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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

• Abbott, David, 13–15

  • admixture or bioancestry (ethnic background), 247

  • Boy Under the Billboard case and, 171, 213

  • DNA analysis tools for, 214

  • drawback of underserved groups, 208

  • Golden State Killer case and, 119

  • identifying biological mother of Adam Keim and, 28

  • importance, in forensic investigation, 213–14, 247

  • improved reference DNA populations for, 208

  • utility on GEDmatch, 171

• Agati, Benjamin, 59

• Ancestry and AncestryDNA, 3, 7, 25, 29

  • Clearfield Rapist’s identity and, 149–52

  • DNA database growth and, 43–44

  • family trees on, 109

  • law enforcement prohibited to use, 226

  • Lisa Project and, 3, 23, 24, 32

  • records available from, 214

  • software for family trees, 111

• Athletigen (DNA analysis site), 106

• Atlantic magazine

  • “The Messy Consequences of the Golden State Killer Case,” 157

  • study of cold cases solved by IGG and white vs. Black victims, 208

• autosomes/autosomal DNA testing, 10, 15–16, 50–51, 249, 252

  • finding real identity of Bob Evans, 55–58

  • identifying Baby Boy Doe’s mother, 191–92

  • identifying biological relatives and, 4, 15–16, 61

  • identifying casket girl, 61–63

  • rootless hair samples and, 61, 63, 64, 68, 148, 196, 207, 232

B

• Baby Boy Doe, 187–93

  • autosomal DNA of mother, 191–92

• cold case reopened, 188

• justice for, 193

• mother arrested and charged, 192

• mother identified, 191

• MRCA for, 190

• as Rae-Venter’s youngest unidentified homicide victim, 189

• SNP profile for, 189

• speculative tree for the mother, 189, 190–91

• STR DNA profiles of mother, 188–89, 191–92

• “trash pull” (surreptitious DNA retrieval) for, 189–90

• WATO used, 190

• Barrow, Roxanne, 69

• Bear Brook Park murders (the Allenstown Four), 39, 44, 49–70

  • Carol Cable company connection, 58

  • case connection with Jensen case, 44–45

  • discovery of the bodies, 49–50

  • fourth child victim’s identity, 65, 68

  • mtDNA testing and, 51

  • Professor Green and identifying murder victims, 63–65, 67

  • Rae-Venter and identifying victims, 48, 55–59, 63–67

  • Rasmussen (aka Gordon Jenson/Bob Evans) identified as killer, 58, 70

  • rootless hair samples of victims and, 63, 68, 148

  • size of the park, 44

  • as unsolved crime, 44

  • victim identity search by Rebekah Heath, 66–67

  • victim Marlyse Honeychurch and daughters identified, 65–69

  • victims reinterred, 69

• Beaudin, Armand, 33, 35, 38

• Beaudin, Denise, 35–38, 51, 56, 58

• BeenVerified, 117, 118

• Bettinger, Blaine, 249

• biotech industry, 101–2

  • Calgene’s FLAVR SAVR tomato and, 102–3

  • DNA technology, growth of, 209

  • ethical issues and, 101–3, 156–60

  • GMOs and, 102–3

  • “Golden Rice” and, 103

  • misuse of DNA technology and, 227

  • Rae-Venter working with inventors in, 101–2

  • recombinant DNA and, 101

• Blom, Evert-Jan, 207

• Bowman, Michael G., 179–80, 220–21, 223

• Boy Under the Billboard, 168–75

  • admixture (ethnic background) of, 171, 213

  • dedicated law enforcement and, 201

  • discovery of a child’s skeleton, 168–69

  • DNA sample and, 170

  • Facebook and, 171

  • GEDmatch and, 170

  • identity uncovered, 172

  • investigator Horne and, 168–75

  • justice for, 174

  • mother’s body identified, 173

  • MRCA for, 171

  • speed of DNA solution to the case, 175

• Bucholtz, Ann, 95–96

• Burns, John, 153–54

• Burns, Lorrie, 190

• Burns, Mark Douglas, 154–56

C

• Calgene biotech company, 102, 103

  • FLAVR SAVR tomato, 102–3

• California State Prison, Corcoran, 224

• Campbell, Kirk, 108, 130

• Carlson, Josh, 152, 154, 201

• casket girl case, 60–63

• Center for Black Genealogy, 209

• Chagaris, Michelle, 69

• Cho, Myoung Hwa, 173, 175

• chromosomes, 10, 249, 252

  • DNA recombination and, 250

  • genes contained in, 251

  • male Y chromosome and Y-STR, 253

• Clearfield City (Utah) Police Department, 147–48, 152, 153

• Clearfield Rapist, 146–56

  • bad breaks in the case, 149

  • birth year for, 152

  • building down a descendant line for, 151–53

  • Burns family and, 152

  • Carlson as lead investigator, 152, 154

  • CODIS criminal database and, 153

  • cold case reopened, 147–48

  • DNA of, 148

  • found, arrested, and convicted, 154–56

  • half-sibling identified, 153–54

  • Jeffries as lead investigator, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 154

  • MRCA for, 150, 151

  • murder of Sue Ellen Gunderson Higgins, 156

  • Rae-Venter and identifying, 147–56

  • SNP profile created, uploaded into DNA databases, 148–49

  • surreptitious DNA retrieval (trash pull) for, 153

  • victim, Nichole Eyre, 146–47

  • victims, 146–47, 155, 156

• Clifford, Karen, 11, 14

• cM (centimorgan), 110, 112, 149, 152, 189, 190, 196–97

  • defined, 249

• CODIS (Combined DNA Index System), 89–90, 153, 249

  • Baby Boy Doe case and, 189

  • East Area Rapist samples in, 90

• Cody, John, 50

• Cohen, Stanley, 101

• Cohen-Boyer patent, 101

• Cold Justice (TV show), 147–48

• Collins, Bobby, 168

• Comic-Con International, San Diego, 232

  • “Spies, Secrets, and Espionage: Technology and Tactics for Deception and Detection,” 232–33

• “Commercialization of Crime Solving, The” (Lee), 229

• Contra Costa County (Martinez, Calif.) Sheriff’s Office, vii, 53, 74, 86, 87

  • library at, 86, 87

• Cook, Edith (the casket girl), 60–63

• Cook, Peter, 63

• Corbeil, Karin, 15, 17, 21, 43

• Cuyahoga County (Ohio) Prosecutor’s Office, 233–34

• Czajkowski, Monica, 108, 119

D

• Daly, Carol, 220

• Davey, Elissa, 61–62, 63

• Davidsen, Junel, 35, 44, 51, 56, 67

• DeAngelo, Joseph. See Golden State Killer

• Decker, Kathy, 4, 37

• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), viii

  • admixture percentages tools, 214

  • chromosomes and, 249

  • cM and, 249

  • ethical issues and, 100–103, 156–60

  • extracted from fossilized bones, 60

  • FBI national database (CODIS) for, 89–90, 249

  • genes and heredity, 251

  • HIR and, 249

  • mitochondrial DNA, 251–52

  • SNPs and, 252

  • WATO and, 252

  • what it is, 249–50

  • See also IGG (investigative genetic genealogy)

• DNAAdoption, 14, 211, 227

  • abduction victim identity search (Lisa Project), 3

  • DNA analysis course offered by, 14–15

  • DNA segment triangulation, 250

  • case of Ellen Law, search for birth parents, 17–19

  • founders of, 15

  • the Methodology, 15–16, 21–22, 110, 157, 250

  • Rae-Venter and, 3–4, 15, 17, 21

  • working with law enforcement and, 104–5

• DNA analysis tools, 214–15

  • See also Lucidchart; WATO; specific tools

• DNAGedcom Client, 207

• DNA Painter

  • creator of, Jonny Perl, 190

  • WATO and, 116, 207, 215

• DNA recombination, 248, 249

  • defined, 250

• DNA segment, 250

  • matching segments and, 250

• DNA segment triangulation, 16, 110, 112, 250

  • DNAAdoption and, 250

• DNA testing services, 10

  • Bear Brook Park murder victims, identifying and, 64–65

  • cost of tests, ease of testing, 209

  • demographics of people in the databases, 208

  • direct-to-consumer databases and, 10, 22, 43–44, 98, 104, 105, 109, 208

  • ethical issues and, 156–60

  • FamilyTreeDNA as first, 98

  • Golden State Killer’s identity and, 106

  • growth in analytical tools, 106

  • number of Americans tested, 208

  • SGA chip and, 170–71

  • SNPs used by, 64–65

  • specialized services, 106, 107

  • unintended consequences of, 105

  • working with law enforcement and, 104–5, 158, 225

  • See also specific companies

• Douglas, John, Sexual Homicide, 86

• DuPont, Jean, 23, 24–25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33

  • Kinship Report for, 30

E

• Eerkens, Jelmer, 61

• Einstein, Albert, 217

• endogamy, 32, 34

• ethical issues

  • biotech industry and, 101–3

  • DNA and, 100–106

  • GMOs and, 102–3

  • Golden State Killer and, 103

  • law enforcement use of DTC databases and, 101–6, 158–59, 225–26, 228–29

  • public backlash and, 225–26, 227

  • right to privacy and, 227

  • “scope creep” and, 229–30

• Evans, Bob. See Jensen, Gordon/Bob Evans

• Eyre, Nichole, 146–47

F

• Facebook, 109, 171, 214

• family history research, 138, 207–17

  • concept of identity and, 141–42, 145

  • desire to be of a family and, 142–45

  • GEDmatch for, 109

  • genetic genealogy for, 251

  • mysteries, deceptions, and, 139–41

  • Rae-Venter’s genealogy work on her own family, 10, 11–13, 138, 139–41, 239–42

  • Rae-Venter’s involvement in, 138–45

  • See also genealogy; specific DNA testing companies

• FamilySearch, 111

• FamilyTreeDNA, 10

  • case of David Abbott and, 13, 14

  • CEO Greenspan and, 99, 104

  • company history and motto, 99

  • database of, 99, 104

  • forensic files added, 225

  • identity of Lisa Jensen and, 23, 31

  • identity of the Clearfield Rapist and, 148–49, 151

  • identity of the Golden State Killer and, 99–100, 104, 106, 109, 110, 116, 121, 159

  • identity of Precious Jane Doe and, 196

  • working with law enforcement, 158–59

• family trees, 251

  • for Adam Keim, 31–32

  • advanced diagramming tools, 197–98

  • building as absorbing activity, 113

  • building as unpredictable, 138

  • building out speculative family trees, 108–9, 230

  • connecting couple, 197–98

  • construction of, 11–12

  • diligence and building, 210

  • genetic genealogy and testing known relatives, 251

  • for the Golden State Killer, 108–11, 112, 115–16

  • for the Lisa Project, 27

  • software for, 111

  • solid sourcing and validating information, 210–11

  • speculative family tree for the Clearfield Rapist, 151–53

  • speculative tree for Baby Boy Doe’s mother, 189, 190–91

  • tools for, 116

  • using DNA to identify biological relatives, 10, 12, 14

  • Utah descendant lines problem, 150

  • WATO and, 252

• FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

  • CODIS (national DNA database), 89–90, 153, 189, 249

  • Kramer and the Golden State Killer case, 88–89

• Rae-Venter solves 2021 case from DNA extracted from a single rootless hair, 232

• unsolved murders in the U.S., 233

• Fleming, Ian, 47

• forensics

  • DNA profiling, viii

  • DNA testing, advent of, viii

  • DNA used by law enforcement, ethical issues, 101–6, 158–59, 225–26, 228–29

  • fingerprinting, viii, 105

  • Green’s DNA technology breakthroughs, 60, 61, 63, 64, 68, 148, 196, 207, 232

  • human genome and, vii

  • Rae-Venter’s use of DNA as a revolutionary tool for, viii, 131–32, 182–83

  • revolution in, vii

  • See also IGG (investigative genetic genealogy)

G

• Gaelic College, St. Ann’s, Nova Scotia, 239

• Garden of Innocence, 61–62

• GEDmatch, 23, 24, 25, 64, 65

  • admixture utility, 171

  • Baby Boy Doe case and, 189, 190, 191

  • Bear Brook Park murders and, 68

  • Boy Under the Billboard case and, 170, 171

  • Classic version, 170, 171

  • eye-color estimator, 106–7

  • family history research and, 109

  • Genesis version (expansion of site), 170–71

  • identity of Precious Jane Doe and, 196, 199

  • identity of the Clearfield Rapist and, 148–49

  • identity of the Golden State Killer and, 106–7, 109, 110, 182

  • IGG and, 104

  • working with law enforcement and, 158–59, 225–26

• Gelinas, Raymond, 34, 35

• gene, 251

• genealogy, 207–17, 251

  • admixture and, 213–14

  • amateur or professional genealogists, number of, 209

  • background in IT and, 211

  • as craft or art, 215

  • desire to belong and, 242

  • determining ethnic background (admixture) and, 213–14

  • difficulty tracing ancestry of Black Americans, 209

  • diligence and, 210

  • disruptive events in: affairs, adoptions, and name changes, 141, 212–13

  • DNA analysis tools for, 214

  • family trees, 251

  • genetic genealogy, 12–13

  • guardian angels and, 216–17

  • misinformation on sites, 210

  • mistakes and bad information, 211–12

  • Rae-Venter’s introduction to, 10

  • records available and, 214

  • social media and, 214

  • solid sourcing and validating information, 210–11

  • strengths and insights for, 209

  • tips and suggestions, 215–16

  • traffic on genealogy websites weekly, 209

  • using your background, 209–10

  • See also family trees; GG (genetic genealogy); IGG (investigative genetic genealogy)

• GenealogyInTime Magazine, 209

• Gene by Gene (GXG), 158–59

  • Cuyahoga County, Ohio, sexual assault cases and, 233–34

  • Rae-Venter at, 233

• Genetic Affairs, 207

• genome, 251

  • information contained in, 98

  • Neanderthal genome sequenced, 60

  • SNPs and, 98

• GG (genetic genealogy), viii, 15, 225, 251

  • Bear Brook Park murderer as first use to identify a criminal, 68

  • building down a descendant line, 16, 20, 26, 29

  • database growth, 22, 43–44, 99, 104, 111, 208, 209, 225

  • DNA database growth and, 43–44

  • endogamy problem, 32, 34

  • ethical issues and, 104

  • Golden State Killer case and, 156–57

  • Greenspan as pioneer in, 98

  • home DNA tests and, 208

  • the Methodology and, 15–16, 249

  • MRCA and, 16

  • Rae-Venter’s visual memory and, 46–48

  • time investment per case, 43–44, 200, 202

  • unexpected results, 213

  • warning about expectations, 215

• Global Screening Array chip, 170–71

• Golden State Killer, viii, 80–100, 201

  • admixture (ethnic background of), 119

  • age of, 81

  • arraignment and legal case against, 164–67

  • arrest of, on DNA evidence, 129–31

  • behavior during crimes, 83

  • behavior in prison and in court, 166–67, 177–78, 180, 183, 221–23

  • breaks in the case, 92–94, 111–12, 115, 119–20

  • clues left by, 80–81, 126

  • coining of name for, 85

  • as cold case, ix, 74

  • crimes and killings by, 80–84, 108, 113–14, 117, 165, 177–78, 181

  • as Diamond Knot Killer, 93

  • DNA analysis help from FamilyTreeDNA and CEO Greenspan, 99–100

  • DNA evidence of southern European heritage, 119

  • DNA of, 89, 90–91, 92, 94–95, 96, 97, 99, 122, 125, 182

  • DNA of, determining his eye color, 106–7, 124

  • DNA of, identified as Joseph James DeAngelo, 124–31

  • DNA of, predicting baldness, 107

  • Dr. Speth’s crime scene samples and, 93–94, 96–97

  • as the East Area Rapist, 82–84, 86–87, 90, 117, 120, 121, 126, 129, 220

  • ethical debate and, ix, 103, 156–60, 227

  • explanation for his behavior, 222

  • family tree for, 108–11, 112, 115

• FBI attorney Kramer and, 88–89, 95

• final known victim, 84

• first double murder, 84

• first murder by, 81–82

• Holes’s hunt for, 74–75, 79, 86–87, 89, 90, 108

• Holes’s profile of, 92

• IGG and, 75, 97, 178–79, 182–83, 201

• IGG and length of time to identify, 229, 230

• IGG compared to traditional investigation, 229

• importance of finding him, 105, 113–14

• Kinship Report for, 116

• law enforcement and hunt for, 85, 117

• McNamara’s determination to solve and, 85, 132, 201

• media reaction to arrest, 157

• MRCA and, 115

• Orange County and, 89, 90–91

• as the Original Night Stalker, 117

• plea deal and admission of guilt, 177–83

• police surveillance of, and DNA samples taken, 127–29

• Rae-Venter and, 75, 79, 85, 87, 88–93, 98–134

• Rae-Venter goes public about her role, 160–63

• Rae-Venter’s profile of, 91, 92

• sentencing and incarceration of, 218–24

• shoplifting arrest and, 119–20, 125–26

• Snapshot composite profile of, 88

• SNP array profile, 98, 106

• span of criminality by, ix, 84, 117

• survivors’ description of, 81, 83, 165–66

• survivors testimony at sentencing, 219–20

• suspects identified, 116, 117–22, 123

• Team Justice and the hunt for, 108, 110–11, 119, 121, 125, 130, 179, 201, 218, 230

• victims, ix–x, 81–84, 92–94, 113–14, 129, 165, 167, 181

• as the Visalia Ransacker, 81–82

• Grant, Allan, 241

• Grant, William Edward, 240

• Green, Richard “Ed,” 60

  • background, 61–62

  • Clearfield Rapist case and, 148

  • DNA retrieval from rootless hair, 61, 63, 64, 68, 148, 196, 207, 232

  • ethical issues and, 228

  • identity of Bear Brook Park murder victims and, 63–65, 67, 148

  • identity of casket girl, Edith Cook, and, 61–63

  • Neanderthal genome sequenced by, 60

  • as paleogeneticist, 60

  • at UC Santa Cruz, 60, 62

• Greenspan, Bennett, 98–99, 104, 105, 159

• Gruenheid, Roxane, 53

H

• Harman-Hoog, Diane, 15

• Headley, Peter, 3–4, 6–8, 201

  • about, 73

  • case of abduction victim (Lisa Jensen Project), 20–39, 74, 235

  • case of Bear Brook Park murders, 44–45, 54–56, 57, 63–64, 66

  • contacts Rae-Venter at DNAAdoption, 7–8, 19, 20, 138

  • crimes against children unit and, 73

  • encourages Rae-Venter to go public about her role, 161

  • partnership with Rae-Venter, 7–8, 19, 20, 73–74, 138

• Heath, Rebekah, 67

• Henneman, Phyllis, 114, 219

• HIR (half-identical regions), 249

• Hodges, Paula, 69

• Holes, Paul, vii, viii, 176, 179, 188, 201

  • background, 85

  • divulges Rae-Venter’s role in the Golden State Killer case, 161, 167

  • first contacts Rae-Venter, viii, 80, 85, 218

  • Golden State Killer and, 74–75, 79, 85, 86, 89, 117, 126–27, 132

  • Golden State Killer and Team Justice, 108, 110–11, 130

  • Golden State Killer arrest and, 130

  • Golden State Killer DNA and, 90, 91, 94–95, 96, 97, 98, 106

  • Golden State Killer identified, 124–27

  • Golden State Killer profile by, 92

  • Golden State Killer suspects and, 118–20

  • influences on, 86–87

  • as investigator, Contra Country (California) Sheriff’s Office, 86, 87

  • partnership with Rae-Venter, 87, 88, 89, 90–91

• Honeychurch, Marlyse, 66–69

  • siblings, 69

• Hope Exists After Rape Trauma (H-E-A-R-T), 234

• Horne, Tim, 168, 176, 201

  • Boy Under the Billboard case, 168–75

  • confession of John Whitt and, 173–74

  • contacts Rae-Venter, 168, 170

  • cremated remains of murder victim returned to relatives, 174–75

  • retirement of, 174

• Howard, Diane, 167

I

• IGG (investigative genetic genealogy), viii, x, 75, 176

  • Black murder victims and, 208

  • building out speculative family trees, 108–9, 230

  • cold cases solved by, viii, 182, 225, 226, 230

  • confirmation bias risk and, 118–20

  • database growth and, 22, 43–44, 99, 104, 111, 208, 209, 225

  • dedication and, 207–8

  • DNA retrieval from rootless hair and, 61, 63, 64, 68, 148, 196, 207, 232

  • drawbacks, lack of admixture of U.S. population, 208–9

  • DTC databases and, 104 (see also specific companies)

  • ethical issues and public backlash, 101–5, 156–60, 182, 225–26, 227–29, 230

  • first North Carolina murder case solved with, 175

  • Golden State Killer, IGG compared to traditional investigation, 229

• Golden State Killer and, 75, 97, 98, 175–76, 201, 230

• Golden State Killer as groundbreaking, 178–79, 182–83, 225

• helping people and, 235

• human nature and deception, 141

• hunches as disruptive, 109

• as immersive, thrilling experience, 202–3

• insight and, 79

• law enforcement prohibited from DTC databases, 226

• Lisa Jensen Project, significance of, 225

• list of approved crimes and, 230

• methodology of, 74, 109

• new genealogical tools and, 207, 225

• Rae-Venter and, viii, x, 73–74, 75, 138–39, 141–42, 175–76, 179, 202–3, 207

• Rae-Venter training law enforcement in, 108

• risk of chasing “bad rabbits,” 117–18

• “scope creep” and, 229–30

• setback of DNA testing sites blocking data from law enforcement, 158–60

• sexual assault cases and, 233–34, 235

• shedding of cells, hair, and, 233

• social media and, 109, 171, 214

• unidentified-remains cases and, 49–70, 187–203, 230

• value of, 230

• what it is, 251

• See also specific cases

• Instagram, 214

• Iwanski, Diana, 27

J

• Jeffries, Kyle, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 154

• Jensen, Gordon/Bob Evans, 4–5, 6

  • abduction and abandonment of abducted child, 4–5, 36–37, 51–52

  • alias Curtis Kimball, 5, 22, 51, 52, 55, 57

  • alias Gerry Mockerman, 52, 57

  • alias Larry Vanner, 52, 54, 56–57

  • arrest and prison sentence, 53

  • background, 51–52

  • Bear Brook Park murders and, 54–59, 67, 68, 70

  • blood card and hair sample for Vanner, 55–56

  • building down a descendant line for, 56

  • child abuse and, 51

  • DNA analysis help from FamilyTreeDNA and CEO Greenspan, 99

  • fate of, 38, 53

  • identified as Terry Rasmussen, 56–58, 67, 98

  • “marriage” to and murder of Eunsoon Jun, 52–53, 54

  • MRCA for, 56

  • nicknamed the Chameleon Killer, 57

  • pattern of murder and abduction by, 37–38

  • in Quebec, 22

  • Rae-Venter and finding real identity of, 55–58

  • Y-DNA for, 56, 57

• Jensen, Lisa (Lisa Roberts), 1–39, 19, 20–39, 74, 116, 201, 207–17

  • abduction and recovery of, 4–5, 36–37, 51

  • adoptee unknown-parentage case of Adam Keim as link to identity, 23–32

  • AncestryDNA and, 3, 7, 22, 29

  • Beaudin family connected to, 33, 35

  • biographical details discovered, 37

  • birth name and birth certificate recovered, 38

  • breaks in the case, 25, 34

  • building down a descendant line for, 26, 29, 30

  • case connection with Bear Brook State Park murders, 44–45

  • closest match, problems with, 23–24

  • DNA Special Interest Group (SIG) for, 23

  • DNA testing services databases and, 22, 23–24, 25, 95

  • Kinship Report for, 30

  • lack of records, facts about, 22

  • life after learning her identity, 235–36

  • the Methodology used to determine her identity, 21–22, 38

  • mother identified, 35–36

  • mother’s fate, 37–38

  • MRCA found, 25–26, 35

  • positive outcome, 66

  • Rae-Venter’s commitment of time and money to crack the case, 29–31, 33, 39

  • as Rae-Venter’s first criminal case, 21

  • real identity unknown (“living Jane Doe”), 6

  • speculative family tree for, 27

  • starting point, first matches from databases, 23

  • 23andMe kit for, 22, 23

  • united with relatives, 38

  • volunteers working on her case, 22–23, 29, 31, 33, 39

• Johnston, Kathy, 198

• Jones, Scott, 127

• Jun, Eunsoon, 52

K

• Keim, Adam, 23–32, 33, 34, 116

  • mother’s admixture, 28

• Kinship Report, 30, 116

• Kiwi Spitfire Ace (Rae), 237

• Kramer, Steve, 74

  • at FBI Los Angeles field office, 88

  • Golden State Killer arrest and, 130

  • Golden State Killer case and Rae-Venter, 88–89, 106, 132

  • Golden State Killer case and Team Justice, 108

  • Golden State Killer DNA and, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99

  • Golden State Killer identity and, 120, 122, 127

  • IGG compared to traditional investigation, 229

L

• Larkin, Leah, 207

• Lavallee, William R., 69

• Law, Ellen, 17–19, 66

• Lee, Hannah, “The Commercialization of Crime Solving,” 229

• Legal Genealogist, The (blog), 105

• Lucidchart (diagramming tool), 197, 215

M

• MacLeod, Norman, 239

• Maggiore, Brian and Katie, 84, 129, 165

• Manchester, N.H., 36–37, 44, 51, 54, 68

• McLeod, Bonnie, 239–40

• McNamara, Michelle, 85, 132, 201

• McWaters, Sarah, 67, 69

• Mendez, Jonna, 232

• “Messy Consequences of the Golden State Killer Case, The” (Atlantic magazine), 157

• mitochondrial DNA, 251–52

• Monterey County Genealogy Society (MoCoGenSo), 22–23

• Monterey Peninsula College, 11

• MRCA (most recent common ancestor), 16

  • for Baby Boy Doe, 190

  • for Bear Brook Park murder victim, 66

  • for Boy Under the Billboard, 171

  • for the Clearfield Rapist, 150

  • for Ellen Law, 17–18

  • for the Golden State Killer, 110, 112, 115

  • for Larry Vanner/Bob Evans/Gordon Jensen, 56

  • for Lisa Jensen, 25

  • for Precious Jane Doe, 197

• mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA), 51, 61

• Murphy, Patricia, 113

• Murray, Lakota, 187–88

• MyHeritage, 10, 111, 160

  • database of, 111

  • Golden State Killer case and, 111–12, 116, 121

  • law enforcement prohibited by, 226

N

• Nature magazine, Rae-Venter recognized by, 161

• NCMEC (National Center for Missing and Exploited Children), 20, 44, 51, 148, 252

• Nethy Bridge, Scotland, 240–42

• Newsom, Gavin, 177

• Night Stalker (serial killer), 80

• Norton, Rolf

  • Baby Boy Doe case and, 188–93

  • contacts Rae-Venter, 188, 189

  • interview’s Baby Boy Doe’s mother, 192

  • retrieving Baby Boy Doe’s mother’s DNA, 191

O

• OhMyGene (DNA analysis site), 106

• Orange County Sheriff’s Office, Hillsborough, N.C., 168

P

• Parisot, Melissa, 108

• Payne, Janelle, 95, 97

• Pedretti, Kris, 220

• Perl, Jonny, 207

  • Jonny Perl method, 190

• phenotype, 252

• Precious Jane Doe, 194–203

  • arrest and conviction of killer, 194–95

  • cold case opened, 195

  • discovery of her body (1977), 194

  • DNA Doe Project for, 195

  • DNA uploaded to GEDmatch and FamilyTreeDNA, 196

  • first name of discovered, 199

  • hair sample and, 196

  • half-sibling identified, 199

  • identity found, 200

  • initial matches, 196–97

  • MRCA for, 197

  • Rae-Venter contacted (2017), 196

  • SNP file, 195–96

  • time investment by Rae-Venter and team, 200

• Promethease (DNA analysis site), 107

R

• Rae, Jack, 138, 237–38

  • child, Robin, 142–45

  • Kiwi Spitfire Ace, 237

• Rae-Venter, Barbara

  • Abbott’s search for his father and, 13–15

  • adoptee Ellen Law’s search for birth identity, 17–19

  • adoptee unknown-parentage cases, 22, 43, 66, 104, 142, 143–45, 202, 215

  • Baby Boy Doe case, 187–93

  • background, vii–viii, x, 9, 10, 45–47, 80, 89, 100–103, 145, 238

  • Bear Brook Park murders, 39, 48, 55–59, 63–67, 133

  • belief any case with available DNA evidence could be solved, 39

  • Boy Under the Billboard case, 168–75

  • cardiac problem and hospitalization, 75–78

  • cats, Bijou and Emrys, 9, 132

  • changes the field of criminology, viii, ix

  • Clearfield Rapist case, 146–56

  • cold-case investigator Holes and, vii, viii, 75, 78, 80, 87, 88, 89, 90–91

  • cold cases and, 43, 138–39, 146–56, 168, 194, 224, 230–31, 233

  • as Comic-Con presenter, 232–33

  • criminal cases, dedication to, 168, 233

  • criminal cases and anonymity request, 133–34, 160–63

  • Cuyahoga County, Ohio, sexual assault cases and, 233–34

  • desire to solve mysteries, 45

  • DNAAdoption and, 3–4, 7–8, 14–15, 17

  • ethical issues and, 100–103, 156–60, 228, 230

  • family history of, 10, 11–13, 138, 139–41, 239–42

  • father, Jack Rae, and child Robin, 142–45

  • father, Jack Rae, memoir by, 237–38

  • FBI attorney Kramer and, 88–89

  • FBI case, 2021, solved by, 232

  • at Gaelic College in St. Ann’s, Nova Scotia, 239

  • genealogy research study by, 11, 14

  • as a genetic genealogist or “search angel,” viii, 15, 17–19, 43, 46–48

  • gift from her family’s past, 137–38

  • Golden State Killer, Holes first contacts, viii, 75, 80, 85, 218

  • Golden State Killer case, viii, ix–x, 79, 80, 85, 87, 88–93, 98–134, 182

  • Golden State Killer case, as history-making revolution in forensics, 131–32, 182–83

  • Golden State Killer case, author changed by, 114–15

  • Golden State Killer case, safety concerns and, 133

  • Golden State Killer plea hearing, admission of guilt, and, 179–83

  • Golden State Killer sentencing and, 218–24

• grandfather of, and Grant ancestors, 240–42

• Headley partnership with, 7–8, 19, 20, 73–74, 138

• helping other women in the field, 162–63

• Holes meeting with, 179

• “home” and, 238–42

• home in Monterey County, 21, 179

• IGG and, viii, x, 73–74, 108, 138–39, 141–42, 201, 202–3, 207 (see also specific cases)

• IGG cases, fee for, 233

• inquisitiveness/grasshopper mind of, x, 45–47, 55, 102

• Jonny Perl method and, 190

• Lisa Jensen Project, viii, 1–8, 19, 20–39, 66, 74, 89, 95, 103, 116, 133, 225, 235–36

• the Methodology and, 21–22, 38, 65, 66, 74, 110, 112, 157

• mother of, 137–38, 139–41

• motivation for, 231, 233, 236

• Nova Scotia trip, 239–40

• number of cases worked on, 202

• as a patent attorney, vii, x, 9, 63, 101–3, 231

• Precious Jane Doe case, 194–203

• public recognition of her work, 161

• rape of a child case and, 231

• Rowntree/Irwin ancestors and, 12–13

• Scotland trip, 240–42

• son Christopher, 9, 46, 100

• time investment by, 43–44, 200, 202

• Rae Venter, Christopher Emrys, 9, 46, 100, 133, 137, 145, 160–61

• Rae-Venter Law Group, 101

• RAINN (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network), 234

• Rasmussen, Terry. See Jensen, Gordon/Bob Evans

• Rhodes, Steve, 95, 96, 97

• Roberts, Lisa. See Jensen, Lisa

• Rodriguez, Ashley, 44, 51

• Rogers, Curtis, 158

• Rogers, Kathy, 220

• Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, N.Y., 100

• Roth, David, 194–95

• Rowland, Bertram, 101, 102

• Russell, Judy, 105

S

• Salamon, David, 69

• San Bernardino (California) County Sheriff’s Department

  • case of Lisa Jensen and, 5

  • Crimes Against Children Detail, 3, 6, 20

• Santa Cruz Ranch RV Resort, 4

• Scapple (diagramming tool), 197, 198

• Scharf, James, 195–96, 199, 200, 201

• Schubert, Anne Marie, 128, 131, 167, 178, 218, 221, 223, 224

• Schultz, Krista, 171, 174–75

• Schultze, Pete, 219

• Schultze, Wini, 219–20

• Schweitzer, Carol, 44–45, 51

• Science magazine, article on DNA databases and identity of white Americans, 227

• sexual assault cases, 233–35

  • advances in DNA analysis, 235

  • as global problem, 234

  • GXG partnership with Cuyahoga County (Ohio) Prosecutor’s Office, 233–34

  • number of U.S., 234

  • number reported per 1,000 assaults, 234

  • RAINN and, 234

  • unexamined rape kits and, 234

  • unsolved cases, 234

  • See also Clearfield Rapist; Golden State Killer; specific cases

• Sexual Homicide (Douglas), 86

• Slate magazine, “Your Consumer DNA Test Could Get Your Distant Cousin Convicted of a Crime,” 227

• slave records, 209

• Smith, Debbie, 234

• Smith, Gary, 93

• Smith, Lyman and Charlene, 93–94, 95, 96

  • Dr. Speth’s rape kit samples and, 93–94, 96–97, 98, 128, 130–31

• Snapshot (forensic DNA-analysis tool), 88

  • Golden State Killer case and, 88, 107

• Snelling, Claude, 81–82

• Snohomish County (Wash.) Sheriff’s Office, 200, 201

  • Cold Case Unit, 194–95

  • hair sample for Precious Jane Doe and, 196

• SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), 64–65, 98, 252

  • DNA testing services and, 64–65, 148

  • file of Precious Jane Doe, 195–96

  • GEDmatch’s eye-color estimator tool and, 106–7

  • profile for Baby Boy Doe, 189

  • profile for the Clearfield Rapist, 148–49

  • profiles, 98

  • profiles, new generation of chips for, 170

  • SGA chip and, 170–71

• social media

  • biographical information on, 214

  • genealogy and, 109, 214

  • tracking DNA matches on, 171–72

• Speth, Peter, 93–94, 96–97, 128, 130–31

• Spitzer, Todd, 221

• Stephens, Boyd, 96

• Stormer, Cynthia, 149

• Swenson, Steve, 154–55

• Swiss, Jamy Ian, 232

T

• Tannenbaum, Gayle, 15

• Time magazine

  • on Rae-Venter’s work on the Golden State Killer case, viii

  • Rae-Venter’s work recognized by, 161

• “trash pull” (surreptitious DNA retrieval), 153, 189–90

• TruthFinder, 117

• 23andMe, 10, 17

  • case of Lisa Jensen and, 22, 23

  • DNA database growth and, 44

  • internal messaging system, 23, 24

  • law enforcement prohibited by, 226

U

• University of California, Berkeley, 86

• University of California, San Diego, 89, 100

• University of California, Santa Cruz, 60, 62

  • Baskin School of Engineering, 62

• University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Tex., 100, 101, 238

• unidentified-remains cases, 187–203, 230

  • admixture and, 171, 213

  • Baby Boy Doe, 187–93

  • Bear Brook Park murders (the Allenstown Four), 39, 49–70

  • Boy Under the Billboard, 168–75

  • casket girl case, 60–63

  • DNA retrieval from rootless hair and, 61, 63, 64, 68, 148, 196, 207, 232

  • Precious Jane Doe, 194–203

• unknown-parentage cases, 22, 43, 66, 193

  • case of adoptee Adam Keim, as link to identity of Lisa Jensen, 23–32

  • case of Ellen Law, search for birth parents, 17–19

  • case of woman’s search for grandparents, 202–3

  • decision for adoption and, 194

  • desire to be of a family and, 142

  • ethical issues and, 104

  • Lisa Jensen Project, 1–39, 19, 20–39, 74, 116, 201, 207–17

  • “Non-ID” information and, 28

  • privacy versus anonymity, 105

  • unexpected results, 213

  • unintended consequences of, 105

  • warning about expectations, 215

V

• Vanner, Larry. See Jensen, Gordon/Bob Evans

• Vaughn, Marie Elizabeth, 68, 69

• Veilleux, Karen, 219

W

• Wall Street Journal, article on DNA databases and right to privacy, 228

• Ward, Tim, 221

• Warren, Christine M., 191–93

• Warthen, Rob, 15, 207

• WATO (What Are the Odds?), 116, 190, 207, 215, 252

  • identity of Baby Boy Doe and, 190

  • identity of the Clearfield Rapist and, 151, 152

• Weiss, Richard, 104–5, 227

• Whitt, John Russell, 172–74, 175

• Whitt, Robert Adam “Bobby,” 172

• Who Do You Think You Are? (TV show), 7, 13

• Williamson, Angela, 148

• Willick, Nick, 125–26

• Worth, Don, 207

Y

• Y-DNA, 12

  • database, 253

  • finding real identity of Larry Vanner/Bob Evans/Gordon Jensen, 56, 57

• Y-STR (short tandem repeat), 94–95, 253

Z

• Zodiac Killer (serial killer), 80

• Zumbrun, Josh, 228

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z