging process
pneumonia
immune system
organ systems
politics. See also funding; public opinion
cloning
embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
funding
longevity escape velocity
stem cell research
pollution cleanup
prevention
cure and
immune system treatments
proteasome
protein(s)
amyloid precursor protein (APP)
amyloids
cross-linking, aging process
mitochondrial model
protein glycation
public opinion. See also politics
aging
biogerontology funding
cigarette smoking
quality of life, aging
Rae, Michael, x
reactive carbonyls
Reagan, Nancy
recycling metaphor, mitochondrial mutations
reductive hotspot hypothesis
mitochondrial mutations
plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
Reeve, Christopher
reproduction, telomeres/telomerase
rho-zero cells, mitochondrial mutations
robust mouse rejuvenation (RMR)
ethics
funding
life extension time frame
technology, pace of
Rose, Michael
Roth, George
salicylates
Schiff base
Schon, Eric
Schwarzenegger, Arnold
science, professional structure of
Science (journal)
senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
senescent cells. See also cancer; immune system
described
elimination of
fat tissue
identification of
immune system decline
mitochondrial model
nuclear mutation age-related changes
overview
senile cardiac amyloidosis
SENS. See Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS)
side effects. See also medical treatment; unintended consequences
amyloid precursor protein (APP) vaccine
cellular waste disposal therapy
unforeseen, SENS
skin grafts, stem cell replenishment therapy
Smigrodzki, Rafal
soil microbes
Solomon, Alan
somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). See also stem cell research
politics
private research
stem cell research
Specter, Arlen
stem cell research. See also gene therapy; somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
biogerontology
cancer, telomeres/telomerase
embryonic stem cells (ESCs) described
need for
sources of
tailored cells
fraud in
funding for
heart
immune system
politics
private efforts in
replenishment therapy, cancer
somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
technical liberation efforts
thymus
Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act
sterility, telomeres/telomerase
stiffening
alagebrium
cross-linking proteins
Stojkovic, Miodrag
Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS), x. See also aging; aging process; life extension time frame
allotopic expression
biochemical breakthrough
cancer, telomeres/telomerase
described
funding
longevity escape velocity defined
politics
quantification of
medical treatment
mutations
nuclear mutation age-related changes
problems and solutions
stem cell research
technology, pace of
unforeseen side effects
vaccine possibilities
stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1)
Stupak, Bart
subcutaneous fat. See also fat tissue
sugars
advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), aging process
health requirement of
syndrome X
suicide gene
survival of the slowest model
allotopic expression
reductive hotspot hypothesis
syndrome X
systemic AL amyloidosis, vaccines
targeted medical treatment. See also medical treatment
anergic T cells
dendrimers
Gleevec
targeting methods
T cells. See also anergic T cells
anergic, immune system
immune system
technology, pace of
telomeres/telomerase
cancer
immune system
mitochondrial model
nuclear mutation
Terman, Alex
Thatcher, Margaret
T-helper cells, immune system
Thompson, Tommy
Thurmond, Strom
thymidine kinase (TK)
thymus, stem cells
time factors, aging
TIM/TOM. See translocates
toxic cells. See senescent cells
translocates
cellular waste disposal
hydrophobicity
inteins
transthyretin
mitochondrial model
protein folding
senile cardiac amyloidosis
Trends in Biotechnology (journal)
tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Krebs cycle) glycolysis
mitochondrial model theory statement
plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
ubiquilin
Ulrich, Peter
unintended consequences. See also medical treatment; side effects
aging process
cross-linking proteins
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
alagebrium
biogerontologic interventions
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. National Vaccine Program Office
vaccines and vaccinations. See also medical treatment
amyloid protein A amyloidosis
amyloids
anergic T cells
future prospects
immune system
islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)
possibilities in
side effects
systemic AL amyloidosis
varicella zoster virus
Vasan, Sara
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Venter, Craig
vicious cycle theory, mitochondrial mutations
Vigna radiata,
Vijg, Jan
viral infection, cancer
viruses. See also immune system; specific viruses
immune system
research reaction to
visceral fat. See also fat tissue
vision, macular degeneration
vitamin C, plasma membrane redox system (PMRS)
vitamin E, cholesterol
von Eschenbach, Andrew
Ware, Carol
waste disposal. See also cellular waste disposal
Weindruch, Richard
Weldon, Dave
Werner’s syndrome
Whole-body Interdiction of Lengthening of Telomeres (WILT), cancer
Zerhouni, Elias