Time Line

Bold indicates WASP event

1939

September

World War II begins in Europe after Nazi armies invade Poland

Jacqueline Cochran writes letter suggesting women could fly in noncombat roles if needed

1940

April–June

Germany takes over much of western Europe

Nancy Love writes letter suggesting women could ferry planes in US

July

Germany begins air attacks on Britain

September

Germany, Italy, and Japan form Axis Alliance

US Congress begins nation’s first peacetime draft

1941

March

US begins sending aid to Britain

June

General Hap Arnold suggests Cochran go to London to observe women military pilots there

Cochran becomes first woman to fly a military plane across the Atlantic Ocean

December

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor; US enters World War II on side of Allies

Cochran contacts women pilots about flying military planes in Britain

1942

March

Twenty-five American women begin training and flying in Britain under Cochran’s supervision

June

After months of losses, US defeats Japan at Battle of Midway

July

Air Transport Command begins hiring civilian ferry pilots

September

Congress authorizes the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)

Nancy Love gets go-ahead to begin ferry pilot (WAFS) training in Delaware

Cochran gets go-ahead to begin broad training program (WFTD) in Texas

1943

February

WFTD training moves from Houston to Sweetwater, Texas

March

Cornelia Fort is first American woman military pilot killed on active duty

July

Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) is militarized

WAFS and WFTD combine to form Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP)

1944

March

Congress’s Committee on Military Affairs recommends militarization for WASP

March–June

Columnists and male civilian pilots lobby against WASP

June

D-Day invasion reduces Allies’ need for pilots

WASP militarization bill is defeated

December

WASP is disbanded without militarization

1945

May

Germany surrenders

August

Atomic bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan

September

Japan surrenders

1948

June

Women’s Armed Services Integration Act makes women permanent, regular members of the military

July

Women in the Air Force are accepted for ground duty only and in limited numbers

1976

June

Women admitted to military service academies and accepted for pilot training

Former Wasps organize to demand militarization and veterans’ benefits

1977

November

Congress passes and President Jimmy Carter signs bill giving the WASP military status

1984

WASP awarded World War II Victory Medals

2009

July

Congress passes and President Barack Obama signs a bill awarding the WASP the Congressional Gold Medal