ABBREVIATIONS OF ARCHIVES
CFPL: Special Collections, Concord Free Public Library
GH: Gray Herbarium, Harvard University
HL: Amos Bronson Alcott Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University
MCZ: Archives of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library, Harvard University
MLM: Morgan Library and Museum
NYHS: The Victor Remer Historical Archives of the Children’s Aid Society, New-York Historical Society
NYPL: Berg Collection, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library
ABBREVIATIONS OF BOOKS AND PERIODICALS
Correspondence: The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, 21 volumes
Diary: Amos Bronson Alcott diary, HL
HDT: Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers / Walden; or Life in the Woods / The Maine Woods / Cape Cod. New York: Library of America, 1985.
HDT-CE: Henry David Thoreau, Collected Essays and Poems. Edited by Elizabeth Hall Witherell. New York: Library of America, 2001.
Journal: Henry David Thoreau, The Journal, 1837–1846, 1850–November 3, 1861. Edited by Bradford Torrey and Francis Allen. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1906.
LAG: Asa Gray, Letters of Asa Gray. Edited by Jane Loring Gray. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1894.
LCLB: Charles Loring Brace, The Life of Charles Loring Brace: Chiefly Told in His Own Letters. Edited by Emma Brace. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1894.
Origin: Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964.
ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES
ABA: Amos Bronson Alcott
LMA: Louisa May Alcott
CLB: Charles Loring Brace
CD: Charles Darwin
RWE: Ralph Waldo Emerson
AG: Asa Gray
FBS: Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
HDT: Henry David Thoreau
Chapter 1: The Book from Across the Atlantic
“that of opposition to whatever” Edward Stanwood, “Memoir of Franklin Sanborn,” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 51 (1918): 310–11.
“what portion of my income” HDT, 325.
“Manual of Ethnology” FBS to Theodore Parker, January 2, 1860, CFPL.
“John Brown’s martyrdom” Cynthia H. Barton, Transcendental Wife: The Life of Abigail May Alcott (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1996), 165.
“did not recognize unjust human laws” HDT-CE, 407.
“it wasn’t Brown that was hanged” FBS to Theodore Parker, January 2, 1860, CFPL.
“the Messiah of the black race” ABA, Diary (1860), 5, HL.
“strengthened the Republicans” FBS to Theodore Parker, January 2, 1860, CFPL.
“will continue as long” John Stauffer and Zoe Trodd, The Tribunal: Responses to John Brown and the Harpers Ferry Raid (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012), 135.
“I never eat cheese” Benjamin B. Hickok, The Political and Literary Careers of F. B. Sanborn, Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University, 1953, 431.
“vile outpourings of a lewd woman’s mind” Quoted many places including James Penny Boyd, Triumph and Wonders of the 19th Century: The True Mirror of a Phenomenal Era (Philadelphia: A. J. Holman, 1899), 123.
“‘Adam Bede’ has taken its place” Rebecca Mead, My Life in Middlemarch (New York: Crown, 2014), 15.
“savage instinctive hatred” CD, Origin, 202–3.
“If we admire several ingenious contrivances” Ibid., 203.
“just published Darwin’s Book” ABA, Diary, 1860, 5, HL.
“Mr Alcott and Mr Thoreau” FBS to Theodore Parker, January 2, 1860, CFPL.
“a theory of moral” LCLB, 285.
“To read well” HDT, 403.
“A man receives” HDT, Journal, 13: 77.
Chapter 2: Gray’s Botany
“book is out” A. Hunter Dupree, Asa Gray: American Botanist, Friend of Darwin (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), 267.
“If ever you do read it” CD, Correspondence, 7:369.
“fragrant as his flowers” James Russell Lowell, “To A.G.: On His Seventy-Fifth Birthday,” Botanical Gazette 11 (1886): 9.
“one spirit reigns” John F. W. Herschel, A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 4, 219.
“Yes!” he wrote. “Well put.” AG’s copy of Origin of Species is housed at GH.
Chapter 3: Beetles, Birds, Theories
“two rare beetles” CD, Autobiographies, ed. Michael Neve and Sharon Messenger (New York: Penguin, 2002), 33.
“a disgrace to yourself” Ibid., 10.
“sailing in these latitudes” CD, Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H.M.S. Beagle (1839; reprint New York: Hafner, 1952), 190–91.
“the whole surface sparkled” Ibid., 191–93.
“I could not have believed” Ibid., 228.
“Mine is a bold theory” Adrian J. Desmond and James Richard Moore, Darwin (New York: W. W. Norton, 1994), 260.
“a thousand jasper steps” Erasmus Darwin, The Temple of Nature, Or, The Origin of Society: A Poem, with Philosophical Notes (Baltimore: John W. Butler, and Bonsal & Niles, 1804), 3–4, 71–72.
“inheritance of acquired characteristics” See Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck, Philosophie Zoologique: An Exposition with Regards to the Natural History of Animals, trans. Hugh Elliot (1914; reprint Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).
“the true and unmistakable head” Robert Chambers, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation and Other Evolutionary Writings, ed. James A. Secord (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 272–73.
“in our teeth, hands, and other features” Ibid., 266.
“the naturalist who accompanied” LAG, 1:117.
“The power of population” Thomas R. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 2008), 13.
“lively, agreeable person” A. Hunter Dupree, Asa Gray: American Botanist, Friend of Darwin (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), 192.
“As I am no Botanist” CD, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin: Including an Autobiographical Chapter, ed. Sir Francis Darwin (New York: Appleton, 1898), 60.
“eminently glad to see your conclusion” Ibid., 446.
“Nineteen years (!) ago” Ibid., 437.
“fever it occurred to me that” Alfred Russel Wallace, “The ‘Ternate Paper,’” in Infinite Tropics: An Alfred Russel Wallace Anthology, ed. Andrew Berry (London: Verso, 2003), 51.
“I never saw a more striking coincidence” CD, Life and Letters of Darwin, 473.
Chapter 4: Word of Mouth
“Eden in its primal beauty” Michael Rawson, Eden on the Charles: The Making of Boston (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011), 164.
“Boston always held her head too high” Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Complete Poetical Works (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1908), 357.
“Where Lowells talk only” Joan Waugh, Unsentimental Reformer: The Life of Josephine Shaw Lowell (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997), 65.
“no constitution or by-laws” Holmes, Complete Poetical Works, 269.
“cold & chilly as the gallery” Charles Eliot Norton, Letters (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913), 201.
“a modified fish” Ibid., 202.
“crammed full of most interesting matter” CD, Correspondence, 8:16.
“When you unscientific people” LAG, 2:462.
“The South is our best customer” Harold Holzer, Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech that Made Abraham Lincoln President (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 67.
“We are neither a Northern” Hiram Ketchum, speech, Journal of Commerce, December 17, 1860.
“perfect flood of humanity” LCLB, 58–59.
Many spoke little or no English Allan Pred, Urban Growth and City Systems in the United States, 1840–1860 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980), 30.
“squalid little wretches” Lydia Maria Child, Letters from New-York (London: Richard Bentley, 1843), 62.
“endless whirl of money-getting” LCLB, 58–59.
“Visited the Eleventh Ward” “Charles Loring Brace, Diary 1853–55,” n.p., n.d., NYHS.
“prevention, not cure” CLB, The Dangerous Classes of New York and Twenty Years’ Work Among Them (New York: Wynkoop & Hallenbeck, 1872), 78.
“More individuals are born” CD, Origin, 467.
“as fierce and bitter” Charles Mackay, Life and Liberty in America: Or, Sketches of a Tour in the United States and Canada, in 1857–8 (London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1859), 183.
“bedlam of sounds” CLB, Dangerous Classes, 194.
“notorious rogues’ den” Ibid.
“all the odds and ends” Ibid., 152.
“not long for this world” CLB, “Winter-Life Among the Poor,” Independent, February 9, 1860, 6.
“with lack-luster eye” Ibid.
“such thin pale faces” Ibid.
“daily and hourly scrutinising” CD, Origin, 84.
“houseless and frost-bitten” CLB, “Winter-Life Among the Poor,” 6.
“the innocent victim” CLB, “Children’s Aid Society Seventh Annual Report,” 3, NYHS.
“In the distant future” CD, Origin, 488.
“become a convert” Chauncey Wright, Letters of Chauncey Wright; With Some Account of His Life, ed. James Bradley Thayer (Boston: John Wilson, 1878), 43.
“such ardor of praise” Ibid., 30.
“Wyman—the best of judges—” CD, Correspondence, 8:27.
“many disciples for Darwin” William Barton Rogers, Life and Letters of William Barton Rogers, Edited by His Wife (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1896), 2:19.
“John Brown’s insurrectionary projects” Ibid., 2:20.
“such fairness and simplicity” Untitled review of Origin, Boston Courier, March 5, 1860.
“Darwinian before the letter” Henry Adams, Democracy / Esther / Mont Saint Michel and Chartres / The Education of Henry Adams (New York: Library of America, 1983), 925.
“nine men in ten” Ibid., 926.
“wrecking the Garden of Eden” Ibid., 926.
“The idea of violence” Ibid., 758.
Chapter 5: Making a Stir
“I believed myself already” This anecdote is from Benjamin B. Hickok, The Political and Literary Careers of F. B. Sanborn, Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University, 1953, xi.
“good crop of mystics” Kenneth Sacks, Understanding Emerson: “The American Scholar” and His Struggle for Self-Reliance (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003), 41.
“wise wild beast” FBS, Transcendental and Literary New England: Emerson, Thoreau, Alcott, Bryant, Whittier, Lowell, Longfellow, and Others, ed. Kenneth Walter Cameron (Hartford, Conn.: Transcendental Books, 1975), 22.
“I am an ultra reformer” D. R. Wilmes, “F. B. Sanborn and the Lost New England World of Transcendentalism,” Colby Library Quarterly 16, no. 4 (December 1980): 240.
“Frank Sanborn’s little schoolhouse” Julian Hawthorne, The Memoirs of Julian Hawthorne (New York: Macmillan, 1938), 85.
“promised the greatest interest” Madeleine Stern, Louisa May Alcott: A Biography (Lebanon, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1999), 80.
“simple and conscientious master” Hickok, Political and Literary Careers of Sanborn, 113.
“piercing gray eyes” FBS, Recollections of Seventy Years (Boston: R. G. Badger, 1909), 76.
“a Calvinistic Puritan” Ibid.
“saw with unusual clearness” Ibid., 77.
“You see how it is” FBS, Table Talk: A Transcendentalist’s Opinions on American Life, Literature, Art, and People from the Mid-Nineteenth Century Through the First Decade of the Twentieth, ed. Kenneth Cameron (Hartford, Conn.: Transcendental Books, 1981), 143.
“means to be on the ground” FBS, Recollections of Seventy Years, 167.
“annual chestnutting excursion”: and “might compromise other persons”: Ibid., 187–88.
“The whole matter was so uncertain” Ibid., 188.
“I shall refuse to obey” Hickok, Political and Literary Careers of Sanborn, 171.
“The Carolinian is widely different” “South-Carolina,” New-England Magazine 1, no. 3 (September 1831): 247.
“oran-outang, or a South Sea Islander” “James Russell Lowell and His Writings,” Debow’s Review: Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial Progress and Resources 28, no. 3 (September 1860): 273.
“We are not one people” Paul Calore, The Causes of the Civil War: The Political, Cultural, Economic and Territorial Disputes Between North and South (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2008), 257.
“rival, hostile Peoples” James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 41.
“Mr Brace brought a book” FBS and Benjamin Smith Lyman, Young Reporter of Concord: A Checklist of F. B. Sanborn’s Letters to Benjamin Smith Lyman, 1853–1867, with Extracts Emphasizing Life and Literary Events in the World of Emerson, Thoreau and Alcott, edited by Kenneth Cameron (Hartford, Conn.: Transcendental Books, 1978), 22.
“no one who stands his ground” Higginson to FBS, February 3, 1860, Boston Public Library.
“is there no such thing” Higginson to FBS, November 17, 1859, Boston Public Library.
“I was not so much concerned” Hickok, Political and Literary Careers of Sanborn, 177.
“before I was quite ready” Ibid., 206–7.
“a thousand better ways” Edward J. Renehan, Jr., Secret Six: The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 240.
Chapter 6: A Night at the Lyceum
“disappearing like a hare” Philip McFarland, Hawthorne in Concord (New York: Grove/Atlantic, 2007), 297.
“drained my nerve power” Richard Benson Sewall, The Life of Emily Dickinson (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994), 5.
“a train of fifteen railroad cars” John Matteson, Eden’s Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 94.
“the most eccentric man” Charles Godfrey Leland, Memoirs (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1893), 46.
“Every soul feels” ABA, “Orphic Sayings,” Dial 1 (July 1840): 87.
“Our age is retrospective” RWE, “Nature,” in Essays and Lectures (New York: Library of America, 1983), 7.
“the top of our beings” RWE, Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks, ed. William H. Gilman et al. (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1975), 5:274.
“currents of the Universal Being” RWE, “Nature,” in Essays and Lectures, 10.
“The Baconian mode of discovery” Francis Bowen, “Transcendentalism,” Christian Examiner and General Review 21 (1837): 377.
“the latest form of infidelity” Andrews Norton, A Discourse on the Latest Form of Infidelity: Delivered at the Request of the “Association of the Alumni of the Cambridge Theological School,” on the 19th of July, 1839 (Cambridge, Mass.: J. Owen, 1839), 31.
“a fuller Revelation” Frederick C. Dahlstrand, Amos Bronson Alcott: An Intellectual Biography (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1982), 122.
“the source of truth and virtue” Ibid., 67.
“presupposes his little pupils” Megan Marshall, The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006), 315.
A Boston lawyer was less charitable Carlos Baker, Emerson Among the Eccentrics: A Group Portrait (New York: Viking, 1996), 184.
“certain race of wild creatures” Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Out-Door Papers (Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1886), 107.
“Darwin, the naturalist, says” HDT, 332–33.
“society never advances” RWE, “Self-Reliance,” in Essays and Lectures, 279.
“well-clad, reading, writing, thinking American” Ibid.
“latent distrust of civilization” Higginson, Out-Door Papers, 108.
“refinement and culture” Ibid., 112.
“always tending to decay” Ibid., 115.
“for the most degraded races” Ibid., 108.
“takes more readily to civilization” Ibid., 116.
“so sad a tale” “The South and Free Negroes,” New York Times, March 20, 1860, 4.
“a potent auxiliary” James A. Briggs and Abraham Lincoln, An Authentic Account of Hon. Abraham Lincoln Being Invited to Give an Address: In Cooper Institute, N.Y., February 27, 1860 (Putnam, Conn.: Privately printed, 1915), n.p.
“a Dismal Swamp of inhumanity” Higginson, Out-Door Papers, 129.
“Thoreau’s prejudice for Adamhood” Raymond R. Borst, The Thoreau Log: A Documentary Life of Henry David Thoreau, 1817–1862 (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1992), 552.
“plodding through the prairie mud” RWE, The Letters of Ralph Waldo Emerson, ed. Eleanor Marguerite Tilton (New York: Columbia University Press, 1939), 5:194.
“a subtle chain” RWE, “Nature,” in Essays and Lectures, 5.
“Nature is no sentimentalist” RWE, “The Conduct of Life,” in Essays and Lectures, 945.
“The face of the planet” Ibid., 949.
“Naturalists . . . begin with matter” FBS and William Torrey Harris, A. Bronson Alcott: His Life and Philosophy (New York: Roberts Brothers, 1893), 2:486.
“It is like a swarm of bees” Ibid., 2:487.
“almost the exact truth” Ibid.
“Man’s victory over nature” ABA, The Journals of Bronson Alcott, ed. Odell Shepard (New York: Little, Brown, 1938), 325.
“last of the philosophers” HDT, 535.
Chapter 7: The Nick of Time
“My good Henry Thoreau” RWE, Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks, 4:453.
“‘What are you doing now?’” HDT, The Journal, vol. 1, 1837–1844, ed. Elizabeth Witherell et al. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981), 5.
“an imitation of Emerson” Walter Roy Harding, The Days of Henry Thoreau (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965), 299.
“Henry does not feel himself” Ibid., 301.
“As for taking Thoreau’s arm” Kevin MacDonnell, “Collecting Henry David Thoreau,” Walden Woods Project, http://bit.ly/1OLGYEq.
“another friendship is ended” HDT, Journal, 7:249.
“the education of every young man” RWE, “Man the Reformer,” in Essays and Lectures, 139.
“live deep and suck out all the marrow” HDT, 394.
“to improve the nick of time” HDT, 336.
800 million pounds Sven Beckert, Empire of Cotton: A Global History (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014), 243.
90 percent of all the slaves Ibid., 110.
nearly four million slaves Walter Johnson, Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999), 16, 2.
“You dare not make war” Frederick Law Olmsted, The Cotton Kingdom: A Traveller’s Observations on Cotton and Slavery in the American Slave States, 1853–1861, ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger (1861; reprint New York: Da Capo Press, 1996), 7.
“If an angry bigot assumes” RWE, “Self-Reliance,” in Essays and Lectures, 262.
“I will not obey it” RWE, Emerson’s Antislavery Writings, ed. Len Gougeon and Joel Myerson (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2002), xxxviii.
“keep a cordon sanitaire” Randall Fuller, From Battlefields Rising: How the Civil War Transformed American Literature (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 57.
“I think we must get rid of slavery” Ibid.
“We have attempted” RWE, The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, ed. Ronald A. Bosco and Douglas Emory Wilson (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 2007), 7:332.
“I cannot for an instance” HDT-CE, 206.
the John Brown affair The Oxford Handbook of Transcendentalism, ed. Joel Myerson, Sandra Harbert Petrulionis, and Laura Dassow Walls (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 218.
“I did not send to you” Harding, Days of Thoreau, 417.
as if it “burned him” Edward Waldo Emerson, Henry Thoreau: As Remembered by a Young Friend (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1917), 71.
“a revolutionary Lecture” ABA, The Journals of Bronson Alcott, ed. Odell Shepard (New York: Little, Brown, 1938), 2:384.
“mightily stirred by the emotions” FBS, The Personality of Thoreau (Boston: C.E. Goodspeed, 1901), 36–37.
“a thorough fanatic” Sandra Harbert Petrulionis, To Set This World Right: The Antislavery Movement in Thoreau’s Concord (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2006), 137–38.
“it was more fitting to signify” Ibid., 139.
“So universal and widely related” Ibid.
“young man is a demigod” HDT, Journal, 13:35.
“the character of my knowledge” Harding, Days of Thoreau, 291.
“What sort of science” HDT, Journal, 3:156.
“I awoke this morning” Ibid., 3:150.
“His theory of the formation” Ibid., 2:263.
a small diary and a pencil FBS, Henry D. Thoreau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910), 251.
“I am drawing a rather long bow” HDT, Journal, 6:411.
“a hungry, omnivorous monster” John Burroughs, The Late Harvest (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1922), 148.
“Observation is so wide awake” HDT, 296.
“choice documents to me” Frederick Douglass, Autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave / My Bondage and My Freedom / Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, ed. Henry Louis Gates (New York: Library of America, 1994), 226.
“I have indulged myself” Barbara Hochman, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and the Reading Revolution: Race, Literacy, Childhood, and Fiction, 1851–1911 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2011), 84.
Chapter 8: Bones of Contention
invited to be a corresponding member in 1850 William Ellery Channing, Thoreau, the Poet-Naturalist, with Memorial Verses, ed. FBS (Boston: Charles E. Goodspeed, 1902), 281.
“Gorilla collection of Mr. Du Chaillu” “January 4, 1860,” Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7 (1861), 211.
“one of the troglodyte tribe” Monte Reel, Between Man and Beast: An Unlikely Explorer and the African Adventure That Took the Victorian World by Storm (New York: Anchor, 2013), 91.
“the teeth were in a continuous series” “January 4, 1860,” Boston Society of Natural History 7 (1861), 212.
“the relative size of the brain” Ibid.
“In the young gorilla” Ibid., 211–12.
“Take with this their awful cry” Paul du Chaillu, Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1861), 126.
“poor—very poor!!” CD, Correspondence, 8:16.
“the splendid, magnificent letter” Ibid., 8:45.
Chapter 9: Agassiz
“of men, skulls, skeletons” “December 21, 1859,” Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7 (1861), 192.
“the free conception of the Almighty Intellect” Guy Davenport, The Intelligence of Louis Agassiz: A Specimen Book of Scientific Writings (Boston: Beacon Press, 1963), ix.
“There is order in the universe” AG, Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 58.
“behind nature, throughout nature” RWE, “Nature,” in Essays and Lectures, 7.
“study of nature” Charles Frederick Holder, Louis Agassiz: His Life and Work (New York: Putnam’s 1893), 193.
“He is a fine, pleasant fellow” LAG, 343.
“a good genial fellow” A. Hunter Dupree, Asa Gray: American Botanist, Friend of Darwin (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), 228.
“writing and talking ad populum” Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America (New York: Macmillan, 2001), 125.
“In surveying the globe” “The Natural History of Man,” Methodist Review 26 (1844): 257.
“hardly be dated” “Mr. Brace on the Races of the Old World,” New York Times, June 22, 1863.
“the likeness of the Creator” James Cowles Prichard, Researches Into the Physical History of Man (London: Arch, 1813), 1.
“constitute but one race” Ibid., iii.
“on a race originally uniform” Ibid., 2.
“primitive stock of men” Ibid., 233.
“We have no great objection” Charles Caldwell, Thoughts on the Original Unity of the Human Race (Cincinnati: J.A. & U.P. James, 1852), 34.
“to the male ape” Ibid., 57.
“Look first upon the Caucasian female” Josiah Nott, “American Intelligence,” American Journal of the Medical Sciences 5 (1843): 254.
“Is that a fair objection” Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 77.
“resolved to fight” Frederick Douglass, Autobiographies; Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave / My Bondage and My Freedom / Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, ed. Henry Louis Gates (New York: Library of America, 1994), 64–65.
“turning point in my career as a slave” Ibid.
“the vital question of the age” Frederick Douglass, The Claims of the Negro, Ethnologically Considered: An Address, Before the Literary Societies of Western Reserve College, at Commencement, July 12, 1854 (Rochester, N.Y.: Lee, Mann, 1854), 5.
“BECAUSE HE IS NOT A MAN!” Ibid., 7.
“no human, barely any animal feeling” Tania Das Gupta et al., Race and Racialization: Essential Readings (Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 2007), 26.
“a phalanx of learned men” Douglass, Claims of the Negro, 285.
“the Notts, the Gliddens [sic], the Agassiz” Ibid., 10.
“most glory upon the wisdom” Ibid., 11.
“The unity of the human race” Ibid., 12.
“at the bottom of the whole controversy” Ibid., 13.
“separate the negro race” Ibid., 16.
“staked out the ground beforehand” Ibid., 20.
“endeavor to make you” David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Emancipation (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014), 38.
“the nakedness of some [slaves]” Ibid., 203–4.
“A slave is not” Ibid., 270, my emphasis.
“[Is it] not a little remarkable” J. C. Nott and George R. Gliddon, Types of Mankind Or Ethnological Researches, Based Upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania of Races, and Upon Their Natural, Geographical, Philological, and Biblical History (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1857), 75.
“Man is distinguished” Douglass, Claims of the Negro, 8.
“a certain class of ethnologists” John Stauffer et al., Picturing Frederick Douglass: An Illustrated Biography of the Nineteenth Century’s Most Photographed American (London: Liveright, 2015), 167.
“all the rest intermediates!” Douglass, Claims of the Negro, 8.
Chapter 10: The What-Is-It?
“even in a country store” Christopher Irmscher, The Poetics of Natural History: From John Bartram to William James. (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1999), 104.
“My organ of acquisitiveness” P. T. Barnum, The Life of P. T. Barnum, Written by Himself (London: Sampson Low, 1855), 20.
“promoters of the natural sciences” Irmscher, Poetics of Natural History, 103.
“the gods visible again” Ibid., 300.
“A man has been found” Bluford Adams, E Pluribus Barnum: The Great Showman and the Making of U.S. Popular Culture (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), 148.
“we wage war” Sidney Kaplan, American Studies in Black and White: Selected Essays, 1949–1989 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1996), 200.
“MOST MARVELOUS CREATURE LIVING” Irmscher, Poetics of Natural History, 132.
“what manure is to the land” P. T. Barnum, The Humbugs of the World: An Account of Humbugs, Delusions, Impositions, Quackeries, Deceits, and Deceivers Generally, in All Ages (New York: Carleton, 1866), 66.
“He possesses the skull, limbs” Irmscher, Poetics of Natural History, 132.
“apparently more strength” Ibid., 135.
“he’s a great fact for Darwin” George Templeton Strong, The Diary, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: Macmillan, 1952), 12.
“to see the much advertised” Ibid.
“Darwin cannot understand” Ibid., 13.
“got hold of a truth” Ibid., 10.
“certain elemental atoms” Ibid., 14.
“thousands of millions” Ibid., 10.
“flying fish by successive minute steps” Ibid., 11.
“some ancestral archaic fish” Ibid., 10.
“The showman’s story” Ibid., 12.
“a grand grizzly bear” Ibid.
“Well, we fooled ’em” Bernth Lindfors, Early African Entertainments Abroad: From the Hottentot Venus to Africa’s First Olympians (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014), 170.
“modified or changed” CLB, The Races of the Old World: A Manual of Ethnology (London: John Murray, 1863), 147.
“I am anxious to talk” LCLB, 210.
“deepest feeling of my heart” Ibid., 72.
“The shadow of our national sin” Ibid., 256.
“Evil seems to me destructive” Ibid., 335.
“The idea of this age” Ibid., 297.
“I think it furnishes what historians” Ibid., 285.
“We all know how energetic” “Correspondence from Boston,” Daily National Intelligencer, February 20, 1860, col. C.
“kept screws to crush the fingers” CD, The Voyage of the Beagle: Charles Darwin’s Journal of Researches, ed. Janet Browne and Michael Neve (London: Penguin Classics, 1989), 499.
“the vilest of the human kind” Adrian Desmond and James Moore, Darwin’s Sacred Cause: How a Hatred of Slavery Shaped Darwin’s Views on Human Evolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009), 10. This is by for the best account of Darwin’s lifelong aversion to New World slavery.
“I shall never forget my feelings” CD, Voyage, 28.
“heard the most pitiable moan” Desmond and Moore, Darwin’s Sacred Cause, 182.
Chapter 11: A Spirited Conflict
“we thought Darwin had thrown” James McIntosh notes, “In all likelihood Dickinson read the series of excellent, informative articles by Asa Gray.” McIntosh, Nimble Believing: Dickinson and the Unknown (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000), 174n16; Letters of Emily Dickinson, ed. Thomas H. Johnson (1958; reprint Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1997), letter 750.
“sneer at the idea” “Christian Theism: The Testimony of Reason and Revelation to the Existence and Character of the Supreme Being,” New Englander and Yale Review 14, no. 56 (1856): 628. The remaining statements against Darwin’s theory are found in AG, “Darwin and His Reviewers,” Atlantic Monthly 6 (October 1860), 409, 411.
“a universal and ultimate physical cause” AG, Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 137.
“is inconsistent with the idea” Ibid., 54.
“independent, specific creation” Ibid., 10–11.
“theistic to excess” Ibid., 14.
“the domain of inductive science” Ibid.
“subject from their birth to physical influences” Ibid., emphasis added.
“A spirited conflict” Ibid., 10.
“As the conclusions” CD, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin: Including an Autobiographical Chapter, ed. Sir Francis Darwin (New York: Appleton, 1898), 11.
“A sentence likely to mislead!” Louis Agassiz’s copy of On the Origin of Species, 187, 184, MCZ.
“The mistake of Darwin” Ibid., 112.
“does the excellences of the classification” Ibid., 129.
“Why sir, there is room” Ibid., 186.
“There is a design” Agassiz quoted in CD, Correspondence, 8:55.
“Tell Darwin that Agassiz” Edward Lurie, Louis Agassiz: A Life in Science (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), 295.
“the most degraded of human races” Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 36.
“feeling that they inspired in me” Ibid., 44–45.
“more widely different” Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz, Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1893), 603.
“one of the most difficult problems” Ibid.
“best marked human races” AG, Darwiniana, 51.
Chapter 12: Into the Vortex
“Every few weeks” LMA, Little Women: Or, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy (1868–69; reprint New York: Little, Brown 1922), 214.
“There blossomed forth” James Redpath, Echoes of Harper’s Ferry (Boston: Thayer & Eldridge, 1860), 98.
“set my teeth & vowed” LMA, The Selected Letters of Louisa May Alcott, ed. Joel Myerson and Daniel Shealy (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995), 34.
Orphans populate American fiction See, for instance, Carol J. Singley, Adopting America: Childhood, Kinship, and National Identity in Literature (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).
“the man who has helped me” John Matteson, Eden’s Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 407.
“encourage and lead her” ABA, The Journals of Bronson Alcott, ed. Odell Shepard (New York: Little, Brown, 1938), 326.
“Though in many people’s eyes” Katharine Susan Anthony, Louisa May Alcott (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977), 109.
“I am pleased” ABA, Journals of Alcott, 326.
“They are bright girls” FBS to Theodore Parker, February 12, 1860, CFPL.
“This court acknowledges” John Stauffer and Zoe Trodd, The Tribunal: Responses to John Brown and the Harpers Ferry Raid (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012), 55.
“Ah, he is too blue” Anne Brown Adams, “Louisa May Alcott in the Early 1860s,” in Alcott in Her Own Time: A Biographical Chronicle of Her Life, Drawn from Recollections, Interviews, & Memoirs by Family, Friends, & Associates, ed. Daniel Shealy (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2005), 11.
“armed with tar” William G. Allen, American Prejudice Against Color; An Authentic Narrative, Showing How Easily the Nation Got into an Uproar (London: W. & F. G. Cash, 1853), 1.
“a Spaniard, and of noble family” LMA, Louisa May Alcott on Race, Sex, and Slavery, ed. Sarah Elbert (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1997), 53–54.
“odours of orange-flowers” Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Longfellow’s Poetical Works: With 83 Illustrations by Sir John Gilbert, R.A., and Other Artists (London: George Routledge & Sons, 1883), 30.
a hint of humid sexuality LMA, Alcott on Race, Sex, and Slavery, 68.
“lifted up into humanity” Ibid., 18.
“true-blue May” Ibid., xvi.
“very nice of Mr. Swedenborg” Frederick C. Dahlstrand, Amos Bronson Alcott: An Intellectual Biography (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1982), 232.
“general evil effects” Abraham Lincoln, “Address on Colonization to a Deputation of Negroes,” August 14, 1862, http://bit.ly/1Qhsj6z
“Diviner love” LMA, Alcott on Race, Sex, and Slavery, 72–76.
“a welcome to that brotherhood” Ibid., 27.
“the weaker now” Ibid., 22–24.
“Mr——won’t have” LMA, The Journals of Louisa May Alcott, ed. Joel Myerson, Daniel Shealy, and Madeleine B. Stern (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 98.
“organized on the basis of making war” David Goldfield, America Aflame: How the Civil War Created a Nation (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2011), 161.
Chapter 13: Tree of Life
“I have sent it to Agassiz” CD, Correspondence, 8:95.
“by far the most able” Ibid., 8:106.
“You have succeeded” A. Hunter Dupree, Asa Gray: American Botanist, Friend of Darwin (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), 277.
“the best yet on the subject” Ibid., 278.
Investigations into the way AG, Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 87.
“no good to old beliefs” Ibid., 87–88.
“the new doctrine was better” Ibid., 87.
“when we consider” Ibid., 89–92.
“represented by a great tree” CD, Origin, 129.
“all living things have much in common” Ibid., 484.
“together all languages” Ibid., 422–23.
“just as philologists” AG, Darwiniana, 98.
“disfigured with smoke” CLB, “Charles Loring Brace, Diary 1853–55,” 176, NYHS.
“Last night, I slept” Ibid., 175.
“The trial of fifty years” Mason I. Lowance, Against Slavery: An Abolitionist Reader (New York: Penguin, 2000), 245.
“Slavery is a sin per se” LCLB, 67.
“silently and insensibly working” CD, Origin, 84, my emphasis.
“such casual criticism” LAG, 461.
“cut off all future immigration” Ibid., 462.
“There is danger” Charles Eliot Norton to AG, June 22, 1860, GH.
Chapter 14: A Jolt of Recognition
Thoreau copied the sentence All transcriptions are from HDT’s “Extracts Mostly upon Natural History,” holograph notes, unsigned and undated, NYPL.
“could tell accurately” HDT, 551.
“all contained in a breakfast cup!” CD, Origin, 386–87.
“Lying between the earth” HDT, 463.
“From a hill-top” Ibid., 472.
“the whole economy of nature” CD, Origin, 62.
“I expected a fauna” HDT, The Heart of Thoreau’s Journals, ed. Odell Shepard (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1927), 198.
“How simply is the fact explained” CD, Origin, 473.
“Why do precisely these objects” HDT, 502.
“We can never arrive” Alfred Russel Wallace, Island Life or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras, Including a Revision and Attempted Solution of the Problem of Geological Climates (1880; reprint New York: Macmillan, 1902), 13.
“I have not found” CD, Origin, 393.
“[The French naturalist]” Ibid.
“I love to see” HDT, 576.
“in the hollow” Ibid., 575–76.
“Every one has heard” CD, Origin, 74–75.
“Throw up a handful” Ibid., 75.
“Innumerable little streams” HDT, 565.
“stood in the laboratory” Ibid., 566.
a primordial “ur-plant” Laura Dassow Walls, Seeing New Worlds: Henry David Thoreau and Nineteenth-Century Science (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995), 35.
“the original forms of vegetation” HDT, 566.
“What is man” Ibid., 567–68.
“It is interesting to contemplate” CD, Origin, 489–90.
“leaves of goldenrod” HDT, “Nature Notes, Charts and Tables: Autograph Manuscript,” n.p., NYPL.
Chapter 15: Wildfires
“We who studied” Moncure Daniel Conway, Autobiography (London: Cassell, 1904), 1:249.
“successful writer and natural historian” “February 15, 1860,” Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7 (1859–61), 231.
“Animal representatives were as numerous” Ibid.
“made some little fling” Conway, Autobiography, 1:152–53.
“Any faith declaring” ABA, The Journals of Amos Bronson Alcott, ed. Odell Shepard (New York: Little, Brown, 1938), 680.
“grub state” RWE, “The American Scholar,” in Essays and Lectures, 61.
“He is now convinced” Ronald A. Bosco and Jillmarie Murphy, Hawthorne in His Own Time: A Biographical Chronicle of His Life (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2007), 104.
“a celebration of the principles” ABA, Diary, 50.
“‘a kind of bow-arrow tang’” HDT-CE, 458.
“Who knows but like the dog” HDT, “Wild Apples Manuscript,” n.p., NYPL.
“a web of complex relations” CD, Origin, 73.
“Many cases are on record” Ibid., 71.
“the introduction of a single tree” Ibid.
“it was beyond . . . reach” HDT, Journal, 8:22.
“the dangerous time” Ibid., 13:236.
“Science in many departments” Ibid., 13:154.
“The man’s fellow-laborer” Ibid., 13:40–41.
Chapter 16: Discord in Concord
“the dirty planet” Joan W. Goodwin, The Remarkable Mrs. Ripley: The Life of Sarah Alden Bradford Ripley (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2011), 115, 116.
“increase of population” Sean Wilentz, ed., The Best American History Essays on Lincoln (New York: Macmillan, 2008), 49.
“as coolly as Macaulay” Reprinted in Boston Daily Advertiser, March 16, 1860, col. F.
“When the struggle” Abraham Lincoln, Speeches of Abraham Lincoln: Including Inaugurals and Proclamations (New York: A. L. Burt, 1906), 290.
“blowing out the moral lights” Abraham Lincoln, “Speech at Columbus, Ohio,” September 16, 1859, in Complete Works, Comprising His Speeches, State Papers, and Miscellaneous Writings, ed. John G. Nicolay and John Hay (New York: Century, 1920), 557.
“Old John Brown” Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), 566.
“to destroy the Union” Ibid., 576.
Sanborn supplemented Walker’s history FBS to Theodore Parker, March 11, 1860, CFPL.
“has just been reading Darwin’s” Elizabeth Hoar, Mrs. Samuel Ripley (New York: Lippincott, 1877), 89.
“encompassed by a throng of men” Walter Roy Harding, The Days of Henry Thoreau (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965), 423.
“Have you ever enjoyed” Ellen Tucker Emerson, The Letters of Ellen Tucker Emerson (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1983), 1:212–13.
“a new sort of amusement” LMA, The Journals of Louisa May Alcott, ed. Joel Myerson, Daniel Shealy, and Madeleine B. Stern (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 53.
“committed to the custody” FBS, Recollections of Seventy Years (Boston: R. G. Badger, 1909), 211.
“Where are we?” “The Outrage at Concord,” Independent, April 12, 1860.
“I always hold Sanborn” Horace Traubel, With Walt Whitman in Camden (Boston: Small, Maynard, 1906), 1:285.
“the issue was met at Concord yesterday” Benjamin Hickok, The Political and Literary Careers of F. B. Sanborn, Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University, 1953, 188.
“against any Senate’s office” FBS to Theodore Parker, April 1, 1860, CFPL.
“heard the bells ringing” “Sanborn Arrest,” New York Herald, April 7, 1860.
“What we are coming to” Samuel May to Abigail Alcott, April 16, 1860, HL.
“Ours is the property invaded” Proceedings of the Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore, Published by the Order of the National Democratic Convention, (Maryland Institute, Baltimore), and Under the Supervision of the National Democratic Executive Committee. (Washington, D.C., 1860), 69.
Chapter 17: Moods
“all grace and becomingness” John Matteson, Eden’s Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 255.
“I mourn the loss” LMA, The Journals of Louisa May Alcott, ed. Joel Myerson, Daniel Shealy, and Madeleine B. Stern (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 99.
“a tall, stout woman” LMA to Anna Alcott Pratt, May 27, 1860, in The Selected Letters of Louisa May Alcott, ed. Joel Myerson and Daniel Shealy (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995), 55.
“Mr. H. is as queer as ever” Ibid., 57.
“standing betwixt man and animal” Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Marble Faun, (London: Everyman, 1995), 13.
“If you consider him well” Ibid., 17.
“It is a wonderful coincidence” Frank Preston Stearns, The Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne (J. B. Lippincott, 1906), 368–69.
“made a long stride” Ibid., 369.
“really a rise in life” Ibid., 380.
“Genius burned so fiercely” LMA, Journals of Louisa Alcott, 99.
“The husband’s charm” LMA, Moods, ed. Sarah Elbert (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161.
“a spiritual slavery” Ibid., 8.
“the pestilence of slavery” Ibid., 12.
“she received pride” Ibid., 84.
“Many acres were burning” Ibid., 39.
“Shy thing! I will tame you” Ibid., 127.
“subtler than perception” Ibid., 135.
“The trouble,” Mandelet observes Kate Chopin, The Awakening (New York: W. W. Norton, 1994), 105.
“This peaceful mood” LMA, Moods, 203.
“Mr. Emerson offered to read it” LMA, Journals of Louisa Alcott, 99.
Chapter 18: Meditations in a Garden
“restless, domineering devil” LMA, Moods, ed. Sarah Elbert (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1991), 203.
“Resistance to wrong” Dwight Lowell Dumond, Southern Editorials on Secession (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1964), 140.
“And for the Union” Ralph L. Rusk, The Letters of Ralph Waldo Emerson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1939), 5:18.
“My motto has long” Sandra Harbert Petrulionis, To Set This World Right: The Antislavery Movement in Thoreau’s Concord (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2006), 153.
“souls are alike essentially” Frederick C. Dahlstrand, Amos Bronson Alcott: An Intellectual Biography (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1982), 271.
“Individualism is brute” ABA, Diary (1861), 58.
“similar and partakers” Sidney H. Morse and Joseph B. Marvin, The Radical (Boston: A. Williams & Co., 1869), 23.
“Our thoughts are the offspring” Dahlstrand, Amos Bronson Alcott, 67.
“Truth and love” Ibid., 68.
“THE PROGRESS OF MANKIND” ABA, Diary (1860), n.p., HL.
“constitutes the ideal principle” Ibid.
“We belong now” Harry de Puy, “Amos Bronson Alcott: Natural Resource or Consecrated Crank?” American Transcendental Quarterly 1 (March 1987): 53.
“Now comes Darwin” Morse and Marvin, Radical, 23.
“Conway’s Dial has some good things” FSB to Theodore Parker, March 11, 1860, CFPL.
“The awkward, the monstrous” “Review, Darwin’s Origin of Species,” Dial 1 (March 1860): 196–97.
“however profound our ignorance” M.B.B., “Darwin’s Origin of Species,” Dial 1 (June 1860): 391–92.
“The highest types of beauty” Ibid.
“Mr. Darwin’s theory” Ibid.
“How shall we account” Ibid.
“In the year (1836)” Moncure Daniel Conway, Autobiography (London: Cassell, 1904), 1:360.
“the way upward” Ibid., 1:168.
“Our popular Christianity” Edwin C. Walker, A Sketch and an Appreciation of Moncure Daniel Conway (New York: Walker, 1908), 25.
“Evening: I am at Emerson’s” ABA, Diary (1860), 269.
Chapter 19: The Succession of Forest Trees
“under rather unfavorable auspices” “Middlesex Agricultural Series II,” CFPL.
“on Nature’s Methods of planting” ABA, Diary (1860), 311–12.
“Everyone has heard” CD, Origin, 74–75.
“Professor Agassiz corroborated” A. Hunter Dupree, Asa Gray: American Botanist, Friend of Darwin (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), 257.
“Amid the acclamations” “The Capture and Occupation of Richmond,” Papers of Military Historical Society of Massachusetts 14 (1918): 138.
“a coarse, yellow, sandy soil” Frederick Law Olmsted, The Cotton Kingdom: A Traveller’s Observations on Cotton and Slavery in the American Slave States, 1853–1861, ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger (1861; reprint New York: Da Capo Press, 1996), 52.
“I affirmed . . . confidently years ago” HDT-CE, 433.
“On the 24th of September” Ibid., 433–34.
“Nature can persuade us” Ibid., 432.
“There is a patent office” Ibid., 431.
“laws ordained by God” CD, Correspondence, 8:224.
“long extinct plants” HDT-CE, 442.
“perfect alchemists I keep” Ibid., 443.
“Yet farmers’ sons” Ibid.
Chapter 20: Races of the Old World
“Friend Thoreau” Bradley P. Dean, “Henry D. Thoreau and Horace Greeley Exchange Letters on the ‘Spontaneous Generation of Plants,’” New England Quarterly 66 (December 1993): 633–34.
“solid basis of facts” CLB, “Ethnological Fallacies,” Independent, December 20, 1860, 4.
“most severe between the individuals” CD, Origin, 75.
“A barbarous race” CLB, “Ethnological Fallacies.”
“There is nothing” CLB, The Races of the Old World: A Manual of Ethnology (London: John Murray, 1863), 310.
“one of the saddest spectacles” Ibid., 351.
“so degenerated that they have abandoned” Ibid., 475.
“two centuries of degradation” Ibid., 477.
“The African peoples” Ibid., 312.
“free-born negro children” Ibid., 477–78.
“a succession of types” Ibid., 460.
“Scarcely any marks” Ibid., 505.
“due not merely to elevation” Ibid., 234.
“color and physical traits” Ibid., 152.
“Each parent is adapted” Ibid., 490.
“the people of the Cotton States” “The Pine and Palm,” Boston and New York Pine and Palm, May 18, 1861, http://bit.ly/20hFjxL
“negro present[ed] his pure type” CLB, Races of the Old World, 502.
“There is every reason” Ibid., 492.
“less than two million blacks” Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America (New York: Macmillan, 2001), 114.
“the great design” CLB, Races of the Old World, 512–13.
Chapter 21: A Cold Shudder
he had hurled himself This description of Darwin’s activities is derived from Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: The Power of Place (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003), 2:206.
“Who shall number” CD, Correspondence, 8:160n5.
“The Lord hath delivered him” Keith Thomson, “Huxley, Wilberforce and the Oxford Museum,” American Scientist, May-June 2000, http://bit.ly/1PJd17H
“fighting like a Trojan” CD, Correspondence, 8:280.
“‘Almost thou persuadest me’” A. Hunter Dupree, Asa Gray: American Botanist, Friend of Darwin (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), 299.
“made a mistake in being a Botanist” CD, Correspondence, 8:299.
“that specific creation” Charles Eliot Norton to Asa Gray, June 22, 1860, GH.
“we must needs believe” AG, Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 92.
“I wish that you would give” Charles Eliot Norton to AG, June 22, 1860, GH.
“It does not seem probable” Ibid.
“of Gray as well as of Darwin” Ibid.
“inquire after the motives” AG, Darwiniana, 106–7.
“Why,” he asked, “should a theory” Ibid., 107–09.
Why did bird and mammal Ibid., 121–22.
“and then . . . unequivocally vegetable” Ibid., 124.
“an extraordinary degree of care” William Paley, Paley’s Natural Theology (London: Charles Knight, 1836), 1:42.
“reason tells me” CD, Origin, 186–87.
“So it does” AG’s copy of Origin, 186, GH.
“the weakest point in the book” CD, Correspondence, 8:47.
“About weak points” Ibid., 8:75.
“the most perfect of optical” AG, Darwiniana, 127.
“I see a bird” CD, Correspondence, 8:275.
“I cannot persuade myself” Ibid.
“taking a very great liberty” Ibid., 8:350.
“beyond our immediate ken” AG, Darwiniana, 129.
“a wise man’s mind” Ibid., 132.
“Most people, and some philosophers” Ibid., 133.
“Agreeing that plants” Ibid., 131.
“Darwin’s particular hypothesis” Ibid., 145.
“fortuitous or blind” Ibid., 146–47.
“concerns the order” Ibid., 149.
“may have worn their actual channels” Ibid., 148.
“Chance carries no probabilities” Ibid., 153.
Chapter 22: At Down House
“Mr Darwin has given the world” Peter Raby, Alfred Russel Wallace (London: Chatto & Windus, 2001), 151.
“What strikes me” Ibid., 168.
“long-continued and intemperate” Horace Greeley, The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860–64: Its Causes, Incidents, and Results: Intended to Exhibit Especially Its Moral and Political Phases, with the Drift and Progress of American Opinion Respecting Human Slavery from 1776 to the Close of the War for the Union (New York: O.D. Case & Co., 1864), 368.
“by a single homogenous race” Ibid., 177.
“I hope you have not murdered” Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: The Power of Place (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003), 318.
“The idea of the age” LCLB, 297.
“In attempting to conceive” CLB, “Darwinism in Germany,” North American Review 110 (June 1870): 298.
“We (Dr. Gray and I)” LCLB, 303.
“there is no drift toward the worse” Alfred Emanuel Smith and Francis Walton, New Outlook (New York: Outlook, 1875), 525.
“a letter from a clergyman” LCLB, 321.
“I never met a more simple” Ibid.
“He never stayed long” Adrian J. Desmond and James Richard Moore, Darwin (New York: W. W. Norton, 1994), 562.
“a struggle for existence on our part” LAG, 475.
“if the rebels & scoundrels” A. Hunter Dupree, Asa Gray: American Botanist, Friend of Darwin (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), 308.
“Homely, honest, ungainly Lincoln” Ibid., 309.
“The weak must go to the wall” LAG, 477.
“the South, with its accursed Slavery” CD, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin: Including an Autobiographical Chapter, ed. Sir Francis Darwin (New York: Appleton, 1898), 2:11.
“by far the best step” Dupree, Asa Gray, 299.
“I had no intention” CD, Correspondence, 8:496.
“I own I cannot see” Ibid., 8:224.
“the spirit of slavery” Waldo E. Martin, Jr., The Mind of Frederick Douglass (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1894), 247.
“anything like the full force” Dupree, Asa Gray, 280.
“It is foolish to touch” CD, Correspondence, 15:34.
“Can it be reasonably maintained” Ibid., 15:75.
“there are also mysteries” Ibid.
“the Divine it is which holds” AG, Darwinana, 390.
“We hardly should have thought” LAG, 734.
“so much indebted” LCLB, 443.
Chapter 23: The Ghost of John Brown
“Father said: ‘Emerson must see this’”: LMA, The Journals of Louisa May Alcott, ed. Joel Myerson, Daniel Shealy, and Madeleine B. Stern (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 104.
“dusk, could not stop” Ibid., 103.
“reddest apples and hardest cider” John Matteson, Eden’s Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 261.
“worked on it as busily” LMA, Journals of Louisa Alcott, 132.
“patriotic blue shirts” Ibid., 105.
“Here in Concord” Ellen Tucker Emerson, The Letters of Ellen Tucker Emerson (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1983), 1:261.
“has to choose war stories” LMA, The Selected Letters of Louisa May Alcott, ed. Joel Myerson and Daniel Shealy (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995), 72.
“so riddled with shot” Randall Fuller, From Battlefields Rising: How the Civil War Transformed American Literature (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 141.
“Daresay nothing will ever come of it” LMA, Journals of Louisa Alcott, 100.
“My dream” Matteson, Eden’s Outcasts, 349.
“This would-be Seer” Rebecca Harding Davis, Bits of Gossip (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 33–34.
“Horrid war” Matteson, Eden’s Outcasts, 282.
“as a person of surpassing sense” Oswald Garrison Villard, John Brown: 1800–1859: A Biography after Fifty Years (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910), 398.
“which our colleges fail to deliver” ABA, The Journals of Bronson Alcott, ed. Odell Shepard (New York: Little, Brown, 1938), 408.
“likeness to the Godhead” Kenneth Cameron, Concord Harvest Publications of the Concord School of Philosophy and Literature with Notes on Its Successors and Other Resources for Research in Emerson, Thoreau, Alcott and the Later Transcendentalists (Hartford, Conn.: Transcendental Books, 1970), 79.
“Any faith declaring a divorce” Matteson, Eden’s Outcasts, 374.
“Why discuss the Unknowable” Ibid., 392.
“the Negro would disappear” George M. Fredrickson, The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817–1914 (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), 236–37.
“I knew John Brown well” FBS, The Life and Letters of John Brown: Liberator of Kansas, and Martyr of Virginia (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1891), 627.
“From the first I honored him” Edward J. Renehan, Jr., Secret Six: The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 269.
Chapter 24: In the Transcendental Graveyard
“if Christ did not foresee” HDT, Journal, 14:291–92.
“fasten myself like a bloodsucker” HDT, 155.
“cast my vote for Lincoln” ABA, Diary (1860), 362.
“Confined to my room” Ibid., 368.
“No one but a botanist” HDT, Journal, 14:3.
“the unmeasured and eloquent one” Ibid., 14:117.
“I have no doubt” Ibid., 14:146.
“We are rag dolls” Loren Eiseley, The Unexpected Universe (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996), 76.
“stumps of the oaks” HDT, Journal, 14:152.
“The pines are the light infantry” Ibid., 14:150.
“drive the cattle out” Ibid., 14:151.
“the struggle between trees” Alfred Russel Wallace, Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of Its Applications (New York: Macmillan, 1889), 20–21.
“constant new creation” HDT, Journal, 14:147.
“a vulgar prejudice” Ibid., 14:311–12.
“I took a severe cold” Ibid., 14:290n1.
“the union now subsisting” Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1871–1865 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904), 1:7.
“a serious thing” ABA, The Journals of Bronson Alcott, ed. Odell Shepard (New York: Little, Brown, 1938), 333.
“I suppose that I have not many months” Walter Roy Harding, The Days of Henry Thoreau (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965), 603.
“dying with so much pleasure” Ibid.
“Elizabeth Hoar is arranging” Ibid., 604.
“This fine morning is sad” Ibid., 605.
“lying patiently & cheerfully” Fuller, From Battlefields Rising, 34.
“The scale on which his studies proceeded” RWE, The Major Prose of Ralph Waldo Emerson, ed. Ronald A. Bosco and Joel Myerson (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 2015), 467.
“A potent presence” LMA, “Thoreau’s Flute,” Atlantic Monthly 12 (September 1863), 281.
“Every pine needle expanded” HDT, 427.