1. U.S. Department of Education, 2011, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Percent of Women in Education, 2010.
2. The World’s Women 2010: Trends and Statistics, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/Worldswomen/wwwork2010.htm.
3. “Scaling Up: Why Women-Owned Businesses Can Recharge the Global Economy,” Ernst and Young, 2011, p. 6, http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Scaling_up_-_Why_women-owned_businesses_can_recharge_the_global_economy/$FILE/Scaling%20up%20-%20why%20women%20owned%20businesses%20can%20recharge%20the%20global%20economy.pdf.
4. “Emotional Intelligence,” http://danielgoleman.info/topics/emotional-intelligence/.
5. Gender Surveys, Barbara Annis & Associates, 2005–2012.
6. Michael Gurian and Barbara Annis, Leadership and the Sexes: Using Gender Science to Create Success in Business (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2008), p. 7.
7. Dr. Helen Fisher, The First Sex: The Natural Talents of Women and How They Are Changing the World (New York: Ballantine Books, 2000), pp. 5, 284.
8. “Recovery of Stroke Victims,” Doreen Kimura, “Sex Differences in the Brain” (2002), http://www2.nau.edu/~bio372-c/class/behavior/sexdif1.htm.
9. Murray Goldstein, “Decade of the Brain: An Agenda for the Nineties,” Neurology, 1994, pp. 239–41, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1011403/pdf/westjmed00061–0033.pdf.
10. Michael Gurian, What Could He Be Thinking?: A Guide to the Mysteries of a Man’s Mind (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2004), p. 129, http://www.michaelgurian.com/what_could_he_be_thinking.html.
11. Louann Brizendine, The Female Brain (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2007), pp. 64–65.
12. J. Decety and P. L. Jackson, “The Functional Architecture of Human Empathy,” Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Review 3, no. 2 (2004): 71–100.
13. Brizendine, The Female Brain, pp. 64–65.
14. Ibid., p. 120.
15. Zeenat F. Zaidi, “Gender Differences in the Human Brain: A Review,” Open Anatomy Journal 2 (2010): 37–55, http://www.benthamscience.com/open/toanatj/articles/V002/37TOANATJ.pdf.
16. Stephan Hamann, “Sex Differences in the Responses of the Human Amygdala,” Neuroscientist 11, no. 4 (2005): 288–93.
17. Deborah Blum, Sex on the Brain: The Biological Differences Between Men and Women (New York: Viking, 1997), p. 63.
18. Linda Babcock and Sara Laschever, Women Don’t Ask: The High Cost of Avoiding Negotiation—and Positive Strategies for Change (New York: Bantam, 2007).
19. Uri Wolf, Mark Rapoport, and Tom Schweizer, “Evaluating the Affective Component of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome,” Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 21, no. 3 (2009): 245–53.
20. Detlef Heck and Fahad Sultan, “Cerebellar Structure and Function: Making Sense of Parallel Fibers,” Human Movement Science 21 (2002): 411–21, http://keck.ucsf.edu/~houde/sensorimotor_jc/DHeck02a.pdf.
21. “Thirteen Surprising Facts About Testosterone,” http://healthyliving.msn.com/health-wellness/men/13-surprising-facts-about-testosterone-1.
22. Tori DeAngelis, “The Two Faces of Oxytocin,” American Psychological Association, Monitor on Psychology 39, no. 2 (February 2008), http://www.apa.org/monitor/feb08/oxytocin.aspx.
23. Elizabeth Scott, M.S., “Cortisol and Stress: How to Stay Healthy,” September 22, 2011, http://stress.about.com/od/stresshealth/a/cortisol.htm.
24. “The Physiology of Stress: Cortisol and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis,” Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, February 3, 2011, http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/fall-2010/the-physiology-of-stress-cortisol-and-the-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis.
25. Vikram Patel, Alistair Woodward, Valery Feigin, Stella R. Quah, and Kristian Heggenhougen, eds., Mental and Neurological Public Health: A Global Perspective (San Diego: Academic Press/Elsevier, 2010), p. 5.
26. C. Otto Scharmer, Theory U: Leading from the Future As It Emerges (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2009), p. 50.
27. Grant Thornton International Business Report, 2012, http://www.gti.org/files/ibr2012%20-%20women%20in%20senior%20management%20master.pdf, p. 9.
28. Gender Surveys, Barbara Annis & Associates, 2005–2012.
29. Grant Thornton International Business Report, 2012, p. 9.
30. Paul Hastings, “Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Women in the Boardroom,” 2011, http://www.paulhastings.com/assets/pdfs/Gender_Parity_on_Corporate_Boards.pdf, p. 11.
31. Gender Surveys, Barbara Annis & Associates, 2005–2012.
32. Stephen P. Kelner, C. A. Rivers, and K. H. O’Connell, “Managerial Style as a Behavioral Predictor of Organizational Climate,” 1994, McBer & Company.
33. Avista Consulting Group, Inc., © 2001. Various versions of the concept of the Leadership Chain have been around for decades. Most of the original effort was led by David McClelland in his pioneering work on motivation and the work of his colleagues, George Litwin and Robert Stringer. See, for example, Motivation and Organization Climate.
34. Gender Studies, Barbara Annis & Associates, 2005–2012
35. “Collective Intelligence: Number of Women in Group Linked to Effectiveness in Solving Difficult Problems,” Science Daily, October 2, 2010, http://www.science-daily.com/releases/2010/09/100930143339.htm.
36. Alliance of Communication Agencies 2010 Study, sponsored by the Marketing to Women Conference, http://www.she-conomy.com/report/marketing-to-women-quick-facts.
37. Proprietary Boston Consulting Group survey, 2009.
38. Impact Research Center: “62 Studies on Gender and Leadership Traits” (2011), www.baainc.com.
39. University of California, Hastings College of Law, Center for WorkLife Law, 2010.
40. Roy D. Adler, “Women in the Executive Suite Correlate to High Profits,” Glass Ceiling Research Center, 2001, http://www.w2t.se/se/filer/adler_web.pdf, p. 5.
41. “The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty,” 2004–2010, http://www.dove.us/social-mission/campaign-for-real-beauty.aspx.
42. Jone Johnson Lewis, “Women and Work in Early America,” http://womenshistory.about.com/od/worklaborunions/a/early_america.htm.
43. Rick Wartzman, “Women and the Knowledge-Work Trend,” February 19, 2010, http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/feb2010/ca20100212_117706.htm.
44. “The Future of Work: A Golden Age for Working Women,” August 24, 2012, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jennagoudreau/2012/08/24/are-women-the-future-of-work-jobs-economy/.
45. “Revealed: The Best and Worst Places to Be a Woman,” http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/revealed-the-best-and-worst-places-to-be-a-woman-7534794.html.
46. Proprietary Boston Consulting Group survey, 2009.
47. Alliance of Communication Agencies 2010 study, sponsored by the Marketing to Women Conference, http://www.she-conomy.com/report/marketing-to-women-quick-facts.
48. Ruthie Ackerman, “Women and Investing: Why Many Advisors Are Missing Out,” April 8, 2012, http://www.satorifin.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/120408-InvestmentNews.com-Women-and-Investing.pdf.
49. “The Sheconomy: A Guy’s Guide to Marketing to Women,” http://www.she-conomy.com/facts-on-women.
50. “Why Aren’t More Women Selling Cars?” Dealer Communications, October 15, 2012, http://dealer-communications.com/dealer-management/why-arent-more-women-selling-cars/.
51. “Women in Senior Management: Still Not Enough,” Grant Thornton International Business Report, 2012, http://www.internationalbusinessreport.com/files/ibr2012%20-%20women%20in%20senior%20management%20master.pdf.
52. “Nissan Motor CEO Carlos Ghosn Is Turnaround Hero,” Stanford Business, November 11, 2002, http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/vftt_ghosn.shtml.
53. Gender Surveys, Barbara Annis & Associates, 2005–2012.
54. “CIOs’ View of the IT Tasks Where Women in IT Have Most Positive Effect,” Harvey Nash, CIO Survey, 2012, http://media.harveynash.com/usa/mediacenter/2012_US_CIO_Survey.pdf.
55. “Women Still Earn Less 50 Years After Equal Pay Act,” CBS This Morning, June 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301–505263_162-57588459/women-still-earn-less-50-years-after-equal-pay-act/.
56. “The Gender Wage Gap Around the World,” New York Times, March 9, 2010, http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/the-gender-wage-gap-around-the-world/?_r=0.
57. “Female Leadership, A Competitive Edge for the Future,” McKinsey & Company, 2009.
58. “A Study in Leadership: Women Do It Better Than Men,” Zenger Folkman Strength-Based Leadership Development, 2011, http://www.zfco.com/media/articles/ZFCo.WP.WomenBetterThanMen.033012.pdf.
59. Nancy M. Carter, PhD, and Harvey M. Wagner, PhD, “The Bottom Line: Corporate Performance and Women’s Representation of Boards,” Catalyst, http://www. calpers-governance.org/docs-sof/marketinitiatives/resources/bottom-line-corp-perform-and-womens-representation-on-boards-2004–2008.pdf.
60. “The Power of Three,” Forum of Executive Women, http://www.forumofexecutivewomen.com/SiteData/docs/CoverStory/01d4349c76a7ea79/Cover_Story_The_Power_of_Three[1].pdf.
61. “Critical Mass on Corporate Boards: Why Three or More Women Enhance Corporate Governance,” http://www.wcwonline.org/pdf/CriticalMassExecSummary.pdf.
62. “Collective Intelligence: Number of Women in Group Linked to Effectiveness in Solving Difficult Problems,” Science Daily, October 2, 2010, http://www.science daily.com/releases/2010/09/100930143339.htm.
63. Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment, http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/sex-disc rimination-and-sexual-harassment-0.
64. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Charge Statistics: FY 1997–FY 2012, http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/statistics/enforcement/charges.cfm.
65. Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment, http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/sex-discrimination-and-sexual-harassment-0.
66. The Global Gender Gap Report, 2011, Harvard University and the World Economic Forum, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2011.pdf.
67. Report by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, http://www.unescap.org/pdd/calendar/CSN-MDG-NewDelhi-Nov-2011/MDG-Report2011–12.pdf, p. 36.
68. “Warren Buffett, “Warren Buffet Is Bullish . . . on Women,” Fortune, May 2, 2013, http://money.cnn.com/2013/05/02/leadership/warren-buffett-women.pr.fortune/index.html.
69. Gender Surveys, Barbara Annis & Associates, 2005–2012.
70. Ibid.
71. “Measuring Your Net Promoter Score,” Bain & Company, http://www.netpromotersystem.com/about/measuring-your-net-promoter-score.aspx.
72. “Five Questions You Must Ask Your Team,” Gallup Business Journal, May 2013, http://businessjournal.gallup.com/content/162794/five-questions-ask-team.aspx.