1. New York Times, “President Opens Fair.”
2. American Studies at the University of Virginia, “Welcome to Tomorrow.”
3. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 20–21.
4. Ibid., 21.
5. BBC Archive, “Chamberlain’s Declaration of War.”
6. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 21–22.
7. Ibid., 21.
8. Nathan, Yankee Doodle Gals, 17.
9. Cochran, Report on Women’s Pilot Program, 57.
10. Ladevich, “Fly Girls.”
11. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 47.
12. National Museum of the United States Air Force, “Women Airforce Service Pilots.”
13. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 51.
14. Ibid., 108.
15. Ibid., 330.
16. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 11.
17. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 21.
18. Churchill, “We Shall Fight.”
19. Woolner, “ ‘Special Relationship.’ ”
20. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 52.
21. Cochran, The Autobiography of the greatest Woman Pilot in Aviation History,169.
22. Ibid., 170–71.
23. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 52–53.
24. Simbeck, Daughter of the Air, 111.
25. Ibid., 30, 37.
26. Ibid., 76–77, 87.
27. Ibid., 2.
28. Ibid., 3–4.
29. Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 231.
30. Ibid., 316.
31. Zimmerman, “Automobile Factories.”
32. PBS online, “War Production.”
33. Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 291.
34. History.com, “American Women in World War II.”
35. National World War II Museum, “By the Numbers.”
36. Simbeck, Daughter of the Air, 107.
37. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 109.
38. Simbeck, Daughter of the Air, 108.
39. Ibid., 115.
40. Tindall and Shi, America: A Narrative History, 907.
41. Atlanta Journal-Constitution online, “World War II: A Timeline.”
42. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 118.
43. Roosevelt, “My Day.”
44. Simbeck, Daughter of the Air, 121.
45. Ibid., 138.
46. Williams, Wasps, 71.
47. Simbeck, Daughter of the Air, 137.
48. Ibid., 135.
49. Ibid., 134.
50. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 127.
51. Ibid., 128.
52. Simbeck, Daughter of the Air, 152.
53. Ibid., 153.
54. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 145.
55. Verges, On Silver Wings, 72.
56. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 16.
57. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 166.
58. Ibid., 146.
59. Williams, Wasps, 115.
60. Verges, On Silver Wings, 75–76.
61. Ibid., 77.
62. Ibid., 79.
63. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 148.
64. Ibid.
65. Williams, Wasps, 51.
66. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 23.
67. Ibid., 23–25.
68. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 154–155.
69. Ladevich, “Fly Girls.”
70. Williams, Wasps, 71.
71. Ibid.
72. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 161.
73. Cochran, 353.
74. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 50.
75. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 107.
76. Schrader, Sisters in Arms, 179.
77. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 165.
78. Williams, Wasps, 28.
79. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 15.
80. Ladevich, “Fly Girls.”
81. Williams, Wasps, 91.
82. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 261–62.
83. Ibid., 257–258.
84. Ibid., 134–35.
85. Ibid., 136–137.
86. Williams, Wasps, 93.
87. Simbeck, Daughter of the Air, 227–28.
88. Ibid., 234–35.
89. Schrader, Sisters in Arms, 108.
90. Simbeck, Daughter of the Air, 153.
91. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 52.
92. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 25.
93. Rowland, “Pioneer Female Pilot.”
94. Williams, Wasps, 98.
95. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 52.
96. Williams, Wasps, 99.
97. Mondey, American Aircraft of World War II, 158–59.
98. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 53.
99. Williams, Wasps, 99.
100. Keil, Those Wonderful
Women, 29.
101. Williams, Wasps, 102.
102. Ibid.
103. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 288.
104. Schrader, Sisters in Arms, 180.
105. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 218.
106. Ibid., 213.
107. Ibid., 213–17.
108. Ibid., 218.
109. Holbrook, “Coastside Woman.”
110. Pohly, “Mabel Virginia Rawlinson.”
111. Ibid.
112. Williams, Wasps, 136–37.
113. Jean, “Fallen Hero.”
114. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 232.
115. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 22.
116. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 232.
117. Tekeei, “Fly Girl.”
118. World War II Foundation, “Aircraft Facts.”
119. Verges, On Silver Wings, 146–47.
120. Pisano, Airplane in American Culture, 175.
121. Kari, interview.
122. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 184.
123. Ibid., 193–94.
124. Ibid., 184, 192–93, 204–5.
125. Schrader, Sisters in Arms, 181.
126. Tibbets, interview.
127. Collins, “Saint Paul–Born ‘Fly Girl.’ ”
128. Strother, “Women of the WASP.”
129. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 282.
130. Ibid., 280–2.
131. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 59.
132. Ibid., 88.
133. Ibid., 61.
134. Ibid., 2.
135. Ibid.
136. Ibid., 101.
137. Ibid.
138. Arnold, “End of the WASP Program.”
139. Yellin, Our Mothers’ War, 161.
140. Williams, Wasps, 99–100.
141. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 55.
142. Schrader, Sisters in Arms, 246.
143. Schisgall, “Girls Deliver the Goods,” 10.
144. Life, “Girl Pilots,” 73–81.
145. Ibid.
146. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 58.
147. Ibid., 82.
148. Ibid., 82–88.
149. Comm. on Appropriations, H. R. Rep. No. 1606, 10.
150. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 90.
151. Ibid., 91.
152. Keil, Those Wonderful Women, 303–304
153. Merryman, 100.
154. Ibid., 23.
155. Rowley, “Teresa James: Pioneer Pilot.”
156. Carl, A WASP Among Eagles, 111.
157. Williams, Wasps, 126.
158. Rowley, “Teresa James: Pioneer Pilot.”
159. Williams, Wasps, 133.
160. Ibid., 41.
161. Time, “Army & Navy.”
162. WASP Final Flight (blog), “WASP Betty Jane Williams.”
163. Deseret News, “Death: Frances Green Kari.”
164. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 130.
165. Ibid., 137.
166. Ibid., 138.
167. Yellin, Our Mothers’ War, 161.
168. Williams, Wasps, 136.
169. Andy’s WASP Web Pages, “Marie Muccie Genaro.”
170. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 149.
171. Ibid., 155.
172. Ibid., 154.
173. Official Archive Women Airforce Service Pilots, “Assigned Duty Bases.”
174. American Experience, Fly Girls, “Militarization of the Wasps.” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/flygirls/peopleevents/pandeAMEX08.html.
175. Ricci, WASP Newsletter.
176. Merryman, Clipped Wings, 156.
177. Wolff, “Nicole ‘Fifi’ Malachowski.”
178. Buzanowski, “Congressional Gold Medal.”
179. Ibid.
180. Rowland, “Pioneer Female Pilot.”
181. Grosscup, “Fly Girls.”
182. Fandos, “Equal at Arlington.”
183. Comulada, “Meet Elaine Harmon.”
184. Grosscup, “Fly Girls.”
*Garber, “Night Witches.”
†US Department of Defense, “Description of Medals.”
‡Lemmon, “Missing in Action.”
§Pantti, “Gender, Politics and Media.”