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Abrahams, Harold, 4
Agathángelos, Abbot, 245–46
Akoumianakis, Manolaki, 181–82, 330
Akoumianakis, Miki, 181–82, 284, 292, 296; and Kreipe operation, 311–13, 318, 330–31
Akrotiri (peninsula), 61, 69, 94; glider landings, 110, 202, 348
Albania, 5, 7; air raids on, 8; Greek army in, 12, 14, 41
Alevizakis, Fr John, 278, 346
Alexandria, 10, 22, 76, 196–97, 213, 221, 234, 247
Aliakmon line, 19, 20, 21, 33, 37
Alikianou, 127
Alones, 278
Altmann, Capt, 106, 110
Amari valley, 251, 284, 318, 325; Apostoloi ambush and reprisals, 326–27
Andrae, General Waldemar, 242, 243, 308, 352
Andrew, Lt Col L. W., VC, 103, 112, 122–27, 147–50, 155
Androulakis, Yanni, 292
Ankara, 20
Anoyia, 257, 270, 285, 313–14, 323, 324, 330
Apokoronas, 207, 278; band, 339n, 340
Apostoloi, 327
Argos, 52
Argyroupolis, 271
Ariadne, Villa, 28; King George II at, 64; as military hospital, 181–82, 243–44, 311, 312–14, 330; German surrender, 347
Aris (Aris Velouchiotis), 342
Arkadi, Monastery of, 322; conference at, 326, 330
Arkhanes, 243, 310, 311
Armenoi, 321, 325
Asi Gonia, 244, 246, 270, 278, 287, 307, 317, 326, 340
Askifou, 206–7, 216–17, 277
Athanassakis, Elias, and Kreipe operation, 312, 318
Athens, 4, 5–6, 8, 10–11, 13, 15, 17, 19–20, 21, 29, 31, 32, 35, 42, 43, 45, 51, 82; start of Greek civil war, 343, 347
Australian Imperial Force
formations: Australian Corps, 36; 6th Division, 33, 36, 40, 41, 52, 67; 7th Division, 33; 16th Brigade, 37; 19th Brigade, 94, 196
units: 2/1st, 94, 133–36, 179, 215; 2/4th, 138, 140; 2/7th, 94, 165, 166, 177, 196, 227; 2/8th, 94, 196, 206; 2/11th, 94, 133–36, 178–79, 215
Ay Marina, 86
Ay Roumeli, 171
Ayia Galini, 213
Ayia Paraskevi, 315
Ayia prison, 114, 115
Ayia valley. See Prison Valley
Ayios Nikolaos, 334
Badoglio, Marshal P., 296
Bakirdzis, Col E., 49
Bandouvas, Manoli, xix, 99, 182, 248, 269, 281–82, 292–93; Viannos debacle, 294–95, 297–99, 300–301, 309; liberation of Heraklion, 331; death of Bodias, 350
Bandouvas, Yanni, 322
Barbrook, Maj W., 29, 70, 197, 207
Barge, Col, 306, 347
Barker-Benfield, Brig K. V., 306, 318, 322, 338
Barkham, Capt G. G. A., 330, 335–36
Barnes, Maj R. C., 315, 317, 330
Barstow, Oliver, 27, 56, 230
Bassett, Capt B.I., 116, 174
Beamish, Gp Capt G. R., 90, 111
Beirut, 269
Belgrade, 34; bombardment of, 35
Benthag, Gen, 335, 336–37, 345, 346–47
Bergé, Cdt, 267–68
Bernard Freyberg VC: Soldier of Two Nations (Freyberg), xviii
Beteinakis, Col, 284, 298
Black propaganda: against Germans on Crete, 279–80; Sicilian landings, 290; German desertions and, 328
Blamey, Gen Sir Thomas, 33, 41
Bletchley Park, 15, 38, 90
Blücher, Count Hans-Joachim von, 78, 181
Blücher, Count Leberecht von, 78, 181
Blücher, Count Wolfgang von, 78–79, 141, 181
Blunt, Col J. S., 6, 9, 21, 35, 47, 48, 56–57, 67, 96; escape with King, 122, 171
Blunt, Doreen, 47, 55, 56–57
Bodias, Yanni, 295, 301, 309; liberation of Heraklion, 331; shooting of, 333; death of, 350
Borwick, Capt M., 227
Botonakis, Mikhaili, 283
Bourdzalis, Athanasios, 310, 311–12; executed for shooting Bodias, 333
Bradley, Sgt J., RAF, 274, 310
Brauchitsch, FM von, 34
Bräuer, Gen Bruno, 75; commands 1st Parachute Regt. at Heraklion, 132, 179, 182, 184, 211, 241, 242, 274; becomes Commander in Crete, 274; and attitudes, 275, 277; on Italian armistice, 297, 310; trial in Athens and execution, 351; burial on Crete, 352
Braun, Maj, 113
British Army
formations
W Force, xvi–xvii, 33, 36, 37, 38, 44
Creforce, 87, 96, 98, 101; Freyberg, 204, 218; morning of counter-attack, 166; morning of invasion, 109–10, 121, 122, 131, 157, 158, 160; move from quarry, 190; during ‘seaborne invasion,’ 163–64
4th Division, 343, 347
1st Armd. Bde., 33; deployment in Northern Greece, 37, 38, 39; withdrawal and evacuation, 47, 49, 50
14th Inf. Bde., 62, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100; uninformed of invasion, 110, 131, 136–37, 140, 184, 210
Mackay Force, 36, 37
Layforce, 26; attempt to land Paleokhora, 197; land Suda, 198, 200, 206, 208–10, 222–27, 235
regiments
3rd Hussars, 117, 140, 157, 166, 192, 216
4th Hussars, 36, 45, 49
3rd Royal Tank Regt., 39
7th Royal Tank Regt., 124, 126, 135, 140
2nd Royal Horse Artillery, 36, 39
7th Medium Regt., 138
Northumberland Hussars, 36, 39, 44, 110, 201
Sherwood Rangers, 164, 207
Argyll & Sutherland Hldrs., 94, 184, 213, 221
Black Watch, 94, 98, 128, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 180, 183, 210, 211, 213, 232
Hampshire Regt., 348–49
Queen’s Royal Regt., 197
Royal Leicestershire Regt., 94, 131, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 211
York and Lancaster Regt., 94, 142, 143, 211
Welch Regiment: in Alexandria, 5; fate in Force Reserve, 200–202, 229; Suda, 62, 94, 96, 98, 160, 177, 190
SAS, 267, 268
SBS, 267, 291, 317, 320–21, 336, 343, 343n
Commando, 50 ME, 72, 228, 229
Rangers, 36, 184, 201
Royal Perivolians, 127, 201
7th General Field Hospital, 116, 118, 127
Britten-Jones, Mrs J., 46, 64
Brooke, Sgt H., 294
Bruce-Mitford, Maj T., 72–73, 143, 330, 338
Bulgaria, xvi; joins Tripartite Pact, 20
Burckhardt, Capt, 139, 141
Burghley, Lord, 4
Burn, Prof A. R., 46
Bury, Lt R., 317, 343
Caccia, Harold, 9, 11, 20, 27, 30, 46, 47, 55, 68, 69–70; escape with King, 172, 230, 243
Caccia, Nancy, 27, 47, 56, 230
Callander, Maj Gen Sir Colin, 347
Cammaerts, Francis, 341
Campbell, Capt T. C., 127, 149
Campbell, Lt Cdr J., 259
Campbell, Lt Col I. R., 133–36, 166, 178, 179, 184, 200, 214–15
Candia. See Heraklion
Canea, 62; as capital of Greece, 66, 68, 69, 81; reinforcement of, 158–60; air raid on, 189–90, 201; surrender of, 202–3; HQ of Fortress of Crete, 243; under occupation, 244–45; start of resistance organization, 250; resistance organization, 283; German forces besieged in, 339; liberation of, 348; after German surrender, 348
Carta, Gen A., 229, 243, 292–94, 297–99
Carton de Wiart, Gen Sir Adrian, 26
Casson, Col Stanley, 9, 31
Castelorizzo, 72
Cator, Lt Col H., 256
Channon, Sir Henry ‘Chips,’ 86, 235
Chappel, Brig B. H., 96, 97, 131, 136–37, 140, 183–84, 210, 212–13
Charrington, Brig R., 39, 40, 50
Chiefs of Staff, 11, 15, 33, 90; on opportunity in Crete, 91
Churchill, Randolph, 198, 234
Churchill, W. S., xv, xvi, xvii, 11, 14, 17, 18–19, 26, 29, 57, 72; and Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, 14; appointment of Freyberg, 84–86; and NZ government, 102, 196, 232–33; on recapture of Crete and Dodecanese, 293; ‘percentage agreement’ with Stalin, 342
Ciano, Count Galeazzo, 7
Ciclitira, Maj D. J., 307, 317, 330; organizes exchange of prisoners, 336–37, 339, 344; and surrender of Gen Benthag, 346, 347, 348, 349
Coats, Peter, 17, 171, 232
Cohen, Cpl G. R., 328, 335
Colvin, Lt Col F. B., 197, 203, 206, 223, 226
Commandos. See Layforce under British Army
Communists, Greek. See KKE
Constantine, Prince, of Greece, 46, 64
Corinth, isthmus, 43, 45, 79, 83, 133
Cos, 293–94
Cox, Geoffrey, 103, 147, 159, 164, 207, 218
Crete: population of, reaction to King, 65; politics, 65; population, 66; character, 65–66; Churchill and defence of, 11, 72, 88; Cretan revolt of 1938, 72; role of Cretan irregulars in battle, 119–20; at Rethymno, 119, 136, 179; at Heraklion, 142–45, 179–82; at Kastelli Kissamou, 120, 188; at Kandanos, 188, 197; German revenge, 215, 229–30; German anger over losses, 234; German reprisals, 239–43; conditions under German occupation, 244; Gen Bräuer’s attitude towards, 274; German fear of invasion of, 277; brink of civil war, 342–45
Cumberlege, Cdr M., 71, 99, 100, 145, 212, 259, 341
Cunningham, Admiral Sir A. B., 11, 51, 89, 161, 169, 196, 221, 259
D’Albiac, Air Vice Marshal Sir J., 8
Dalton, Dr H., 254
Damastas, 324
Daratsos, 116, 118, 127, 128, 174, 194, 196
Dayan, Moshe, 29
De Guingand, Gen Francis, 20
Deakin, Sir William, 290
Demertzi, Nicki, 30, 48, 51, 54, 63, 70–71, 207
Derna, 259
Derpa, Maj, 117, 128, 175
Deutsches Afrika Korps, xvi–xvii
Dietrich, Gen Sepp, 27, 42, 76
Digridis, Maj, 344
Dill, Gen Sir John, 17, 18–19, 20, 23, 33–34, 72
Dittmer, Lt Col G., 194
Dönitz, Grand Admiral Karl, xx, 347
Doundoulakis, Georgiou, 284
Drakakis, Marko, 328–29
Dunbabin, Lt Col T. J., 144, 255, 258, 275, 281, 336–37; suspicion of Col Plevres, 284; SBS raids of 1943, 291; returns from Egypt, 296; coping with Bandouvas and Italian armistice, 296, 300–301; departure of Gen Carta, 298–99, 300; instructions to Rendel, 299–300; promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, 304, 308; and Kreipe operation, 314–15, 318n, 322, 325; meeting Kelaïdis and EAM at Melidoni, 325; calls conference at Arkadi, 326, 330; and execution of Bourdzalis, 333, 338, 339, 340
Duncan, Lt Col A., 200, 201
Durrell, Lawrence, 63–64, 262
Durrell, Nancy, 63–64
Dyer, Maj H. G., 186
EAM (National Liberation Front), 275–76, 282, 289, 306; Melidoni meeting, 325
EAM-ELAS, 276, 280–81; and National Bands Agreement, 289, 306, 334, 339
Eben Emael, xvii, 75, 109
Eccles, David, 232
Eccles, Sybil, 232
Eden, Anthony, 17–24, 33–34, 253
EDES (National Republican Greek League), 289, 305, 309
ELAS (National Popular Liberation Army), 275, 280–81, 289, 301, 309, 321, 322, 325–26; 44th Battalion Rethymno, 327; liberation of Heraklion, 331, 333, 334; 5th Division, 338–39; struggle on mainland, 343; struggle on Crete, 343–45, 350–51
EOK (National Organization of Crete), 250, 276; organisation and first pan-Cretan meeting at Prines, 282–84, 306, 309, 321, 325; liberation of Heraklion, 331, 333; tension with ELAS, 343
Evans, Sir Arthur, 64, 181, 296, 347
Farran, Lt R. A., 118, 166, 174, 192
Fernleaf House, 70, 71
Ferrero, Gen, 42
Fielding, Maj A. W. (Xan): first arrival, 249; meeting with Skoulas to discuss setting up of EOK, 250, 255, 256, 260, 263, 266, 269; problems with Col Papadakis, 270; flies over Crete with RAF, 271; returns with Arthur Reade, 275, 276; organises evacuation of stragglers, 287; and Selino band, 288; problem with Gen Mandakas, 289; at Tsilívdika, 299–300; promotion to Major, 304; arranges Therisso meeting between EOK and EAM-ELAS, 306; returns to Cairo, transfers to SOE France, 341; returns to Crete, 340–41, 344
Fleming, Ann, 226
Fleming, Maj Richard, 98
Fleming, Peter, 25, 26–27, 29, 37, 45, 48, 253
Fletcher, Cpl R., 116
Florina, 37
Forbes, Wing Cdr Viscount (Earl of Granard), 31, 47
Forrester, Capt M., 9, 10, 49, 55, 96, 116, 174–76, 192–93, 218, 220, 231
Frantzeskakis, Fr Stylianos, 119, 188
Fraser, Capt Hugh, 320, 321, 330, 334, 339
Frederica, Crown Princess, of Greece, 46, 64, 173
Freyberg, Maj Gen B., xvii–xviii, xxi, 33, 83, 84; career, 84–85; character, 85–86; fear of ‘seaborne invasion,’ 89–90; and Ultra intelligence, 90–91; and reconnaissance, 96; and Greek regiments, 97; visiting troops, 100, 101, 103; on morning of invasion, 109–10; and evacuation of King, 121; reports to Cairo, 147; preoccupation with ‘seaborne invasion,’ 158–60; watching sea battle, 164; decision to withdraw to Galatas, 176–77; decision to evacuate Crete, 195; departure to Sphakia, 205, 218, 222; Inglis report to Churchill and recriminations in Cairo, 232–33, 234, 235
Freyberg, Paul, xviii
Galatas: paratroop attack on, 114–17, 127, 128, 129; fighting on 21–22 May, 174–77; Battle of, 190–94, 204, 230
Gambier-Parry, Maj Gen M. D., 8–9
Gentry, Col W. G., 152, 166, 194
Genz, Lt, 106, 127, 129
George, Prince, of Greece, 64
George II, King of the Hellenes, 6, 15, 19, 42, 46, 64, 65, 67, 97; escape over White Mountains, 122, 171, 236, 257, 282; broadcast, 295; and plebiscite question, 305
Georgioupolis, 127, 157, 160, 165–66, 337, 339
Gericke, 78, 112, 147
German air force
formations: 4th Air Fleet, 79, 129; VIII Air Corps, 80, 108, 129, 145, 153, 161, 189, 208, 221; X Air Corps, 14; XI Air Corps, 79, 152; 7th Parachute Division, 77–79, 91, 92, 104–7, 239
regiments: Storm Regiment (later Ramcke Group), 77n, 81, 106, 109, 119, 129, 147, 153, 154–55, 157, 186–87, 190–91, 201; 1st Parachute Regiment, 75, 81, 132, 141–44, 179–84; 2nd Parachute Regiment, 79, 81, 132–36, 178–79; 3rd Parachute Regiment, 79, 81, 115–16, 118, 127, 128, 130, 147, 152, 153, 159, 174, 176n, 190, 201–2; Parachute Engineer Battalion, 81, 115, 116, 119
German army
formations: XII Army, 20, 79, 92, 129, 153; XL Panzer Corps, 37; 1st Panzer Division, 291; 2nd Panzer Division, 36, 41; 22nd Airlanding Division, 79, 91, 92; Adolf Hitler Leibstandarte, 27, 39, 42; 5th Mountain Division, xvii, xix, 35–36, 80, 81, 92, 153, 154, 177, 187, 214, 215; 6th Mountain Division, 36, 41; 22nd Bremen Sebastopol Division, 278; 7th Flieger Division, xvii, xix
regiments: 31st Armoured Regt., 214–15; 85th Mountain Regt., 160, 186–87, 195–96, 205, 214; 95th Mountain Regiment, 187, 188, 214; 100th Mountain Regt., 156, 160, 186, 190, 201–2, 215, 216, 228; 141st Mountain Regt., 202, 204, 214; 55th Motor-Cycle Battalion, 188, 197
German navy, Bismarck, 231
Giamalakis, Dr, 333
Gibraltar, plan for invasion of (Operation Felix), 7
Glembin, Capt H., 337, 348
Glenconner, 2nd Baron, 272, 305
Glennie, Rear Admiral I. G., 161, 162, 163
Glider operations, 104–5, 109, 110–11
Goering, Hermann, xvii, 57n, 75, 239
Gorgopotamos bridge, 258, 271, 272
Gournes, 140
Graham, Maj F. C. C., 197, 199, 204, 206, 208, 222–23, 225, 226
Grande Bretagne, Hotel, 10, 43, 47, 83, 104, 152
Granville, Christine, 341
Grazzi, Emanuele, 5–6
Greece, plan for invasion of (Operation Marita), 7
Greek army. See Royal Hellenic Army
Greek civil war, 236, 276
Grohmann, Sonderführer E., 348
Gubbins, Maj Gen Colin, 88
guerrilla leaders (kapitans), xix
Gyparis, Lt Col Pavlos, 343
Hadjigrigorakis, Xenophon, 329
Halder, Gen Franz, 34, 74
Halepa, 69, 160, 202–3, 243, 275, 345, 346
Halkiadakis, George, 248
Hammond, Lt Col N. G. L., 4, 28–29, 48, 51, 54, 71, 100, 145, 212, 257, 280–81
Hamson, C. J., 73, 99, 144, 182, 213–14, 221
Hargest, Brig J., 62, 103, 129–30, 148, 151, 166, 200–201, 205, 218–19, 233
Harling, Operation. See Gorgopotamos bridge
Hartmann, Capt, 269–70
Heidrich, Col, 128, 130, 152, 174, 175, 201
Heraklion, 3; outbreak of war, 7; Pendlebury as Vice Consul, 28, 71, 73, 78, 81, 87, 94; morning of 20 May, 131–32; fighting in, 142–45; air raid on, 182; evacuation of British troops, 210–12, 244; SAS raid and reprisals, 267–68; intelligence network during occupation, 284; preparation for German withdrawal from, 330; infiltration of city, 330–31; day of liberation, 331–32; Bandouvas-ELAS clashes, 343; trial of collaborators, 345
Heydte, Capt Freiherr von der, 77, 78, 116, 128, 152, 188, 202–3, 351n
Heywood, Maj Gen T. G., 9, 15, 17, 20–21, 48, 97, 172, 183
Hierapetra, 100, 214, 310, 334
Hildyard, Myles, 207, 220, 228, 230, 244
Hill 107 (Maleme), 112, 113, 123, 124–27, 148; capture of, 149–50, 154
Hinton, Sgt, VC, 52
Hitler, Adolf, xv–xvi, xx–xxi, 5, 7, 14, 34, 42, 74, 75, 76, 81, 234, 236; obsession with Balkan flank, 291n
Hitler Youth, 77
Hobson, Brig R. H., 34, 37, 50
Hollingworth, Clare, 44
Hope-Morley, Lt G. (Lord Hollenden), 96, 131
Household, Geoffrey, 26, 31, 35
Houseman, Capt J. W., 314, 330
Hulme, Sgt A. C., 205
Hunt, Col D. W. S., 4, 5, 31, 47, 111, 164
Hutchinson, R. W., 64
Ill Met by Moonlight (1957), xx
Inglis, Brig L. M., 49, 103, 152, 159, 160, 191, 194, 202, 222, 233
International Brigades, 228
ISLD (MI6), 247, 254–55, 258, 262, 265, 284, 289, 301, 353
Italian armistice, 290–307
Italian army: 51st Siena Division, 12, 229, 296–97, 344; 58th Leniano Division, 12
Jellicoe, Capt 2nd Earl, 267, 268, 275, 308, 317, 321
Jeschonnek, Gen Hans, 75
Jodl, Gen Alfred, 42, 74, 76
Johnson, Capt S. H., 124, 127, 150
Johnstone, Norman, 27, 56
Joint Intelligence Committee, 91
Joint Planning Staff, 11
Kakopetro, 241
Kalamata, 52, 63
Kalanthe, 47, 48, 55, 69, 230
Kalaphotakis, Capt, 142
Kali-Sykia, 301
Kallikrati, 301
Kamares, 316, 318
Kandanos, 119; fighting at, 188, 241, 330
kapitans (guerrilla leaders), xix
Kaso strait, 196
Kasos, 72, 100, 145
Kastelli Kissamou, 55, 58, 96; defence of, 188, 241; ELAS-EOK tension, 344; liberation of, 344, 346; and Mürbe detachment, 120, 188
Kastelli Pediados, 267, 268, 274, 291, 296, 321, 339
Kastoria, 12
Katherine, Princess, of Greece, 64
Kato Simi, 297–98
Keble, Brig M., 272, 304–5
Kelaïdis, Gp Capt, 325
Khnarakis, Gregori, and Kreipe operation, 310
Killearn, Lady (Lady Lampson), 23
Killearn, Lord (Sir Miles Lampson), 232, 253
King, Rear Admiral E. L. S., 161–62, 169, 170, 218, 220–21
Kippenberger, Col H. K., 96, 103, 114, 115–16, 117, 127, 128; at Battle of Galatas, 190–94, 208, 210, 219, 220; urges counter-attack on Prison Valley, 151–52
Kirwan, Brig, R., 347
KKE (Communist Party of Greece), 275–76, 280–81; blunder at pan-Cretan conference at Karines, 282; policy on Macedonia, 282; infiltration of National Army HQ in Athens, 339; reaction to British troops in Athens, 343; failure in Crete, 349–50, 366
Kleinschmidt, Maj, 349
Kleye, Capt, 154
Knossos, 3, 28, 64, 181–82, 214, 296, 330
Koch, Maj, 109, 113, 153
Kokonas, Alexandros, 275, 284, 346
Komis, Nikos, 311
Komnas (traitor), 270
Kondekas, Col, 289, 338, 339
Kondomari, 241
Koryzis, Alexandros, 17; suicide of, 42
Koustoyérako, 287, 302
Koxaré, 343
Kreipe, Gen H., 244; operation to kidnap, 310–19, 352
Kroh, Maj, 133, 135–36, 178, 179
Kroussonas, 210, 333
Kyriakosellia, 287
Lampson. See Killearn
Langouvardos, Fr A., 246
Larissa, 41
Lasithi, 229; resistance organization, 231, 292–93; ELAS in, 301, 308, 309
Lassen, Capt Anders, VC, 291, 337, 343
Lawrence, Prof A. W., 29
Laycock, Maj Gen R., 197, 198, 204, 206, 207, 222–26, 235
Leigh Fermor, Joan, 286
Leigh Fermor, Maj P. M., xx; with British Military Mission in Crete, 211, 251, 255, 257, 260, 262, 271, 274, 278–79, 285–86, 292; in Crete, 78, 96; with British Military Mission in Greece, 9–10, 25, 51, 54; and Italian negotiations, 292–93, 295–96; with Bandouvas, 294–95; escape of Gen Carta, 297–98; promoted to major, 304; parachute in for Kreipe operation, 308; and Kreipe operation, 308–18; returns to Crete, 339–40; leaves Crete and end of war, 341; trial of Gens Bräuer and Müller, 351
Leivada, 302
Leros, 293–94
Levidis, Col, 122, 171
Liebach, Maj, 116–17
Limonias (ELAS leader), 326, 343
List, FM Wilhelm, 42, 79–80, 153
Lodwick, Capt J., 321, 336
Löhr, Gen Alexander, 79, 153
Lokhria, 316, 318
Longmore, Air Marshal A., 19, 23
Luftwaffe attacks, xvii, 169–70
Lukas, Maj Stanislas, 330
MacGlasson, Col, US Army (OSS), 320
Mackay, Maj Gen I., 36
Mackay Force, 36, 37
Maclean, Brig Fitzroy, 305
Maleme airfield, xix, xxi, 68, 81, 86, 87; Ultra warning of attack on, 93, 94, 96; just before invasion, 102, 106; morning of invasion, 107–9; paratroop attack, 112; misunderstanding over defence, 147–50; defenders withdraw, 155, 195, 198, 233, 267; and German surrender on Crete, 347
Mandakas, Gen E., 251, 274, 275, 280–81, 289, 306, 339
Maniadakis, Constantinos, 11, 30, 42, 49, 64
Manoussakis, Manoussos, 242, 256–57, 275, 283, 308, 319, 335
Margarikari, 316, 318
Margarites, 322
Matapan, Cape Battle of, 35
Matsuoka, Mr, 34
Maxwell, Col T., 254, 272
Maxwell, Lt P. V. H., 168
May, Capt Guy, 49
Mazarakis, Gen, 42
Mediterranean strategy, xvi
Meindl, Brig E., 112–13, 115, 153
Melidoni, Dunbabin meeting with EAM, 325
Mellisinos, Gen, 10
Mercury (Merkur), Operation, 76
Merkur Operation, xvii
Metaxas, Gen I., 5, 6, 10–11, 14, 15; death of, 17, 57
Metaxas line, 35–36, 37
MI9, 287
Miers, Cdr, VC, 247
Milos, 160, 162, 169, 170
Mincemeat, Operation, 290
MI(R), 3, 25, 26, 48, 197, 353
Missolonghi, 45
Mitsotaki, Kaite, 336
Mitsotakis, Constantinos, 275, 283, 306, 329; arrested, 329, 335, 336, 346–47
Moir, Sgt T., 287
Monastir Gap, 19, 27, 36
Monemvasia, 55
Moni, 302
Morse, Capt J. A. V., RN, 158, 177, 197, 217–18
Moss, Capt I. W. Stanley, 255; and Kreipe operation, 310–14; returns to Crete, 322; Damastas, 323–24, 340
Mott-Radclyffe, Capt C. E., 9, 47, 65
Mountbatten, Admiral Lord L., 173
Müller, General, 243–44, 278; ultimatum to Italian troops, 297, 298; replaced by Kreipe, 310; destruction of Anoyia, 324; departure from Crete, 330; trial and execution, 351
Mürbe, Lt, drop on Kastelli Kissamou, 120, 188, 241
Mussolini, Benito, xv, 5, 18, 42, 74; fall of, 293, 297
Myers, Brig E., 305
Nathenas, Col, 331, 332, 338
Naupaktos, 45
Nauplia, 49, 52, 54
Neapolis, 284, 295–96, 321, 334
Neumann, Dr. H., 149–50, 241
New Zealand Army
formations
2nd NZEF, 32
2nd NZ Division, 33, 41, 84, 87, 94, 157
4th Brigade, 49, 50, 94, 103, 152, 160, 166, 191
5th Brigade, 41, 62, 103, 149, 154, 156, 165, 166, 176, 187, 218
10th Brigade, 96, 103, 114, 128, 165, 175, 194
regiments
5th Field Regt., 44
18th Battalion, 116, 166, 177, 187, 190–91
19th Battalion, 116, 174
20th Battalion, 94, 115, 152, 157, 160, 165–66, 167–68, 191–94
21st Battalion, 149, 150, 155, 167, 168
22nd Battalion, 102, 107, 109, 112–13; defence of airfield, 122–27, 147–50
23rd Battalion, 114, 125, 126, 148–49, 151, 155, 177, 185, 191, 205, 216
28th (Maori) Battalion, 148, 155–56, 157, 167, 168, 177, 194, 196, 206
Composite Battalion, 114, 116, 191
Div. Petrol Company, 114, 117, 127–28, 194
Divisional Cavalry, 114, 128, 187, 194
Engineer Detachment, 114, 155
Nicolson, Harold, 232
Nicolson, Nigel, 176n
Norman, Mark, 27, 40, 56
North Africa, xv
Northumberland, 10th Duke, 34, 39
Olympus, Mount, 19, 33, 37
Omalo, plain, 274
Operation Mercury, xvii
Operation Strafgericht, xvi
OSS (Organization of Strategic Services), 320
Palairet, Lady, 171
Palairet, Sir Michael, 6, 11, 20, 21, 22, 47, 171
Paleokhora, 119, 188, 197
Panayia, 338
Papadakis, Col Andreas, 247, 250, 270
Papadakis, Gen Nikolaos, 332–33, 338, 339
Papadoyannis, Emmanuel, 283
Papagos, Gen Alexandros, 6, 14, 15, 19, 21, 35, 36, 49
Papaleonidas, Antoni, and Kreipe operation, 310
Papandreou, George, 342
Papas, Mitsos O, 309
Papasteriou, Gen, 58
Papayannakis, Maj, 335–36
Paterakis, Antoni, 302–3, 307, 340, 344
Paterakis, Costi, 302
Paterakis, Manoli, 228, 292, 299; and Kreipe operation, 310, 312, 352
Patras, 45, 319
Paul, Crown Prince, of Greece, xvi, 47, 64
Paul, Prince, Regent of Yugoslavia, 14; signature of Tripartite Pact, 34, 49
Pawson, David, 48, 51
Peck, Maj G. W., 166
Pendlebury, Capt J. D. S., xix, 3, 27, 64, 71–73, 99–100, 142–45, 182, 210, 229, 250, 251, 261, 332
Perama, 322
Peripheral strategy, 7
Perivolia (Canea), 122, 128, 196
Perivolia (Rethymno), 136, 178, 179, 184, 214
Perkins, Staff Sgt D. C., 261, 288, 302, 307
Peter, Prince, of Greece, 10, 49, 51, 96, 116, 122, 171
Petrakageorgis (andarte kapitan), xix, 99, 182, 249, 269, 281, 314–15, 316, 317, 326, 331, 334
Petrakas, Petro, 246, 317
Piraeus, 32, 35, 45, 160
Pirgos, 148, 155, 167–68
Pirie, Ian, 29–30, 48–49, 51, 54, 70, 207
Pitcairn, Lt Col A. A., 210
Platanias, 155, 175, 185, 187
Plessen, Lt von, 112
Plevres, Col Nikolaos, 284, 322, 331
Ploesti. See Roumania
Polentas, Andreas, 271, 274
Polioudakis (Heraklion Chief of Police), 269, 301, 332
Pollock, George, 27, 253–54
Pool, Lt Cdr F. G. (‘Skipper’) RNR,
246, 247
Pöppel, M., 77
Porphyroyennis, M., 47–48, 243, 293, 306
Porto Rafti, 49, 50
Powell, Enoch, 272
Presforce, 348
Preston, Brig P., 348
Preveli, 246
Prison Valley (Ayia valley), 114, 130; failure to counter-attack, 152, 159, 174–76, 187–88, 190, 194, 196
Profitilias, 110
Psychoundakis, George, 248, 260, 278, 279, 286, 287, 288, 300, 321, 339–40, 351, 352
Puttick, Brig E., 96, 130, 151, 152, 160, 200–201, 202, 218, 233
PWE (Political Warfare Executive), 328, 353
Quilliam, Col, 31
Quins, the (Intelligence network), 250, 275, 283
Rafina, 49, 50
Ramcke, Col H., 78, 153, 154, 168, 186, 201
Ranfurly, Countess of, 253
Rawlings, Rear Admiral H. B., 170–71, 212
Reade, Capt A. E. E., 273, 278–79
Reinhardt, Maj, 81
Rendel, Maj A. M., 249, 258, 260, 284; arrival at Treis Ekklisies, 299; at Tsilívdika, 299; to mountains of Lasithi, 301, 308, 309–10, 315, 320, 330, 332, 334
Rethymno, 68; parachute attack on, 132–36; resupplying garrison, 200; Australians surrounded, 214; resistance organization, 283–84; clashes between ELAS and EOK, 343
Rethymno airfield, 81, 94, 135
Richthofen, Gen Freiherr W. von, 80, 129, 153, 156–57, 189
Ringel, Gen Julius, 80, 92, 160, 186, 204, 206, 214, 215, 229, 242, 308
Rodakino, 299, 301, 317
Rommel, Gen E., xv, 231, 266
Roumania, xv, xvi, xxi; oilfields, 3, 7, 76, 86, 236; German forces in, 14, 15, 20, 197
Royal Air Force, xv
in Greece (British Air Forces Greece), 7, 8, 18, 40
ground crews in withdrawal, 43
air battle over Athens, 43
evacuation of, 51, 52
interest in Crete, 86, 88
withdrawal from Crete, 101
ground crew at Maleme, 112
during attack, 124
failure to prepare airfields, 183
bombs Maleme, 195
squadrons: 211 Squadron, 8; 30 Squadron, 102
Royal Australian Navy
warships: Napier, 220; Perth, 61, 169, 170, 218, 220, 231
Royal Hellenic Army
defence of Metaxas line, 35–36
replacement to Cretan, 72
formation of Greek regiments in Crete, 97–98
formations: Army of Epirus, 42, 45; Cretan 5th Division, xviii, 11–12, 18, 52, 58, 229
regiments: Evzones, 174; 1st Greek Regt., 96, 188; 2nd Greek Regt., 122, 127, 128, 196; 3rd Greek Regt., 98; 4th Greek Regt., 135–36, 178–79; 5th Greek Regt., 135–36, 178–79; 6th Greek Regt., 115, 116; 7th Greek Regt., 98; 8th Greek Regt., 97–98, 115, 117, 127, 186, 203
warships: Helle, 5; Papanikolis, 259, 270, 273, 284–85
Royal Marines: MNBDO, 69, 87; anti-aircraft gunners at Maleme, 107; at Heraklion, 137; Marine battalion in rearguard, 222, 224
Royal Navy
and Suda Bay, 88–89
destruction of First Light Ships’ Group, 158, 162
interception of second convoy, 169
Luftwaffe attacks, 169–70
evacuation from Heraklion, 212–13
evacuation from Sphakia, 218–19, 220–21, 224
operations into Crete, 259
warships: Abdiel, 197, 220; Ajax, 10, 86, 161, 162; Barham, 161; Calcutta, 61, 169, 218, 221; Carlisle, 169; Coventry, 218; Decoy, 171, 173; Diamond, 54; Dido, 161, 162, 212, 213; Dolphin, 71, 99–100, 145, 212n; Fiji, 170; Formidable, 161; Glengyle, 61, 198, 218; Gloucester, 170; Greyhound, 170; Hasty, 162; Havoc, 50; Hereward, 162, 213; Hero, 171, 197; Hood, 231, 232; Hotspur, 212–13; Ilex, 161; Illustrious, 14; Imperial, 212–13; Jackal, 173; Janus, 162; Jervis, 161; Juno, 161; Kandahar, 170; Kashmir, 173; Kelly, 173; Kelvin, 173; Kimberley, 162, 212; Kingston, 170; Kipling, 173, 174; Naiad, 169; Nizam, 161, 197; Nubian, 162; Orion, 161, 162, 212, 213; Phoebe, 218, 220; Queen Elizabeth, 161; Thrasher, 245; Thunderbolt, 247; Torbay, 247; Valiant, 170, 172; Warspite, 161, 169–70; Wryneck, 54; York, 61, 273
Royce, Maj W. M., US Army (OSS), 320; and black propaganda, 330; liberation of Heraklion, 332
Rüdel, Judge R., 240, 241
Russell, Maj J. T., 174, 191
Russia, xv; invasion of (Operation Barbarossa), xx–xxi, 7, 57, 76, 189, 208, 221; Battle of Crete’s effect on, 234, 236; effect of campaign on occupation of Crete, 277
Sakellariou, Adm Alexandros, 49
Saktouria, 315, 316, 318
Salisbury-Jones, Brig A. G., 9, 10, 49, 99, 208, 233
Salonika, 12; German capture of Samaria, 36, 79
Samaria, 345n; last battle of ELAS, 351
Samaritis, Niko, 301, 309
Sandford, Capt M., 163
Sandover, Maj R. L., 134, 136, 178–79, 184, 214, 215, 247
Santorini, 56
Satanas (Antonis Grigorakis), xix, 99, 143, 182, 210–11, 214, 268, 270
Saviolakis, Stratis, and Kreipe operation, 312
Scherber, Maj, 113–14, 116, 153, 154
Schlauer, Kurt, 329
Schlemm, Gen, 152
Schöltz, Judge J., 240
Schubert (counter-Espionage officer), 287–88, 293; and Jagdkommando Schubert (or ‘Schuberaios’), 301; disbandment of Jagdkommando Schubert, 309, 348
Schulenburg, Capt Count von der, 142
Schulz, Maj K-L., 140, 142, 143–44, 182
Scobie, Lt Gen R., 337, 339, 342
Scott, Capt P., 51
Section D, 8, 25, 48, 353
Security Battalions, 342
Seferis, George, 342
Selborne, 3rd Earl of, 254
Selino band, Paterakis family and arrival of ‘Kiwi’ Perkins, 288, 289, 302–3
Serbia, xvi
Shearer, Brig E. J., 144
Siantos (Communist leader), 342
Sicily, invasion of, 290–91
Sitia, 214, 229, 292–93
Skarpanto, 161, 213
Skoulas, Fr Ioannis, 257, 299
Skoulas, Nikolaos, 250, 276, 283, 306
Smith-Dorrien, Lt Col P., 9, 51
Smith-Hughes, Maj Jack, 200–201, 227, 247–48, 254, 258, 273, 275, 304; and liberation of Heraklion, 333, 339
Smuts, FM Lord, 22
SOE, 3, 25, 26, 353; ME 102 training centre Haifa, 29, 256–57, 333; SOE Cairo, 245, 249, 253–55; and politics, 304–5
Sophia, Princess, of Greece, 46, 64
Souris, Niko, 294–95, 296, 300, 301
Spanidis, Capt Athanasios, RHN, 284–85
Spanoudakis, Marko, 250, 283, 308
Spears, Gen Sir Edward and Lady, 340
Sphakia: decision to withdraw to, 204, 205, 208, 210, 217–28; German fear of invasion, 277
Spyrou, Fr, 345
Stalin, Josef, and ‘percentage agreement,’ 342
Stanley, Capt J., 284–85, 300, 301, 344–45
Stauffenberg, Col Count C. von, 78
Stawell, Maj Gen W. A. M., 305
Stentzler, Maj, 112, 113, 125, 147, 148
Stephanides, Dr T., 43, 53, 129, 189, 196, 207, 216, 231
Stewart, Brig K. L., 152, 164
Stewart, Sgt C., 208, 209–10
Stirling, Lt Col D., 268
Stockbridge, Maj R., 247–48, 252, 254–55, 265, 284–85; at Tsilívdika, 300, 315, 317, 349
Strafgericht, Operation, xvi
Student, Gen K., xvii, xix, xxi, 75, 76, 79–81, 83, 104, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 174; lands at Maleme, 190, 234, 236, 239–40, 241; war crimes trial, 351n
Sturm, Col A., 132–33, 135, 136, 153
Stylos, 205, 207, 208
Suda, 81, 94, 201–2
Suda Bay, 61, 68; shipping losses, 88, 103, 145; first threat to, 196; arrival of Layforce, 196–200; and German surrender, 348
Suez Canal, xv, 76
Sunion, Cape, 51
Süssmann, Gen W., 78; death, 106, 115, 153
Sutherland, Maj David, 267, 291
Sweet-Escott, B., 272
Tanner, Pte R. E. S., 204, 208, 224
Tarves, Sgt A., 279, 288
Tavana, Lt Franco, 292, 294, 296, 299, 301
Therisso, 171; meeting between EAM and EOK, 306
Thomas, Lt W. B., 191, 230
Tidbury, Brig O. H., 74, 87, 96, 128
Trebes, Lt H., 114, 150, 241
Treis Ekklisies, 291, 297, 299
Trettner, Col von, 104, 152
Tsangarakis, Yanni, 271, 279, 385–86
Tsiphakis, Maj C., 133, 283, 326, 327
Tsolacoglou, Gen Georgiou, 42, 76
Tsouderos, Emmanuel, 47, 64, 171
Tsoutsouros, 309
Turle, Rear Admiral C. E., 172, 183
Turrall, Capt Guy, 249–51
Tymbaki, 185, 221, 251, 267
Tyrakis, George, and Kreipe operation, 310–14
Tzatzas, Dmitri, 311
Ultra, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, 15, 31, 38, 47, 83, 90–91; misreading of, 158; text of messages, 360–65
United States of America, 57; James Roosevelt on Crete, 121; effect of loss of Crete, 276
Upham, Lt C., VC, 167, 219
Utz, Col Willibald, 156, 190
Uxküll, Maj Count von, 77, 78, 115, 240
Valona, 18
Van Creveld, Prof Martin, 57n, 76
Vandoulakis, Nikolaos, 246, 250, 271, 339
Vandoulakis, Perikles, 336, 337
Vaphé, 246, 250, 270, 274, 336, 339–40
Varkiza agreement, 343
Vasey, Brig G. A., 166, 194, 201, 205, 216
Vellacott, Paul, 328
Veloudakis (ELAS leader), 326
Venizelos, Eleutherios, 6, 171, 275, 349
Vernadakis, Pavlo, 306
Verney, Maj S. E., 264, 330, 335, 344, 349
Vevi, 37, 38
Viannos, 294, 296, 297–98, 321
Vienna, 34
Vrysses, 216
Waldheim, Dr Kurt, 336
Walker, Lt Col T. G., 227–28
Walther, Maj, 140, 180
War Cabinet, 15, 97
Waugh, Evelyn, 26, 197–98; Officers and Gentlemen, 197–98, 203–4, 208, 209, 217, 222, 223–24, 225–26, 234–35
Wavell, Gen Sir Archibald, xvii, 15, 17, 19–21, 22–23, 33, 42, 57; appointment of Freyberg, 84; briefs Freyberg, 86; and Freyberg on defence of Crete, 89–90; and analysis of Ultra intelligence, 91, 158–59; warned of evacuation of Crete, 195; decision on evacuation, 204, 221, 232
Weiksler, Capt F-P., 109, 147, 241
Weston, Maj Gen E. C., 69, 87, 127; command of rearguard, 200–202, 205, 218; and surrender of Crete, 222–24
White, Lt M., 262, 269, 330
Wiedemann, Capt, 133, 136, 178–79
Wildhage, Capt, 335, 347
Wilkinson, Peter, 70, 71, 88, 89, 198
Wilson, Gen Sir Henry Maitland, 22, 31, 33, 41, 42–43, 45, 49, 51, 86, 293, 305
Winton, Gerry de, 38, 39, 234–35
Witzig, Capt, 75
Woodhouse, Col the Hon C. M., 9, 10, 58, 99; on morning of 20 May 1941, 109, 207–8; with British Military Mission in Crete, 249; Replaced by Dunbabin, 251, 253, 255, 256, 271–72; and National Bands Agreement, 289, 309, 333
‘X’ forces, 342
Xirouhakis, Bishop A., 242, 337
Xylouris, Mikhaili, 314, 321, 322, 323, 324, 327, 331
Yak Mission, 27, 29, 37, 40,
45, 48
Yení Gavé, 323
Yerakari, 251, 275, 284, 325
Young, Col George, 26; with Layforce, 198, 206, 223–24, 226, 227
Young, Lt Cdr R., RCN, 259
Yugoslav army, 19, 20, 21; collapse of,
35–36, 52
Yugoslavia: capture of Skopje, 36; Greek negotiations with, 14
Zervas, Gen Napoleon, 289
Zographistos, Pavlos, 311
Zoïdakis, Antoni
and Kreipe operation, 312
death, 325
close-up information