Abandon: manifestations of, 440 –1
‘Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad: as Syriac universal state, 15 , 17 , 124 , 144 –5 , 263 , 389 , 425
break-up of, 15 –16 , 28 , 462 , 489
Mongols, relations with, 334 –5
slave-soldiers of, 174
Turks, relations with, 462
Umayyads, overthrow of, 489
Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo: as ghost of Baghdad Caliphate, 15 n., 16
extinction of, 17
Mamluks, relations with, 175
‘Abd-al-Aziz Al Sa’ud, 171 , 418
‘Abd-al-Karim, 461
Abraham, 386
Abyssinia: backwardness of, 161 –3
Coptic Monophysite Christians of, 161
Italian conquest of, 419
physiography of, 162
Western nations, relations with, 162 –3
Acadia, eviction of French inhabitants from, 287
Achaeans, the, 23 , 24 , 26 , 52 , 103 , 104 , 151 , 153 , 154 , 420 , 424
Achaemenian Empire: Alexander the Great’s conquest of, 17 , 332 , 342 , 373 , 382 , 388 , 423 , 425 , 537
anarchy, period of, 522
as Syriac universal state, 17 –18 , 210 , 271 , 373 , 374 , 423 , 425 , 427 , 502
break-up of,’ 17 –18 , 144 –5 , 537
expansion of, 29 –30 , 341 , 382 , 388
governing class, vein of nobility in, 373
Greece, relations with, 110 -n, 149 , 231
re-integration of, in Umayyad and ‘Abbasid Caliphates, 17
subject peoples, relations with, 423 , 537
successor-states of, 479 –80 , 516 –17 .See also under JUDAISM
Acoka Maurya, Emperor, 21 , 390 , 470 , 490 , 513 , 542
Action, field of, 248
Actium, Battle of (31 B.C.), 22
Adonis, worship of, 546
Adowa, Battle of (A.D. 1896), 162
Adrianople, Battle of (A.D. 378 ), 333 , 334
Aeschylus, 337
Afrasia, desiccation of, 69 –70 , 73 , 76
Africa, South, caste system in, 301
Africa, Tropical: absence of indigenous civilization in, 58
challenge to, from Western Civilization, 72 –3
languages of, 473
Agis IV, King of Sparta, 433 , 434
Agriculture, technique of, 195 –6
Akbar, the Timurid Emperor, 415 , 493 . 538 . 551.
Akkadian language, the, 18 , 342 , 467
‘Ala-ad-Din Khilji, Sultan, 493 , 551
Alaric I, King of the Visigoths, 409 , 410
Albanians, the, 462
Alexander t{ie Great: and stateless exiles, 376
as example of conqueror type, 371
Babylonian welcome to, 382
conquests of, 17 , 143 , 144 , 191 , 202 , 203 , 342 , 373 , 378 , 382 , 388 , 423 . 425 . 537
Indian campaign of, 389
Persians, attitude towards, 373
unity of mankind, vision of, 495 –6 , 549
Alexandria, library of, 518
Alexius I Comnenus, Emperor, 550
Alfred the Great, 122
Amanallah, King of Afghanistan, 418 , 516
America: colonization of, 96 –7 , 125 , 129 , 148
North, absence of indigenous civilization in, 58 ; see also UNITED STATES
American War of Independence, 286 –7
Ammianus Marcellinus, 333
Amorites, the, 27
Amosis, Emperor of Egypt, 361
Anatolia, 101 , 102 , 113 , 114 , 161 , 264
Anau, oasis of, 167
Andean Civilization: breakdown of, 271
environment, physical, 58 , 75
genesis of, 75
proletariat, internal, 382
universal state —see INCA EMPIRE ; Western Civilization, absorption into, 33 , 266 , 267 , 271
Angell, Norman: Europe’s Optical Illusion, 283
Angkor Wat, 59
Angles, the, 104 , 107 , 108 , 155
Anglo-Catholicism, 513
Anna Comnena, 242
Anthropology: diffusionist and uniformitarian theories, 39 –41
Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the Seleucid, 433 . 517
Antipater of Sidon: Elegy on the Death of Orpheus, cited, 547
Appalachian Mountain People, the, 148 –9 , 465
Arabic Civilization: identification of, 16
Iranic Civilization —differentiation from, 16
—incorporation into, 17
language of, 17
original home of, 20
Orthodox Christian Civilization, comparison with, 16 –17
Syriac Civilization, affiliation to, 19 –20 , 145
Arabic language, the, 17 , 186 , 470 , 472 –3
Arabs, the, 15 –16 : Primitive Muslim — conquests of, 17 –18 , 123 , 228 , 320 , 343 , 434 –5 , 461 , 488
—fratricidal strife among, 343
—unique features in history of, 424 –5 ; see also under FRANKS ; ROMAN EMPIRE ; WESTERN CIVILIZATION
Aramaeans, the, 18 , 19 , 27 , 92 , 263 , 339
Aramaic language, the, 18 , 19 , 342 , 468 –70 , 476 , 511
Araucanians, the, 414
Archaism, 431 seqq., 440 , 505 seqq. : as passive reaction to disintegration, 431
detachment in relation to, 526
futurism in relation to, 515 , 516 , 520 , 526 , 539
manifestations of, 433 seqq., 506 –15
self-defeat of, 515
violence, degeneration into, 538 –9 . See also under SAVIOURS
Aristonicus of Pergamum, 378
Aristotle: on history and fiction, 44 , 45
on slavery, 184
Politics, cited, 181
Arnold, Matthew: Culture and Anarchy, 304
barbarization and vulgarization of, 465 –7
changes in style, in relation to breakdowns of civilizations, 258 –60
futurism in, 519
Arthur, King, legend of, 223
Asshurbanipal, King of Assyria, 340 , 341
Asshurnazirpal II, King of Assyria, 264
Assyria: Aramaeans, struggle with, 339
Babylonia, relations with, 29 , 339 , 340 –3
barbarians, relations with, 385
bas-reliefs, 339
conquests of, 427
depopulation of, 342
downfall of, 18 , 19 , 29 , 338 , 341 , 387
Egypt, relations with, 339 –40 , 385
knockout blows delivered by, 341
languages of, 342
Medes, relations with, 342 , 387
militarism of, 16, 271 , 338 –43
military organization and technique of, 338 –9
Syria, relations with, 18 , 263 –4 , 340 , 385
Astrology, 315 , 446 . See also under BABYLONIC CIVILIZATION
Astronomy, 61 , 62 , 198 , 251 , 254 , 374 –5
Atatiirk, Mustafa Kemal, 178 , 259 , 510 , 519
Atawulf, King of the Visigoths, 409 , 410
Atheno-Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.), 191 , 194 , 202 –3 , 258 , 262 , 297 , 311 , 349 , 367 , 549
Athens: as education of Hellas, 4 –5 , 90 , 149 , 189 , 311 , 312
breakdown of, 311
denudation of soil, response to, 90
Great Power status, renunciation of, 231
international order, failure to establish, 296
Maccdon, conflict with, 194 , 231
military technique of, 332
Navy, 202
Persian invasion, response to, 110 –11 , 149 , 231
political organization in. 295
population problem, response to, 4 , 189 , 294
promiscuity, examples of, 456 –7 , 458
Sparta —contrast with, 182
trade, development of, 4 , 90 , 294
withdrawal and return of, 230 –1 , 233 –4
Atlantic Ocean, discovery of, 92 , 263
Atomic energy, 554
Attica, political unification of, 517 . See also ATHENS
Attis, worship of, 546
Augsburg, Treaty of(A.D. 1555), 482
Augustine, Saint. Archbishop of
Augustine. Saint, Bishop of Hippo, De Civitate Dei, cited, 409
Augustus (C. lulius Octavianus), Emperor, 495 , 501 , 506 , 513 , 535 , 536 , 549 . 552
Aurelian, Emperor, 484
Austrasia, 13 , 117 , 118 , 320 , 344
Austria, 120 .See also HAPSBURO MONARCHY
Avars, the, 117 , 152 , 172 , 173
Awrangzïb, Timurid Emperor, 490 , 537 , 538
Bâbur, Zahïr-ad-DIn Muhammad, of Farghâna, the Timurid, 28
Babylonia: Achaemenean conquest of, 29 –30 , 382 , 388
Amorite régime in, 27
deportation, practice of, 385
Medes, relations with, 341
—as Babylonic universal state, 373 –4 . 387 , 388 .See also under ASSYRIA ; NEBUCHADNEZZAR
Babylonic Civilization: abandon and self-control in, 441
astral philosophy of, 251 , 374 –5 . 441 . 446 . 477 , 498
barbarians, pressure of, 339
breakdown of, 271
challenges, response to, 340 –1
disintegration of, 29 –30 , 385 –8 , 427 , 441 , 469 –70
Egyptiac Civilization, contact with, 385
expansion of, 385
genesis of, 78
Hittite Civilization, apparentation of, 392
home of, 78
law, concept of, 499
minority, dominant, 427
proletariat, internal, 386 –7 , 427
promiscuity, examples of, 469 –70
religions of, 386 , 387 , 392 , 497 , 498 , 501 –4
Sumeric Civilization, relation to, 29 , 78 , 392
Syriac Civilization —absorption by, 266 , 267 , 271 , 427
time of troubles, 387
unity, sense of, 498
universal state — see under BABYLONIA
Bactria, Kingdom of, 21 , 22 , 390 , 391 , 425
Bagehot, Walter, 278 ; Physics and Politics, cited, 49 , 224
Baghdad, sack of (A.D. 1258), 334 –5
Bahr-al-Ghazzal, basin of, 71
Balance of Power, the, 3 , 232 –3
Balkan Peninsula, the, 101
Barbarians : alien cultural tinge, effects of, 423 –5
as hostages and mercenaries, 461 –2
assimilation of, by civilizations, 117 –18 , 121 , 123 , 158 , 418
challenge to, from civilizations, 142 , 151 –4
elimination of, question of, 418 –19
militarism of, 343
religion of
—creation of new pantheons, 411 –12 , 424
—higher religions, conversion to, 153 seqq., 424
—schismatic
S.h.—20 form of higher religions, 410 –11 , 416
war-bands as mark of disintegration, 368 . See also under ENGLAND ; GREECE , ancient; PROLETARIAT , external; ROMAN EMPIRE ; ROMAN STATE ; SOCIETIES , primitive; VÖLKERWANDERUNGEN ; and under names of civilizations
Bar K6kabä, 378 , 521 , 522 , 523
Bassianus, Varius Avitus, Emperor, see ELAGABALUS
Bätü Khan, 114
Bayeux Tapestry, the, 334
Bäyezid I ‘Osmanll, Sultan, 109
Baynes, Prof. N. H.: Constantine the Great and the Christian Church, 489
Bektäshi Movement, the, 384
Belshazzar, Emperor of Neo-Babylo-nian Empire, 388
Beowulf, 412
Berber language, the, 186
Bergson, H.: Les Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion, cited, 211 –13 , 215 –16 , 467
Bevan, Edwyn: Jerusalem under the High Priests, 526
Stoics and Sceptics, cited, 528 –9
Bogomilism, 416
Boniface VIII, Pope, 354
Brazil, 147
Bridges, Robert: The Testament of Beauty, cited, 267 , 353
British Empire, the, 319
British Israelites, the, 53
Browne, E. G.: A Literary History of Persia, cited, 334
Browning, Robert: A Grammarian’s Funeral, cited, 552
Cleon, cited, 453
Brusa, 113
Brutus, Marcus, 436
Bryce, James: The Holy Roman Empire, cited, 223 –4
Buddha, the,see GAUTAMA
Buddhism: as revolt against caste system, 302
detachment, practice of, 438 , 439 , 527
Hinayanian
—as fossil of Indie Civilization, 8 , 23 , 361 , 391
—failure of, to become state philosophy of Indie world, 490
Hinduism, relation to, 477 : Karma, doctrine of, 447 –8 , 498
law in relation to, 498 : Mahayanian
—art of, 467
—as Sinic Universal Church, 21 , 22
—distinguishing features of, 390 –1
—elements in, 391
—in Central Asia, 22 , 390 , 391
—in Far East, 21 , 22 , 262 , 382 , 391 –2 , 399 , 514 . 515
—Lamaistic, 8 , 23 , 346 , 361
Nirvana, conception of, 390 , 438 , 439 , 532
Bulgarians, the, 161 , 264 , 268 , 321 , 367 , 550
Bunyan, John: Pilgrim’s Progress, cited, 554
Burnes, Alexander, 415
Busbecq, Ogier Ghiselin de, cited, 176 –7
Butler, Joseph: The Analogy of Religion, cited, 486
Butler, Samuel: Erewhon, 185 , 366 , 455
Cain and Abel, story of, 66 , 115 n ., 168 , 171
Calmucks, the, 346
Cambodia, 59
Campagna: Capuan, 85
Roman, 84
Canada, French inhabitants of, 287
Cannae, Battle of (214 B.C.), 333
Capua, 85
Caracalla (M. Aurelius Antoninus), Emperor, 459
Carchemish, Battle of (605 B.C.), 341
Carolina, North and South, 315 –16
Carolingian Empire, the: as ghost of Roman Empire, 104 , 116 –17
decline of, 342
ephemeral nature of, 157
expansion of, 117 : Merovingian Empire, relation to, 13
partition of, 9 .See also CHARLEMAGNE
Carrhae, Battle of (53 B.C.), 195 , 333
Carr-Saunders, A. M.: The Population Problem, cited, 197
Carthage, 93 , 103 , 109 , 123 , 202 –3
Caste system, the, 128 , 181 seqq., 301 –3 , 324 –5
Castile, overseas expansion of, 123 –4
Catholic Church, the: Councils, oecumenical, 298
Far Western Christianity, competition with, 155 –6
Hellenism, relation to, 389 , 426 , 477 , 479 . 530
martyrdom and truancy, examples of, 442 –3
schism of, into Roman Catholic and Orthodox, 15 .See also ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Catiline (Lucius Sergius Catilina), 379
Cato Minor (M. Porcius Cato Uticensis), 435 –6
Cave, the, simile of, 218
Cavour, Count Camillo Benso di, 314
Celts, the, 121 –2 , 142 –3 , 152 –3 , 154 –6 , 157 –8 .See also FAR WESTERN CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION
Chaeronea, Battle of, 194 , 332
Chalcis, 4
Chaldaeans, the, 340 , 427 , 446 , 498
Challenge-and-Response: action of—mythological illustrations of, 60 seqq., 99
—unknown factor in, 61 , 67 –8
diminishing returns, law of, 145 seqq., 152 –4
disintegration, active and passive responses to, 429 seqq.
excessive challenges, 140 seqq.
human environment, challenges from, 77 , 108 seqq.
—alien population, rule over, 172
—population, excess of, 4 , 178 –9 , 188 –9
internal challenges, 199 seqq.
migration, 103 seqq.;
optimum degree of severity, 140 , 145 –6 , 147 , 148 , 153 , 160 , 187
physical environment, challenges from—barren country, 75 , 78 , 81 , 82 , 90 , 94 –5 , 99 , 146
—cold, 66 –7 , 70 , 78 , 79 , 99 , 141 , 148 , 165 –6
—desiccation, 69 –70 , 73 . 75 . 76 , 166 seqq.;
—river valleys, 70 –2 , 74 , 99 , 207
—sea, 75 –9 , 83 , 92 –3 , 165
—temperate forest, 78 , 79 , 141
successive challenges, 3 –4 , 187 seqq., 199 , 201 –2 , 241 , 307 seqq., 317 , 323 , 363 , 548
unanswered challenges, 363 –4 , 548 . See also under ATHENS ; BARBARIANS ; CHRISTIANITY ; and under names of civilizations
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 53
Chance: Necessity, relation to, 444 , 446
Chandragupta Maurya, Emperor, 21
Chanson de Roland, 412
Charlemagne: achievements of, 117
as Holy Roman Emperor, 9
campaigns of, 117 , 118 , 123 , 157 , 344 , 413
failure of, 320
militarism of, 344 .See also CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE
Ch’ien Lung, Emperor, 37
Childe, V. G.: The Most Ancient East, cited, 68 –9 , 72
China: contending states, period of, 263
dynasties—Chin, 550 ; — Ch’u 550
—Manchu, 426
—Ts’i, 550
Great Wall, 536
languages of, 472
T’aip’ing Movement, 384
Westernization, reaction against, 273 .See also FAR EASTERN CIVILIZATION ; MONGOLS
Christ: Ascension of, 111
as new kind of man, 221
crucifixion of, 528 , 529 , 544 , 545
death of, prediction of, 379
humanity of, 530
incarnation of, 532
kingship of, 529
Messiahship of, 526
rejection of, by Jews, 310 , 485
reversal of roles illustrated from life of, 38
second coming of, 222 , 223 , 224
trials of, 529
withdrawal and return of, 222 , 531
Christianity: elements in—Hellenic, 20 , 476 –7 , 479
genesis of, 10 , 20 , 385 , 389 , 427
gentle response to challenges, 379 –30 , 389
God, conception of, 502 –4 , 529 –30
Gospels, philosophic implications of language of, 476 –7
Judaism, relation to, 386 , 477 , 502 , 503
Negroes’ rediscovery of, 129 , 402 –3
parochialism in relation to, 299
Primitive Church, 468
propagation of, 99 , 111 , 154 –5 , 157 , 159 , 531
sins, forgiveness of, 383
syncretism of, with other religions, 302 , 384
toleration and intolerance in history of, 300 –1 .See also ANGLO -CATHOLICISM ; ARIAN CHRISTIANITY ; CATHOLIC CHURCH ; ISLAM ; JAPAN ; MONOPHYSITE CHRISTIANITY ; NESTORIAN CHRISTIANITY ; ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY ; PROTESTANT CHURCHES ; ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ; ROMAN EMPIRE ; WESTERN CIVILIZATION
Churches, universal: as mark of disintegration, 368
as representatives of species of sqciety distinct from civilizations, 368
as tokens of apparentation and affiliation, 12 , 24
destiny of, 558 . See also BUDDHISM ; CRISTIANITY ; HINDUISM ; ISLAM
Civilization, unity of, 36 –41
Civilizations: abortive, 153 –60 , 164 , 272 . See also under FAR WESTERN CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION ; SCANDINAVIANS
arrested, 164 –86 , 193 –4 , 244 , 266 , 272 , 278 , 324 , 326 –7 , 360 . See also under ESKIMOS ; NOMADS ; OTTOMAN EMPIRE ; POLYNESIAN CIVILIZATION SPARTA .
as intelligible fields of historical study, 6 seqq., 248 , 420 –1 , 428
creativity, nemesis of, 307 –36
deterministic theories, 247 –54
disintegration in relation to, 360 , 367
‘horizontal’ schisms in relation to, 365
intrusion of one civilization on another as a sign of, 245
loss of command over human environment, 260 –72
loss of command over physical environment, 255 –60
racial degeneration in relation to, 248 –51
self-determination, failure of, 275 –359 . See also under names of civilizations.
comparability of, 35 seqq., 41 –3
contacts between, 404 , 421 , 428 . See also under names of civilizations
contemporaneity, philosophical, of, 42 –3
dead trunks of, 30 , 33 , 261 , 360 –1
disintegration of, 190 , 244 , 360 –558
command of environment in relation to, 364
extraneous social elements introduced during, 421
growth, contrast with, 363 , 364 , 367 , 431 , 548 , 555
individuals in relation to, 533 –54
mimesis, function of, 405 , 406
nature of, 360 seqq.
radiation in relation to, 405 –6
religious enlightenment in relation to, 386
rhythm of, 369 , 548 seqq.; schisms—horizontal, 365 seqq.
—in soul, 367 , 429 –532 , 555
vertical, 365
Schism-and-Palingenesia, 367 –70
standardization through, 367 , 555 –8 . See also above under breakdowns and below under expansion rout-rally-relapse and under ABANDON ; ARCHAISM ; CHALLENGE-AND -RESPONSE ; DETACHMENT ; DRIFT ; FUTURISM ; MARTYRDOM ; MINORITIES , dominant; PROLETARIATS ; PROMISCUITY ; SELF -CONTROL ; SIN ; TRANSFIGURATION ; TRUANCY ; UNITY ; also under names of civilizations.
egocentric illusions of, 37
equivalence, philosophical, of, 42 –3
expansion of: growth in relation to, 189 –90
militarism in relation to, 190 . See also under names of civilizations.
geneses of: as function of interaction, 60 seqq., 76
diffusion and uniformity theories, 39 –41
environment in relation to, 55 –9 , 61 , 66 , 67
of unrelated societies, 68 –77
problem of, 48 seqq.
transition from static condition to dynamic activity, 49 –51 , 77 . See also under CHALLENGE -AND -RESPONSE ; ENVIRONMENT ; PROLETARIAT ; and under names of civilizations.
geographical displacement of affiliated from apparented, 9 –10 , 15 , 20 , 78 , 100 seqq.
differentiation arising from, 241 –3 , 367
environment in relation to, 189
etherialization in relation to, 198 seqq.] individuals, function of, 209 seqq.; length of span of, 367
mimesis, function of, 215 seqq., 241 , 405
minorities, creative, function of, 214 seqq.; nature of, 187 –208 , 363
progressive self-determination in relation to, 198 seqq., 209
radiation in relation to, 404 –6
technological classification, inadequacy of, 192 seqq. See also above under disintegration expansion; under WITHDRAWAL -AND -RETURN ; and under names of civilizations.
relation to one another: absorption of one by another, 265 –6 , 551
apparentation-and-affiliation, 10 seqq., 48 , 265 , 365 , 557
unrelated, 48 .See also under names of civilizations.
rout-rally-relapse of, 261 , 548 –54
table of, 566
times of troubles — see under names of civilizations.
See also under SOCIETIES , Primitive
Claudian of Alexandria: De Consulatu Stilichorris, cited, 423
Clearchus the Spartiate, 377
Cleisthenes the Alcmaeonid, 517
Cleomenes I, King of Sparta, 231
Cleomenes III, King of Sparta, 434
Cleon the Athenian, 307
Climbers, simile of, 49 –51 , 64 –5 , 165 , 243 . 245
Clive, Robert, 420
Clovis, King of the Franks, 410 , 494
Cnossos, sack of, 462
Cole, G. D. H.: Social Theory, cited, 211
Commodus, L. Aurelius, Emperor, 442 , 459
— and private property, 291
—apocalyptic character of, 368 , 369
—Christian and Jewish elements in, 399 –400
—militancy of, 368
—Pre-destinarianism in relation to, 449 –50
—violence of, 399
Nationalism in relation to, 400 . See also under UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ; WESTERN CIVILIZATION
Confucianism, 375 , 475 , 507 , 514
Constance, Council of(A.D. 1414–18), 298
Constantine I, the Great (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus), Emperor, 489 , 494
Constantine V, Emperor, 490
Constantinople, sieges of, 161 , 264 , 319
Constantius I Chlorus (Flavius Valerius Constantius), Emperor, 484
Copaic Marshes, the, 257 , 258
Corinthian League, the, 363
Cossacks, the, 115 , 345 , 346
Creativity, nemesis of, 307 –36
Cricy, Battle of, 335
Croesus, 407
Crusades, the, 17 , 158 , 192 , 264 , 351 –2
Cybele, worship of, 381 , 425 , 441 , 504
Cyprian, Saint (Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus), 247
Cyrus II the Achaemenid, the Great, 30 , 85 –6 , 525 , 529 , 535
Cyrus the Younger, the Achaemenid Prince, 338 , 377
Daniel, Book of, 500
Dante Alighieri, 230
Danube, valley of the, 59
David and Goliath, legend of, 331 , 337 –8 . 450
Delaware Prophet, the, 417
Delian League, the, 297
Demetrius, King of Bactria, 21
Democracy, 214 , 238 , 239 , 281 seqq., 291 –3
Democritus of Abdera, 446
Demolins, M. Edmond: Comment la route crée le type social, cited, 199
Detachment: as manifestation of growth, 531
as passive reaction to disintegration, 451
manifestations of, 435 seqq.; nature of, 438 , 526
salvation in relation to, 540 –1
self-stultification of, 527
transfiguration in relation to, 438 , 439 , 531 .See also under ARCHAISM
BUDDHISM
Determinism : economic, 446 –7
physical, 446
psychical, 447
theories of, 247 seqq., 369 , 375 , 400 , 446 , 449 . 45 o
Devil, the, encounter with God, 63 , 65
Dickens, Charles, 303
Dïn Ilâhï, the, 493
Diocletian, Emperor, 549
Diogenes, 481
Drift, sense of: as passive way of feeling in disintegrating societies, 430 , 444
manifestations of, 444 seqq.
purposefulness in relation to, 448 –50
sense of sin in relation to, 451
‘Drive’, problem of, 206 –7 , 285 , 289 –91 , 333
Drummond, H.: Tropical Africa, cited, 87
Dungi, Emperor of Sumer and Akkad, 484
East Roman Empire : army corps, 114
as ghost of Roman Empire, 16 , 161 , 319
break-up of, 462
Bulgarians, relations with, 161 , 264 , 268 , 321 , 367 , 550
foundation of, 320
interregnum between Roman Empire and, 319 –20
Orthodox Church, relations with, 321
“Osmanlis, relation with, 264
time-span of, 319
East, unchanging, Western misconceptions regarding, 37 –8
Education, impact of democracy on, 291 –3
Egypt: Ayyubid régime in, 174
dynasties—fourth, 30
—eleventh, 374
—nineteenth, 326
—twentieth, 326
French language, use of, 472
Middle Empire, as Egyptiac universal state, 361 , 374
New Empire, 23 , 325 , 386 , 456 , 502
Old Kingdom, 268
Pharaohs, deification of, 322 , 324
political administration, 30 , 112
pre-Dynastic Age, 30
Pyramids, significance of, 30 , 32 , 207 , 322
United Kingdom of, 31 , 112 , 348 .See also under ASSYRIA ; HYKSOS
Egyptiac Civilization: as dead trunk, 30 . 33 . 261 n ., 360 –1
Babylonic Civilization, intrusion of, 385
barbarians, pressure of, 23 , 28 , 31 , 112 , 326 , 348 , 424 , 502
breakdown of, 268 , 272 , 322 , 324 , 326 , 360
challenges presented to, 207 , 272 –3
culture—art, 30 , 33 , 241 , 348
—poetry, 33
diffusion of, misconceptions regarding, 39 –40
engineering achievements of, 30
environment, physical, 30 , 56 , 57 –8 , 70 –2 , 207
genesis of, 30 , 57 –8 , 68 –73 , 361
Hellenic Civilization, intrusion of, 273 , 425
Hittite Civilization, relations with, 29
interregnum, abortive, 31 , 272 –3 , 360
marches, part played by, 112 , 348
military technique of, 456
proletariat, internal, 31 , 32
promiscuity, sense of, 456 , 477 –8
religion—Amon-Re, cult of, 497 , 501 –4
—Atonian monotheism, 33 , 300 , 492
—Isis, cult of, 127 , 381 , 392
—Osiris, cult of, 30 seqq., 392 , 425 , 455 , 476 –7
—priesthood, power of, 325 –6 , 477 –8
sin, sense of, 451
Syriac Civilization—absorption by, 266 , 267 , 268
— contact with, 93
time of troubles, 360 , 444 , 451
time-span of, 30 , 241 , 360 –1
universal churches, abortive, 32 –3
universal state, 31 , 33 , 112 , 361 , 374
zenith of, 30
Elagabalus (Varius Avitus Bassianus), Emperor, 491
England : as march of Western World, 348
barbarians, invasion of, 2 , 107 –8
centre of gravity of, 123
colonization by, 1 , 2 , 96 –7
conversion to Western Christianity, 6 , 155 –6
constitutional government, development of, 236 –9
despotism, response to challenge of, 236 –7
epic poetry of, 106 , 123 , 412
France, relations with, 235 , 348
function of, in Western history, 107 –8 , 235 seqq., 294
Ireland, relations with, 155 –6 , 413 , 490 , 509
Jews, position of, 136 and n., 137
Kingdom of, genesis of, 121 –3
Norman conquest, 2 , 108 , 123
Papacy, relations with, 354
parliamentary system, 294 , 322 –4
Protestant Nonconformists, reaction to penalization, 129
physiography of, 235
Scandinavian invasions, 108 , 123 , 156 , 158
Scotland
—contrast with, 95
—relations with, 494
withdrawal and return of, 235 –9 . See also GREAT BRITAIN
English language, the, 198 , 472 , 510 –11
Environment: geneses of civilizations not explained by, 55 –9
Hellenic theory regarding, 55 –6 , 68
physical—compensation for in human environment, 140 –1
—difficult, stimulus of, 68 seqq., 74 , 88 seqq.
—easy, demoralizing effects of, 85 –7
—loss of command over, 255 –60
—new ground, stimulus of, 99 seqq., 316 . See also under CHALLENGE -AND -RESPONSE ; CIVILIZATIONS : geneses, growth
and under names of civilizations
Epictetus of Hierapolis, 481 , 496
Dissertations, cited, 527
Esarhaddon, King of Assyria, 340
Eskimos: absorption of, by Western Civilization, 266
adaptation to physical environment, 165 –6
animals, use of, 181
as arrested civilization, 165 –6
challenges presented to, 141
technique, idolization of, 327
Essenes, the, 441
Etherialization, 198 seqq., 230 , 329 , 530
Ethiopia — See ABYSSINIA
Etruscans, the, 103 –4 , 142 , 152 , 251
Evans, Sir Arthur: The Earlier Religion of Greece in the Light of Cretan Discoveries, cited, 24 –5
Evolution, 41 , 49 , 197 , 209 , 253 , 327 –30
Ewing, Sir Alfred, cited, 206 –7
Far Eastern Civilization, main body of: as dead trunk, 361
challenges, response to, 273
disintegration of, 245 , 361 , 383
egocentric illusions of, 37
geographical range of, 22
litterati, power of, 325
new ground, stimulus of, 103
proletariat, internal, 384
promiscuity, examples of, 457 –60
religion of, 426
Sinic Civilization, affiliation to, 22
universal state — See under MANCHU EMPIRE ; MONGOL EMPIRE
Western Civilization—absorption by, 266 , 268
—contact with, 273 . See also CHINA
Far Eastern Civilization, Japanese branch of: archaism, examples of, 514 –15
barbarians, conquest of, 382
disintegration of, 245
environment, physical, 79
proletariat, internal, 382
religions of, 382 –3 , 514 –15
time of troubles, 270 , 382 , 426 , 514
transplantation of, 103
universal state of, 382 .See also under JAPAN : Tokugawa Shogunate
Western Civilization
—contact with, 268 , 269 , 373
Far Western Christian Civilization, 154 –6 , 509
achievements of, 416
history of, hypothetical, 6
originality of, 411
Scandinavians, impact of, 156
Western Civilization, contact with, 121 , 154 –6 , 413 , 416 .See also under CELTS ; IRELAND
Feudal System, the, 2 , 6 , 123 , 202 , 234
Fiction, relation of, to history, 43 –7 , 211
Fïrûz Shah Taghlâqi, 551
Fisher, H. A. L.: History of Europe, cited, 444 –5
Fitzgerald, E.: Rubd’iyat of Omar Khayydm, cited, 450
Foundling, the, myth of, 221 –2
France: administrative unification of, 517
centres of gravity of, 123
economic position and policy of, 288 , 445
Kingdom of, genesis of, 123
military capacity and organization of, 336
Napoleonic Empire, 470 –1 , 552
Papacy, relations with, 354
race, theories regarding, 52 –3
religious policy of, 486 , 493 –4
Revolution (1789), 280 , 288 , 290 , 294 , 493 , 507 , 517 , 553
Revolutionary calendar, 39 n .
Scandinavian invasions of, 123 , 156 , 158 .See also under ENGLAND
Franks, the: Arabs, conflict with, 123 –4 , 344
Catholicism, conversion to, 410
epic poetry of, 412
‘Freshwater’ and ‘Salt-water’, 134 –5
Goths, conflict with, 464
Lombards, relations with, 344
race theories regarding, 52 –3
Saxons, struggle with, 344 .See also under AUSTRASIA ; CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE ; CHARLEMAGNE ; CLOVIS
Frederick I Hohenstaufen (Barba-rossa), Emperor, 223 –4
Frederick II Hohenstaufen, Emperor, 353 . 354 . 358
Frederick II Hohenzollern, the Great, King of Prussia, 336 , 542
Freeman, E. A. : Comparative Politics, cited, 40 –1
Frontiers, absence of, in growth phase of civilizations, 404 . See also under PROLETARIAT , external; ROMAN EMPIRE
Futurism: as active reaction to disintegration, 431
definition of, 432
iconoclasm in relation to, 519 –20
manifestations of, 433 seqq., 516 –20
Satanism in relation to, 432 –3
transfiguration, relation to, 516 , 526
violence, degeneration into, 538 –9 .See also under ARCHAISM ; SAVIOURS
Gamaliel, 379
Gambetta, Léon, 301
Gandhi, Mahatma, 205 , 303 , 384 , 401
Garstin, Sir William: Report upon the Basin of the Upper Nile, cited, 71
Gauls, the, 52
Gautama, Siddhartha, the Buddha, 21 , 227 , 302 , 375 , 390 , 542
Genesis, Book of, 60 , 62 , 65 –6 , 99
Genoa, 313
Georgian language, the, 518
Germany: autocracy in, 294
economic position and policy of, 288
intellectual proletariat in, 396
military capacity and technique of, 336
National Socialism, 110 and 111 , 396 , 400 , 419 , 507 , 518 –19 , 539
Papacy, relations with, 354
reaction of, to defeat in 1918, no
religious policy of, 485 .See also under PRUSSIA
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, cited, 123 , 125 , 159 , 285 , 459
Gilbert, Sir W. S., 303
Giraldus Cambrensis, 350
Gobineau, Comte de, racial theories of, 523
God: Christian conception of, 502 –4 , 529 –30
creative activity, renewal of, 65 , 67
immanence of, 529
Jewish conception of, 310 , 500 , 501 –4 , 523
Kingdom of, 525 –6 , 529 , 532
Life as essence of, 503
limitation on powers of, 63 –4
Love as essence of, 530
omnipresence and omnipotence of, 502 , 505 , 529
unity of, perception of, 497 , 499 –505 , 524 –5
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: Faust —plot of as illustration of Challenge-and-Response, 60 seqq.
Goths, the, 143 , 464 .See also OSTROGOTHS ; VISIGOTHS
Gracchi, the, 150 , 296 , 433 , 434 , 506 , 539
Graeco-Turkish Wars: Anatolian (A.D. 1921–2), 120 , 132
Independence (A.D. 1821–9), 133
Gratian (Flavius Gratianus Augustus), Emperor, 463
Great Britain: Act of Union (A.D. 1707), 494
as a field of historical study, 1 –3 , 6 –7
Crown and Parliament, relations between, 507
economic position and policy of, 288 –90 , 330 , 445
position of, inA.D. 1938, 322
religious policy of, 486 , 487 , 490 , 494 , 513
technological conservatism of, 330 .See also ENGLAND ; SCOTLAND ; INDIA
Greece, ancient: Achaemenian Empire, relations with, 110 –11 , 149 , 190 , 202 , 231 , 272 , 537
agriculture, technique of, 195 –6
avavaia, attitude towards, 305 –6
barbarians, relations with, 407 –8
city states —establishment of, 107
—failure of, to provide political framework on oecumenical scale, 296 , 317 –18 , 363
—federation of, 297 , 363 , 549
—mercenaries, part played by, 462
—political organization of, 107 , 295
—see also ATHENS ; COR-CYRA ; CORINTH ; SPARTA
class-war in, 376
colonization by, 4 , 55 , 90 –1 , 103 , 107 , 179 , 184 , 188 , 202 , 230 –1 , 251
economic revolution, 4 , 90 , 189 , 294 –5 . 317 , 363
iSiiurijr, attitude to, 303
malaria in, 258
population, decline of, 258
population pressure, response to challenge of, 4 –5 , 178 –9 , 188 –9 , 190 , 202 , 230 . See also HELLENIC CIVILIZATION
Greece, modern: archaism in, 511
nationalist aspirations, incompatibility of diverse, 132
Turkey, antithesis with, misconceptions regarding, 133
Greek language, the, 186 , 198 , 469 , 476 . 477 , 508 , 511 , 512 –13
Greenland, 146
Gregory I, the Great, Pope, 226 –7 , 250 , 290 , 410
Gregory VII, Pope
and Investiture controversy, 356 –8
death of, 353
Emperor, relations with, 353 , 355
Gronbech, V.: The Culture of the Teutons, cited, 105
Guild Socialism, 539
Gurkhas, the, 463
Hadrian, Emperor, 501 , 508 , 536
Haile Selassie, Emperor of Abyssinia, 163
Hamilcar Barca, 109
Hammond, J. L. and B.: The Rise of Modern Industry, cited, 3
Hammurabi, Emperor, 28 , 29 , 262 , 386 , 484 , 550
Han Empire: as reintegrated Sinic universal state, 21 , 372 , 373 , 464
break-up of, 21
successor states of, 464
Hannibal, 85 , 93 , 109 , 123 , 143 , 149
Hanseatic League, the, 117 , 235
Han Wuti, Emperor of China, 494 , 536
Hapsburg Monarchy: as universal state, 416
Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich, 120
Bosniaks, relations with, 416 –17
break-up of, 119 , 120 , 288 –9
dynastic marriages of, 286
foundation of, 119
Ottoman Empire, relations with, 118 –20 , 131 , 203 , 416 , 536 –7
reaction of, to Napoleonic aggression.See also under ITALY ; VIENNA
Hardy, Thomas: The Dynasts, 430
Heard, Gerald: The Ascent of Humanity, cited, 199
The Source of Civilization, cited, 327 –8 , 329 –30
Hebrew language, the, 508 , 511 –12
Hebrews, the, 26 –7 , 93 , 263 . See also ISRAELITES ; JEWS
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 399
Hellenic Civilization: abandon, examples of, 440 –1 .
archaism, examples of, 506 , 508 , 512 –14 , 539
articulation into local states, 12
Atticistic Age, 312 n .
breakdown of, 191 , 194 , 203 , 219 , 257 –8 , 260 –2 , 296 –7 , 311 , 317 , 367 , 408 , 452 , 466 , 549
challenges presented to, 4 –5 , 90 , 178 –9 , 187 –90 , 202 –3 , 230 –1 , 272 , 363
Cosmopolis, conception of, 549
culture of: architecture, 90 , 111 , 259 , 260
art, 90 , 181 , 241 , 466 , 467 , 508
drama, 106 , 309 , 337 , 466 , 545
literature, 160 , 412 , 473 , 512 –13
music, 466
mythology, 473
philosophy, 183 –4 , 219 –20 , 247 , 371 –2 , 375 , 435 –6 , 438 , 440 , 446 , 474 , 479 –82 , 496 , 526 –9 , 540 –2 , 549
radiation of, 142 , 157 , 184 , 227 , 407 –8 .
dead trunk, question of, 361 –2 .
detachment, examples of, 435 –6 , 526 –7 , 540
disintegration of, 10 –12 , 14 , 153 –4 , 184 –5 , 191 , 194 , 197 , 225 , 244 , 247 , 256 , 261 , 408 , 427 , 433 seqq., 442 , 446 , 469 , 474 –6 . 492 , 506 , 532 , 549
egocentric illusions of, 38 –9
Egyptiac Civilization, contact with, 273 , 425
environment, physical, 78 , 84 , 89 –90
esotericism, examples of , 300
expansion of, 4 , 55 , 90 –1 , 103 , 179 , 184 , 188 , 190 –2 , 202 , 251 , 295 , 317 –18 , 408
futurism, examples of, 436 –7 , 517 , 520 –1
genesis of, 78 , 151 , 154 , 187 –8 , 367 , 424
growth of, 190 –1 , 194 , 202 , 407
Hellenistic Age, the, 312 and n.
Hittite Civilization, absorption of, 381 . home of, 89
Indian Summer of, 184 , 261 , 371 , 508
Indie Civilization, intrusion on, 20 –1 , 23 , 389 –91 . 425
interregnum following, 12 , 13 , 101 , 250
migration overseas, stimulus of, 103 –4
military technique of, 194 –5 , 332 seqq., 456 , 457
Minoan Civilization, relation to, 23 –7
minority, creative, 366
minority, dominant, 10 –13 , 38 , 452 –3
creative achievements of, 366 , 374
death agony of, 442
intellectual exclusiveness of, 453
receptivity of, 453 , 456 .See also below under Proletariat
Necessity, dogma of omnipotence of, 446
new ground, stimulus of, 102
Orthodox Christian Civilization, apparentation to, 15
proletariat, external, 11 –13 , 142 , 424 , 442 , 463 –4
break-through by, 152 –3 , 408 , 442
creative achievements of, 410 –11
dominant minority—breaking down of barriers with, 463 –4
gentleness displayed by, 409 –10
military frontiers against, 408
proletariat, internal, 11 –13 , 38 , 376 seqq.
creative achievements of, 153 . 307 , 389 , 425 , 442
dominant minority, secession from, 365
elements in, 126 –7 , 376 seqq., 425
reactions of, violent or gentle, 378 –81
promiscuity, examples of, 456 –7 , 461 –2 , 463 –4 , 469 , 473 seqq., 492
art in relation to, 476
Caesar-worship, 380 –1 , 483 –4
Chance, worship of, 444
Cybele, worship of, 127 , 128 , 381 , 504
imposition from above, 482 seqq.
Isis, worship of, 127 , 203 , 381 , 392 , 504
Minoan influence, question of, 24 –5
Mithraism, 127 , 203 , 381 , 389 , 425 , 427 , 477 , 504
Mysteries, 25 , 26 , 221 , 223
Olympian Pantheon, 24 , 26 , 151 , 411 , 454 , 473 , 491 , 498 , 501
Orphism, 26 , 381 , 452 , 454 , 492
Serapis, worship of, 492
Sun-worship, 484
syncretism with philosophy, 476 –7 , 479 –82
saviours: archaist, 539
self-control, examples of, 440 –1
Syriac Civilization: contact with, 203
intrusion on, 17 , 22 –3 , 123 , 143 –4 , 263 , 378 , 385 , 388 , 389 , 391 , 425 , 518
Time of Troubles, 12 , 22 , 26 , 261 , 270 , 365 , 444 , 532 , 540 , 552
time-span of, 241
transfiguration, examples of, 435 –8
truancy, examples of, 442
unity, sense of, 495 –6 , 498 , 504
universal church,see CHRISTIANITY
universal state,see ROMAN EMPIRE
Western Civilization: apparentation to, 10 –15 , 353 , 365
influence on, 454
See also GREECE , ancient; MACEDON ; ROMAN EMPIRE ; ROMAN STATE .
Helper, H. R.: The Impending Crisis of the South, 283
Henry II, King of England, 413
Henry III the Salic, Emperor, 349 , 357
Henry IV the Salic, Emperor, 353 , 357 , 358
Henry IV, King of France, 494
Heraclius, Emperor, 144
Heracleides Ponticus, 408
Herodotus, 93 –4 , 308 –9 , 479
on Byzantium and Calchedon, 91
on Cyrus and Artembares, 85 –6
on manners and customs of the Persians, 456
on Persian boy’s education, 373
on troubles of Greece, 190 , 191
on Xerxes’ suite, 373
Hideyoshi, 270
Hildebrand (Ildebrando Aldobran-deschi),see GREGORY VII, Pope
Hindu Civilization: Arabs, pressure of, 272
barbarians, pressure of, 414 –15
breakdown of, 271
disintegration of, 244 , 383 , 414 –15 , 551
geographical range, 21
Indie Civilization, affiliation to, 20 –1
new ground, stimulus of, 100
nomads, relations with, 271
philosophy, 375
proletariat, internal, 384 , 415
religion of, 100 , 302 , 384 , 490 , 493
religious penchant of, 242
rout-rally-relapse of, 551
saviours with the sword, 537
time of troubles, 271 , 414 –15 , 551
universal states, alien origin of, 385 ; See also INDIA : British Raj; MUGHAL EMPIRE
Western Civilization
Hinduism: as Indie Universal Church, 20 , 302 , 391
Brahmans, powers of, 302 , 478
Buddhism, relation to, 375 , 477 ; exclusiveness, absence of, 505
indigenous inspiration of, 427
Hippocrates: Influences of Atmosphere, Water and Situation, cited, 55 –6
Hiram, King of Tyre, 19
Hirata Atsutané, 514
Historians, Western, misconceptions of, 36 seqq.
History: facts, ascertainment and record of, 43 –5
fictitious elements in, 43 , 44 –5 , 211
periodization of Western, 38 –9
study of intelligible fields of, 1 –11 , 35
Hitler, Adolf, 293 , 447 , 518
Hittite Civilization: abandon and self-control in, 441
Babylonic Civilization, affiliation to, 392
culture of, 29
disintegration of, 29 , 381 , 441
Egyptiac Civilization, relations with, 29
environment, physical, 78
Hellenic Civilization, absorption by, 381
home of, 101
identification of, 29
proletariat, internal, 381
religion of, 29 , 381 , 392 . 441 , 546
Sumeric Civilization, relation to, 29
Syriac Civilization, absorption by, 381
vestiges of, 381 . See also KHATTI , Empire of
Hobbes, Thomas: Leviathan, 210
Hohenstaufen Dynasty, the, 223 –4 , 353 . 354 . 358
Holland: as combine of city-states, 235
physiography of, 140 , 141 , 235
Spain, relations with, 235
Holy Roman Empire: as ghost of Roman Empire, 118
dynasties of, 118
Papacy, relations with, 353 , 354 , 355 , 356 –8
Horace (Q. Horatius Flaccus): Odes, cited, 481
Hubris, 308 –9 , 349 , 403 , 455
Huguenots, the, 396
Hulagu Khan, 335
Hung Wu, Emperor of China, 361
Huntington, Ellsworth: Civilization and Climate, cited, 66
Huxley, Aldous: Brave New World, 185
Huxley, J. S.: The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, cited, 210
Hyksos: Egypt
— expulsion from, 273 , 326 , 360 , 361 , 424
—rule in, 173
eruption of, from Steppe, 28
hostility evoked by, 424
Hypsilanti, Prince, 132
Muqaddamat, cited, 218
Iceland: conversion to Christianity, 159
Scandinavian culture at zenith in, 106 , 146 , 158 –60
settlement of, 107
Idolatry: definition of, 309 –10 , 444
determinism in relation to, 448
Ignatius of Antioch, 443
Ikhnaton (Amenhotep IV), Emperor of Egypt, 31 , 33 , 300 , 492
Inca Empire: as Andean universal state, 33 , 373
governing class, vein of nobility in, 373
Spanish conquest of, 33 , 271 , 382 , 414
India: Aryan invasion of, 301
British Raj —as reintegrated Hindu universal state, 244 . 264 , 383 , 414 , 415 , 422 –3 , 551
—expansion of, 415
— external proletariat of, 415
—military organization of, 462 –3
intelligentsia, position of, 395 , 396
Northwest Frontier, 414 –15 , 418
Turkish invasion of, 271
Westernization of, 205 , 302 –3
Indians, American: assimilation of Indian-fighters to, 465
English settlers’ treatment of, 413
extermination of, 393
gentle reaction of, 417
religion of, 417
Indian-fighters to, 465
English settlers’ treatment of, 413
extermination of, 393
gentle reaction of, 417
religion of, 417
Indie Civilization:abandon and self-control in, 441
archaism in, 513
breakdown of, 257
culture — art, 467
— literature, 513
detachment, examples of, 527
disintegration of, 389 –91 , 438 , 441 , 504 –5 . 513
environment, physical, 78 , 81 –2
expansion of, 99
fossils of, 23 . See also under BUDDHISM ; JAINISM
geographical range of, 21 , 100
growth of, 21
Hellenic Civilization, intrusion of, 20 –1 , 23 , 389 –91 , 425
Hindu Civilization, apparentation to, 20 –1
interregnum following, 20
languages of, 513
law, concept of, 499
new ground, stimulus of, 99 –100
proletariat, internal, 389 , 391
promiscuity, examples of, 475 , 477
religion of, 27 . 390 –1 , 427 , 441 , 447 , 448 , 451 , 475 , 477 , 490 , 498 , 504 –5
religious penchant of, 242 , 302
saviours, philosopher-kings as, 542
universal state — see GUPTA EMPIRE ; MAURYA EMPIRE
Individuals: relation to one another, 211
relation to societies of which they are members, 209 seqq.
Individuals, creative, 212 seqq.: action of, 533
division of labour in relation to, 303 –4
relation of — to growing civilizations, 533
—to disintegrating civilizations, 533 seqq.; social conflict precipitated by, 213
use of mimesis by, 533
withdrawal-and-return of, 217 –30 , 303 , 304
See also under
CIVILIZATIONS : disintegration; growth
Indo-European languages, 27 –8 , 53 , 186 , 198
Indus culture, the, 28 , 58 , 78 and n., 301
Indus valley, the, 389
Industrial Revolution, the, 6 , 205 –6 , 397
Industrial System, the, 1 , 2 , 3 , 214 , 238 –9 , 267 , 281 seqq., 290 –1 , 305 –6
Inge, W. R.: The Idea of Progress, cited, 419 , 449 –50
Innocent III, Pope, 358
Insects, social, 182 , 209 –10
Institutions: idolization of, 317 –26
new and old, lack of harmony between, 279 seqq.
modifications of, alternative, 280 seqq.
political, duplication of, 41
Instruction of Duauf, cited, 325
Intelligentsia, the, 394 seqq.
Iranic Civilization: alternative course of,
hypothetical, 346
Arabic Civilization — differentiation from, 16
— incorporation of, 17
fratricidal conflicts, 345
identification of, 16
language of, 17
marches, part played by, 112 –14
new ground, stimulus of, 100
Syriac Civilization, affiliation to, 19 –20 , 145
Western Civilization, comparison with, 16
‘Iraq,
Ireland: archaism in, 509
Scandinavians, invasion of, 156 . See also under CELTS ; ENGLAND ; FAR WESTERN CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION .
Irish language, the, 508 , 509
Iron-working, technique of, 197
Irrigation systems, decay of, 255 seqq.
Ishtar, worship of, 392
Isis, worship of, 127 , 203 , 381 , 392 , 504
Islam:as chrysalis of Arabic and Iranic Civilizations, 145
as successful reaction against Hellenic intrusion, 143 –5 , 389
as Syriac universal church, 15 , 19 –20 , 145 , 389 , 488 , 489
Christian elements in, 489
Christendom, impact on, 160 –1
Hijrah, the, 488
iconoclasm of, 519
inspiration of, indigenous, 427
Judaism, relation to, 20 , 502
Nestorian Christian influence on, 20
political character of, 488 –90
predestinarianism of, 449
propagation of, 345 –6 , 488 –9
religious tolerance of, 138 , 300
schism between Sunnis and Shi’is, 16
Syriac inspiration of, 20 , See also under
ABYSSINIA ; SHI’ISM
Islamic Civilization: genesis of, 15 –16
universal state, question of, 245 , 271
Western Civilization, absorption by, 266 , 271
Israelites, the: deportation of, 30 , 385 , 387 , 433 , 451 , 475 , 521
hegemony over Syriac World, attempted, 263
in Gilead, 92
Philistines’ relations with, 93 , 94
primitive religion of, 386
Prophets, the, 386 , 451 –2 , 475 , 522 , 525
spiritual understanding of, 94 , 451 –2 . See also HEBREWS ; JEWS ; YAHWEH
Italian language, the, 470 , 472
Italy: as battle-field of Europe, 228
as education of Western Society, 2 , 232 , 234 , 238 , 293 –4 , 312
city-states of, 5
— institutions of, adaptation on Kingdom-state scale, 293 –4
— languages of, 470
— Papacy, relations with, 350
—unification of, 236
colonization of, 103 –4 , 188 , 251 , 408
culture of, 312
demoralization of, after Hannibalic War, 250
devastation of, 149 –50 , 196 , 226 , 258 , 377
Ethiopia, relations with, 162
Fascism, 396 , 400 , 419 , 420 , 506
French invasions of, 228 –9 , 232
Hapsburg Monarchy, relation to, 313 –14
intellectual proletariat in, 396
Napoleonic Empire, incorporation in, 313
racial composition of people of, 249 –50
trade, 313
Transalpine Powers, relations with, 228 –9 , 232 , 312 –13
unification of, 288 , 313 , 314
withdrawal-and-return of, 231 –5
Jainism, 8 , 21 , 23 , 302 , 361 , 375 , 389
Jannaeus, Alexander, King, 485
Japan: Christianity, attitude to, 269 , 486
Eta, 382
independent civilization, absence of, 59
Mongols, relations with, 270
racial strains in, 54
Samurai, vein of nobility in, 372
Tokugawa Shogunate, as Japanese Far Eastern universal state, 245 , 268 , 372 , 374 , 426 , 514
Westernization of, 269 , 373 , 514 , 516 , See also FAR EASTERN CIVILIZATION , Japanese branch.
Jeans, Sir James: Eos, or the Wider Aspects of Cosmogony, cited, 247 –8
The Mysterious Universe, cited, 61
Jefferson, Thomas, 306
Jena, Battle of, 336
Jerusalem, destruction of(A.D. 70 ), 380
Jews, the: apocalyptic literature of, 380
Agudath Israel, 380
as fossil of Syriac Civilization, 8 , 22 , 135 , 361 , 380 , 388 –9 , 509
as penalized minority, 304
attitude of, to Gentiles, 37
Diaspora, 521
futurism of,516 –17 , 521 seqq., 529
gentleness and violence, alternation between,379 –80 , 433 , 434 , 435 , 524
headgear, significance of, 516 –17
Hellenization of,516
in fastnesses, 139
insurrections of,378 , 388 , 433 , 522
Maccabees,143 –4 , 378 –9 , 433 –4 , 484 –5 , 516 , 521 –2
Persians, attitude to,382
reaction of, to penalization,135 –9
Sabbath, function of, 305
Scribes, 478
Seleucid Monarchy, relations with, 517
self-idolization of, 310
survival of, 94
Zionists, 138 , 139 , 380 , 511 –12 . See also under ENGLAND ; HEBREWS ; ISRAELITES ; JUDAISM ; ROMAN EMPIRE ; RUSSIA ; SPAIN
Job, story of, as illustration of Challenge-and-Response,60 , 62 , 64
Johanan ben Zakkai, Rabbi, 434 –5 , 524
Johannes Scotus Erigena,156
Johnson, Dr. Samuel,299
Jordan, Valley of,58
Judaism: Achaemenian influence on, 475 , 500
as reaction against Hellenism, 388
Christianity, relation to, 386 , 477 , 502 , 503
fanaticism of, 300
God, conception of, 310 , 500 –4 , 523
Hellenic philosophy, relation to, 477
iconoclasm of, 519
imposition of, on non-Jewish peoples, 485
inspiration of, alien or indigenous, 427
Messianic Hope,223 , 433 , 521 –3 , 525 –6 , 529
Zoroastrianism, relation to,387 –8 , 475 , 501 , 505
Julian (Flavius Claudius Iulianus), Emperor,333 , 481 , 482 , 490
Jung, C. G.:Modern Man in Search of a Soul, cited,482
Justinian I, Emperor,194 , 195 , 260 , 490
Keichû,514
Khatti, Empire of, 23 , 27 , 29
Kiev, Scandinavian Principality of, 270
Kings: deification of, 322
divine right of, 299
philosopher, 184 , 219 , 514 , 542 , 543
Kingsley, Charles, 87
Kopos — upis — arn;, 349 , 403 , 455
Kushan Empire, the, 22
Labour, division of, 48 , 303 –6
Laissez-faire, policy of, 445
Language: archaism in, 508 –13
development of, 198
Lareveilière-Lépaux, Director, 493 –4
Latin language, the, 469
Lattimore, O.:Manchuria, Cradle of Conflict, cited, 459 –60
League of Nations, the, 285
Leghorn, 313
Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulianov), 203 , 204
Leo III, the Syrian, Emperor, 16 , 161 , 320 , 321 , 490
Leuctra, Battle of (371 B.C. ), 342
Levantines, the, 134
Liberalism, 449
Libyans, the, 424
Lincoln, Abraham, 282
Lombards, the, 249 , 250 , 344
London, Great Fire of, 111 n.
Lothaire I, the Carolingian, 9
Louis XIV, King of France, 284 , 322 , 486
Lugalzaggisi of Erech and Umma, 262 , 550
Luther, Martin, 383
Lybyer, A. H. :The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent, cited, 175 –6
Lycurgus, mythical law-giver of Sparta, 545
Lydia, 407
Lysimachus, the Macedonian warlord, 343