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Quantum gravity is the field of theoretical physics that tries to unify quantum mechanics with general relativity. Quantum mechanics describes the three fundamental forces of nature while general relativity is a theory of the fourth fundamental force: gravity . The goal everyone is waiting for to emerge from this unification is a "theory of everything ", or "Grand Unified Theory " (GUT). In 1986 , Abhay Ashtekar reformulated Einstein's field equations of general relativity using what have come to be known as Ashtekar variables , a particular flavor of Einstein-Cartan theory with a complex connection. He was able to quantize gravity using gauge field theory . In the Ashtekar formulation, the fundamental objects are a rule for parallel transport and a coordinate frame known as a vierbein at each point. Because the Ashtekar formulation was background-independent, it was possible to use Wilson loops as the basis for a nonperturbative quantization of gravity. Explicit (spatial) diffeomorphism invariance of the vacuum state plays an essential role in the regularization of the Wilson loop states.

Around 1990 , Carlo Rovelli and Lee Smolin obtained an explicit basis of states of quantum geometry, which turned out to be labelled by Penrose's spin networks . In this context, spin networks arose as a generalization of Wilson loops necessary to deal with mutually intersecting loops. Mathematically, spin networks are related to group representation theory and can be used to construct knot invariants such as the Jones Polynomial.

The model is based on separating the gravitational field into the sum of two components; that is the background and the quantum field. The background left is one for all our calculations. But because loop gravity ignores the back ground space as a lost entity that does not occur in space, there fore the need to reconstruct quantum field theory from scratch without a background space is taken into account. I therefore suggest that the calculation should be performed by summing all possible space-times.

Quantum field theory depends on particle fields embedded in the flat space-time of special relativity . General relativity models gravity as a curvature within space-time that changes as a gravitational mass (m) moves. Assuming a spherical symmetric object that space time is of dimensions increasing from 1, 2, 3, 4...N, where N is the nth term of the dimensions. To quantize space and time is to create a space in which all of physics is quantized. The nature of the curved space surface is described by increasing powers in the Schwarzschild radius Rs = Gm/c2 , Hence describing the dimensions of space. Quantum mechanics explains the existence of discrete energy states in an atom, in away that the angular momentum of the atom must be quantized, which is also the case for quantum gravity. The equation for the quantization of the loop quantum gravity can then be written as,

Where η= √Beh, is the momentum of a particle probing another form of quantum mechanics, ħ=h/2π, where h is Planck constant, β= 8πBe, e is the elementary charge, B is the magnetic field and finally μ=256π3 P/c2 , where P is the intensity and c is the constant speed of light.

What changes is the form of the equation the rest remaining constant. The principle behind this is that eqn1 can be changed to any form simply for purposes of calculating complex phenomenon. The energy to which we are concerned here is expressed as a general expression describing the energy scales forming smaller and larger matter entities in the universe. The energy will thus be given by;

Note: the background space described by the Schwarzschild radius has changed, thus the above equation in any case can be used to calculate the basic properties of Black holes. Remember the Schwarzschild radius is the radius for a given mass where, if that mass could be compressed to fit within that radius, no known force or degeneracy pressure could stop it from continuing to collapse into a gravitational singularity.

Assuming that the energy W= βcRs , from eqn128 is equal to the energy W= mc2 , we hence obtain the magnetic field as, B = c3 /8πGe = 1.0054×1053 N/Am. using this magnetic field in the energy equation, W= ηc we get the energy in the form W = (c2 /2) √ħc/G where the quantity √ħc/G is the Planck mass Mp at an energy of 6.119×1018 Ge

The energy required here is given in Eqn128, it is at this, that the intensity P = W/AΔt, (where A is the area and t is the time) is used. We take the energy W = μcRs 3 (from Eq128) as our interest from which we obtain the time as Δt =256π3 Rs 3 /Ac. But with black holes the area will become exactly equal to the square of the Planck length as A ~ L2 p =ħG/8π c3 hence the change in time is given by Δt =63500.86π G3 m3 /ħ c4 .

For entropy we set the energy to kT, where k is Stefan’s-Boltzmann’s constant and T is the temperature of the body. Now for kT = μcRs 3 , since Δt is known the entropy is thus given by S= W/T = 78.96Ak c3 / π ħ G ~ A/4. In conclusion we state that the entropy of a black hole is proportional to the area of the event horizon.

For this effect the momentum η is used. From Eqn128 we set, ηc = nħ / Rs which gives the magnetic flux as 4 π Rs 2 B = nh/e, from which the resistance is given by ζ = 4 π Rs 2 B /e = nh/e2 . for n= 1,2,3,4 the resistance is of a value 25833.8Ω

Using eqn129 in this case, since B is known and P got from μRs 4 =nħ ; as P =ħc 2 /256π3 Rs 4 , we hence obtain, Mp /2 + m + Mp /m = Mp /m, which gives Mp +2m =0, and for identical mass M =0, which is true. The intensity at the planck length that is for Rs = Lp is P=c8 /πħ G2