9.4

1. 1. Listen to Track 54.

      Now answer the questions.

   1. What is the main subject of the lecture?

      1. The rise of shopping malls in ancient Rome
      2. The current decline of shopping malls in the United States
      3. How to design a successful shopping mall
      4. Reasons why shopping malls can be detrimental to civic life

   2. According to the professor, why did shopping malls appear in America when and where they did?

      1. The migration of people to the suburbs, coupled with the proliferation of automobiles
      2. The movement of the population to urban areas from suburban ones
      3. The desire of city planners to improve social life for suburban residents
      4. The pressure placed on city planners by citizens to create shopping centers like the ones in Europe

   3. What are two theories that the professor mentions as to why shopping malls are struggling in the 21st century? Choose 2 answers.

      1. Most malls are not large enough to accommodate the required foot traffic.
      2. There are too many malls close to one another in some areas.
      3. People are now moving back into cities, away from suburbs.
      4. Many people are now shopping online.

   4. Why does the professor discuss the Mall of America?

      1. To demonstrate how the success or failure of a shopping mall depends on its size
      2. To provide an example of a specific type of American shopping mall
      3. To illustrate the trend in American shopping malls in the 21st century
      4. To show how designing a mall that is too large can lead to problems later

   5. Why does the professor mention Real Estate Investment Trusts, or REITs?

      1. To discuss her least favorite aspect of city planning
      2. To give an example of a challenge that investors in shopping malls faced
      3. To provide context for the rise of American shopping malls in the 1960s
      4. To argue that, if not for REITs, shopping malls would not exist

2. 1. Listen to Track 55.

      Now answer the question.

   6. What does the professor mean when she says this?

      1. Shopping malls stopped being built largely because of the Great Recession.
      2. The Great Recession began earlier than 2008, along with the decline in shopping malls.
      3. The Great Recession alone cannot explain the decline in shopping malls.
      4. Most malls did not survive the impact of the Great Recession.