1 Shmuel Tolkowsky, in H. Sacher (ed.), Zionism and the Jewish Future, p. 155.
2 Menachem Klein, Lives in Common, p. 41.
3 Abigail Jacobson, From Empire to Empire, p. 86.
4 Mahmoud Yazbak, Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, p. 217.
5 Derek Penslar, Zionism and Technocracy, pp. 18–19.
6 Ronald Florence, Lawrence and Aaronsohn, pp. 32–3.
7 Lawrence Oliphant, Haifa: Or, Life in Modern Palestine, p. 12.
8 David Kushner (ed.), Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period, p. 286.
9 Gershon Shafir, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, p. 187.
10 Adam M. Garfinkle, On the origin, meaning, use, and abuse of a phrase, Middle East Studies 27, October 1991, pp. 539–50.
11 Ami Ayalon, Reading Palestine: Printing and Literacy, 1900–1948, p. 16, cites literacy figures of 1–3 per cent in nineteenth-century Palestine.
12 Beshara B. Doumani, Rediscovering Ottoman Palestine: writing Palestinians into history, Journal of Palestine Studies 21 (2), Winter 1992, pp. 5–28.
13 Tolkowsky, in Sacher (ed.), Zionism and the Jewish Future, p. 140.
14 Yael Zerubavel, The desert and the settlement as symbolic landscapes in modern Israeli culture, in Julia Brauch et al. (eds.), Jewish Topographies, pp. 201–22.
15 Yehoshua Porath, The Emergence of the Palestinian Arab National Movement, p. 25.
16 Shafir, Land, Labor, p. 201.
17 Anita Shapira, Land and Power, p. 57.
18 Shafir, Land, Labor, p. 56.
19 Neville J. Mandel, The Arabs and Zionism Before World War I, p. 34.
20 Ben-Bassat, Haaretz, 4 November 2012.
21 Oliphant, Haifa, p. 288.
22 Mandel, Arabs and Zionism, p. 40.
23 Israel Cohen (ed.), Zionist Work in Palestine, pp. 164–5.
24 Alan Dowty, Much ado about little: Ahad Ha’am’s ‘Truth from Eretz Yisrael’, Zionism, and the Arabs, Israel Studies 5 (2), Fall 2000, pp. 154–81.
25 David Goldberg, To the Promised Land, p. 39.
26 Mandel, Arabs and Zionism, p. 20.
27 Ilan Pappé, The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty, p. 118.
28 Gudrun Kramer, A History of Palestine, p. 113.
29 David Hirst, The Gun and the Olive Branch, pp. 14–15; David Vital, Zionism: The Formative Years, p. 380.
30 Vital, Zionism, p. 381.
31 Theodor Herzl, Old New Land (Altneuland), p. 42.
32 Gabriel Piterberg, The Returns of Zionism, p. 39.
33 Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity, p. 104.
34 Michelle Campos, Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews, pp. 219–20.
35 Shapira, Land and Power, p. 51.
36 Dowty, Much ado about little, op. cit.
37 Gur Alroey, An Unpromising Land, p. 159.
38 Mark LeVine, Overthrowing Geography, p. 45.
39 Alroey, Unpromising Land, p. 169.
40 A. W. Kayyali, Palestine: A Modern History, p. 24.
41 Gil Eyal, The Disenchantment of the Orient, p. 33.
42 Anat Kidron, The Haifa Community Committee during World War I, in Eran Dolev et al. (eds.), Palestine and World War I, p. 245.
43 T. E. Lawrence, The Letters of T. E. Lawrence, p. 74.
44 Yaacov Ro’i, The Zionist attitude to the Arabs, 1908–1914, in Elie Kedourie and Sylvia G. Haim (eds.), Palestine and Israel in the 19th and 20th Centuries, p. 20.
45 Mustafa Kabha, The Palestinian People, p. 2.
46 Jonathan Gribetz, Defining Neighbors, p. 90.
47 Khalidi, Palestinian Identity, pp. 124–41; Emanuel Beška, Political opposition to Zionism in Palestine and Greater Syria: 1910–1911 as a turning point, Jerusalem Quarterly 59, 2014.
48 Yazbak, Haifa, pp. 221–2.
49 Michelle U. Campos, Between ‘Beloved Ottomania’ and ‘The Land of Israel’: the struggle over Ottomanism and Zionism among Palestine’s Sephardi Jews, 1908–13, International Journal of Middle East Studies 37 (4), November 2005, pp. 461–83.
50 Gribetz, Defining Neighbors, p. 190; Goldberg, Promised Land, p. 163.
51 Jacob Norris, Land of Progress, p. 45.
52 Gribetz, Defining Neighbors, pp. 1–14.
53 Mandel, Arabs and Zionism, p. 106.
54 Yuval Ben-Bassat, Rural reactions to Zionist activity in Palestine before and after the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 as reflected in petitions to Istanbul, Middle Eastern Studies 49 (3), 2013, pp. 349–63.
55 Cohen (ed.), Zionist Work, pp. 172–3.
56 Kayyali, Palestine, p. 29.
57 Ro’i, Zionist attitude to the Arabs, p. 35, op. cit.
58 Tolkowsky, in Sacher (ed.), Zionism, p. 156.
59 Shapira, Land and Power, p. 64.
60 Shafir, Land, Labor, p. 87.
61 Ro’i, Zionist attitude to the Arabs, p. 47, op. cit.
62 Emile Marmorstein, European Jews in Muslim Palestine, in Kedourie and Haim (eds.), Palestine and Israel in the 19th and 20th Centuries, p. 10.
63 Shafir, Land, Labor, p. 141.
64 Yuval Ben-Bassat and Gur Alroey, The Zionist–Arab incident of Zarnuqa 1913: a chronicle and several methodological remarks, Middle Eastern Studies 52 (5), 2016, pp. 787–803.
65 Issam Khalidi, Palestine sports and scouts: factional politics and the Maccabiad in the 1930s, Jerusalem Quarterly 63/64, 2015.
66 Penslar, Zionism and Technocracy, p. 120.
67 Alroey, Unpromising Land, p. 116.
68 Shafir, Land, Labor, p. 203.
69 Yosef Gorny, Zionism and the Arabs, pp. 54–5.
70 23 February 1913 to Vera, Yehuda Reinharz, Chaim Weizmann, pp. 394–5.
71 Gorny, Zionism, p. 64.
72 Campos, Ottoman Brothers, p. 231.
73 Mandel, Arabs and Zionism, p. 229.
74 Mandel, Arabs and Zionism, p. 212.
75 Filastin, 29 April 1914; Kayyali, Palestine, p. 39.
76 Neil Caplan, Palestine Jewry and the Arab Question, p. 14.