LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1  Gallic warrior fleeing, temple frieze, terracotta, 2nd century BC Celtic, from Civitalba, Italy

2  Carolingian sieges

3  The death of St Ólaf at the Battle of Stiklestad, Flateyjarbok

4  The English shield wall on the Bayeux Tapestry

5  Coronation of King Roger II, Palermo, Church of the Martorana

6  The Battle of Morat, 1476, from Diebold Schilling’s Chronicle

7  Gentile Bellini, Sultan Mehmet II, 1480

8  St Louis at Damietta

9  Joan of Arc directing operations

10  A soldier’s skull from the Battle of Towton, 1461

11  11th-century ivory carving from Cuenca (Spain) of a mounted warrior and an archer with a shortbow

12  Statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni, Venice, by Verrocchio

13  A crossbow with a steel bow

14  A complete suit of late medieval plate armour

15  Jean Courtois, Sicily Herald for the King of Aragón, c.1420

16  14th-century Flemish infantry on the Courtrai Chest

17  Krak des Chevaliers seen from the north-west of the castle

18  A cog, Luttrel Psalter

19  Templar knights leaving a crusader fortification in the Holy Land