9.7

1. 1. Listen to Track 60.

      Now answer the questions.

   1. What does the professor mainly talk about?

      1. The findings of studies on bird chirping and singing
      2. A hypothesis about the evolution of human language
      3. The various ways that animals use expressive communication
      4. The differences between hand gestures and vocal communication

   2. Why does the student mention the animal communication that he is studying in his biology class?

      1. To question the professor’s claim that some animal communication does not send a specific message
      2. To point out the difference between a bird’s chirping and a bird’s singing
      3. To explain why he is interested in learning about language
      4. To prove that he applied his understanding of linguistics to another course

   3. What is the professor’s opinion of recent research on the singing of the silvery gibbon?

      1. She takes issue with the researchers’ methods.
      2. She sees the study as proof that human language is unique.
      3. She thinks the study may help explain how human language first evolved.
      4. She finds the study interesting, but believes its results are flawed.

   4. According to the professor, a bird singing is most comparable to what aspect of human communication?

      1. Gesturing
      2. Grammar
      3. Singing
      4. Words

   5. According to the professor, what two communication systems are uniquely combined in human language? Choose 2 answers.

      1. Lexical communication
      2. Cross-cultural communication
      3. Nonverbal communication
      4. Expressive communication

2. 1. Listen to Track 61.

      Now answer the question.

   6. 1. To determine whether the student has done the assigned homework
      2. To express disappointment at having to explain an issue for a second time
      3. To clarify the use of certain terminology, at least for the present
      4. To recommend that the student do further research on the topic