7. 1945–1949

1 S. Yizhar, Khirbet Khiza, p. 107.

2 Ilan Pappé, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, p. 50; Saleh Abdel-Jawad, in Robert Rotberg (ed.), Israeli and Palestinian Narratives of Conflict; Benny Morris, Righteous Victims, pp. 89–90.

3 Said Aburish, Children of Bethany, p. 103.

4 David Horowitz, State in the Making, p. 102.

5 12 March 1947. Norman Rose, A Senseless, Squalid War.

6 Horowitz, State in the Making, p. 171.

7 Joseph Nevo, The Arabs of Palestine 1947–48: military and political activity, Middle Eastern Studies 23 (1), 1987, pp. 3–38.

8 Nevo, Arabs of Palestine.

9 Walid Khalidi, in Louis and Stookey (eds.), The End of the Palestine Mandate, p. 121.

10 http://zionism-israel.com/Letters_from_Jerusalem_1948.html.

11 Mustafa Kabha, The Palestinian People, p. 86.

12 Victor Kattan, From Coexistence to Conquest, p. 156.

13 Joseph Heller, in Elie Kedourie and Sylvia G. Haim (eds.), Zionism and Arabism, p. 147.

14 Richard Crossman, Palestine Mission, p. 141.

15 Benny Morris, 1948, p. 81.

16 Uri Avnery, 1948, pp. 4–5.

17 Salim Tamari, Jerusalem 1948, p. 98.

18 Gilbert Achcar, The Arabs and the Holocaust, p. 54.

19 Rashid Khalidi, The Iron Cage, pp. 22–30.

20 Aburish, Children, p. 94.

21 Hillel Cohen, Army of Shadows, p. 225.

22 Maurice Perlman, The Mufti of Jerusalem, pp. 24–33.

23 John Strawson, Partitioning Palestine, p. 74.

24 Nevo, Arabs of Palestine, op. cit.

25 Khalidi, Iron Cage, p. 125.

26 Walid Khalidi, From Haven to Conquest, p. 858.

27 Kabha, Palestinian People, p. 55.

28 Rose, Senseless, p. 58.

29 Christopher Sykes, Cross Roads, p. 402.

30 PASSIA, 100 Years, p. 79.

31 Hisham Sharabi, Embers and Ashes, pp. 2–3.

32 Khalidi, in Louis and Stookey (eds.), End of the Palestine Mandate, p. 122.

33 Kabha, Palestinian People, pp. 100–101.

34 Leila Parsons, The Commander, pp. 157–8, 187–8.

35 Morris, 1948, p. 93.

36 Itamar Radai, Jaffa, 1948: the fall of a city, Journal of Israeli History 30 (1), 2011, pp. 23–43.

37 Nevo, Arabs of Palestine, op. cit.; Cohen, Army of Shadows, pp. 232–3.

38 W. Roger Louis, Sir Alan Cunningham and the end of British rule in Palestine, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 16 (3), 1988.

39 Nathan Krystall, The de-Arabization of West Jerusalem 1947–50, Journal of Palestine Studies 27 (2), 1998, pp. 5–22.

40 Ghada Karmi, In Search of Fatima, pp. 89–90.

41 Noam Chayut, The Girl who Stole my Holocaust, pp. 19–21.

42 Pappé, Ethnic Cleansing, p. 52.

43 Radai, Jaffa, 1948, op. cit.

44 Yoav Gelber, Palestine 1948, p. 75.

45 Nevo, Arabs of Palestine, p. 25, op. cit.

46 Itamar Radai, Palestinians in Jerusalem and Jaffa, p. 41.

47 Morris, 1948, pp. 196–7.

48 Pappé, Ethnic Cleansing, p. 75.

49 Pappé, Ethnic Cleansing.

50 Walid Khalidi, Plan Dalet: master plan for the conquest of Palestine, Journal of Palestine Studies 18 (Special Issue: Palestine 1948), 1988, pp. 4–33.

51 Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, p. 286.

52 Nur Masalha, The Palestine Nakba, p. 59.

53 Avi Shlaim, Guardian, 14 July 2014.

54 Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan, p. 99.

55 Khalidi, in Louis and Stookey (eds.), End of the Palestine Mandate, p. 126.

56 Radai, Palestinians, p. 86.

57 Danny Rubinstein, The Last Battle. Unpublished manuscript.

58 Gelber, Palestine, p. 88.

59 Harry Levin quoted in Khalidi, From Haven to Conquest, pp. 767–70.

60 Cohen, Army of Shadows, p. 232.

61 Eric Silver, Begin, p. 89.

62 Radai, Palestinians, p. 87.

63 Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, p. 237.

64 Sharif Kanaana and Nihad Zitawi, Deir Yassin. Monograph No. 4, Destroyed Palestinian Villages Documentation Project, Documentation Centre of Bir Zeit University, 1987, p. 55.

65 Tamari, Jerusalem 1948, p. 109.

66 Pappé, Ethnic Cleansing, p. 92.

67 Gelber, Palestine, p. 101.

68 Radai, Palestinians, p. 90.

69 Hadara Lazar, Out of Palestine, p. 255.

70 Gelber, Palestine, p. 109.

71 Mustafa Abbasi, The end of Arab Tiberias: the Arabs of Tiberias and the battle for the city in 1948, Journal of Palestine Studies 37 (3), 2008, pp. 6–29.

72 Morris, 1948, p. 139.

73 http://moodle.technion.ac.il/file.php/2319/HAIFA_downtown2012/haifa_histories/out_3_.pdf.

74 Morris, Refugee Problem Revisited, pp. 309–10.

75 Haaretz, 26 May 2015.

76 Abu Iyad and Eric Rouleau, My Home, My Land, p. 23.

77 Beryl Cheal, Refugees in the Gaza Strip, December 1948–May 1950, Journal of Palestine Studies 18 (Special Issue: Palestine 1948), 1988, pp. 138–57, citing Paul Cossali and Clive Robson, Stateless in Gaza, 1986.

78 Mamdouh Nofal et al., Reflections on al-Nakba, Journal of Palestine Studies 28 (1), 1998, pp. 5–35.

79 Kattan, Coexistence to Conquest, p. 194.

80 Radai, Jaffa, 1948.

81 Mustafa Abbasi, The battle for Safad in the war of 1948: a revised study, International Journal of Middle East Studies 36 (1), 2004, pp. 21–47.

82 Mustafa Abbasi, The fall of Acre in the 1948 Palestine war, Journal of Palestine Studies 9 (4), 2010, pp. 6–27.

83 Zochrot interview, 12 July 2012.

84 Gelber, Palestine, pp. 114–15.

85 David Horowitz, State in the Making, p. 349.

86 Tom Segev, Haaretz, 21 October 2011.

87 Morris, 1948, p. 187.

88 Gelber, Palestine, p. 137.

89 Muhammad Hallaj, Recollections of the Nakba through a teenager’s eyes, Journal of Palestine Studies 38 (1), 2007–08.

90 Tamari, Jerusalem 1948, p. 266.

91 Sykes, Cross Roads, p. 405.

92 Musa Alami, The lesson of Palestine, Middle East Journal 3 (4), October 1949, pp. 373–405.

93 Kabha, Palestinian People, p. 110.

94 Pappé, Ethnic Cleansing, p. 132.

95 Morris, 1948, p. 164.

96 Ilan Pappé, Out of the Frame, p. 73.

97 Kabha, Palestinian People, p. 118.

98 Adina Hoffman, My Happiness, pp. 113–16.

99 Sami Adwan et al., Zoom In. Remembrances, pp. 143–4.

100 Anita Shapira, Yigal Allon, p. 227.

101 Amos Ofer, testimony, Zochrot, 20 January 2016; Ari Shavit, My Promised Land, pp. 99–135.

102 Shapira, Yigal Allon, p. 229.

103 Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle, p. 71.

104 Dan Kurzman, Soldier of Peace, pp. 140–41.

105 Morris, Refugee Problem Revisited, pp. 181–232.

106 Efrat Ben-Zeev, Remembering Palestine, p. 84.

107 Abdel Bari Atwan, A Country of Words, p. 23.

108 S. Yizhar, Khirbet Khiza, p. 109.

109 Anita Shapira, Hirbet Hizah: between remembering and forgetting, in Benny Morris (ed.), Making Israel, pp. 81–123.

110 Uri Avnery, Optimi, p. 290.

111 Salman Abu Sitta, Mapping My Return, p. 90.

112 Morris, 1948, p. 331.

113 Morris, 1948, p. 346.

114 Kobi Peled, Oral testimonies, archival sources, and the 1948 Arab–Israeli war: a close look at the occupation of a Galilean village, Journal of Israeli History 33 (1), 2014, pp. 41–61; Ben-Zeev, Remembering Palestine, pp. 63–84.

115 Morris, 1948, p. 406.

116 Bar-On, in Morris (ed.), Making Israel, p. 43.

117 Rosemarie M. Esber, Under the Cover of War, pp. 386–92.

118 Um Jabr Wishah, Palestinian voices: the 1948 war and its aftermath, Journal of Palestine Studies 35 (4), 2006, pp. 54–62.

119 Erskine Childers, The other exodus, Spectator, 12 May 1961.

120 Morris, Refugee Problem Revisited, p. 599.

121 Al-Hamishmar, 19 November 1948, quoted in Adel Manna, Nakba and Survival, p. 69.

122 Bar-On, in Morris (ed.), Making Israel, p. 43.