Glossary of Terms

Affaire de coeur – matters of the heart / a love affair (French).

Alb – robe of Catholic priest (Celtic).

Alkebu-lan – Africa. The Land of the Blacks.

Amma – Grandmother (Norse).

Amphorae – vessels carrying water (Ancient Greek/Roman).

Atrium – entryway to main area of house (Latin).

Aurochs – an extinct species of large wild cattle, and the ancestor of domestic cattle.

Awakkulé – the little people of the mountains (Crow Indian).

Baaichkíisapiliolissuua – Sun Dance ceremony (Crow Indian).

Báakkaammaaschiile – God, the Great Spirit, the Maker of all things (Crow Indian).

Baaté – plate (Crow Indian).

Baleisbaxpalúutaweetkaate – crescent moon (Crow Indian).

Basahkáalee – Grandmother (addressing) (Crow Indian).

Bod – penis (vulgar Irish).

Brauð – bread (Norse).

Brógs – shoes (Irish).

Búattee – coyote (Crow Indian).

Caffè – coffee (Italian).

Caldarium – large hot pool in Roman public bathhouse (Latin).

Caldo verde – green broth. A soup made from potatoes, collard greens, olive oil, black pepper and salt, garlic and onion (Portuguese).

Castrum – Roman fort (Latin).

Cavea – seating sections of Roman theatres and amphitheatres (Latin).

CDXXXVI – Year of 436 AD (Roman numeral).

Cena – dinner (Latin).

Centenarius – officer rank. A commander of a centuria (Late Roman Army).

Centēsimātiōselection of one person in every hundred for execution (Latin)

Centuria / Centuryancient Roman military unit of 80 soldiers.

Chanteureuse préféré – favourite singer (French).

Chantilly crème – whipped cream (French).

Cheétisbaailichitche – aromatic sage (Crow Indian).

Clearinghouse – station that takes the opposite position of each side of slave traders.

Cocchiere – coachman (Italian).

Cohortancient Roman military unit of 480 soldiers.

Collaboration horizontale – refers to the sexual relationship many French women had with members of the German occupation forces after the fall of France (French).

Cottar – farm labourer, living in a cottage, rent-free (Scottish).

Couves – cabbages (Portuguese).

Crème glacé – icecream (French).

Cubiculum – sleeping chamber (Latin).

Daub – a mixture of clay, straw, dung and water (English).

Des jours de rois – the day of the kings (French)

Domine – sir (Latin).

Domus – private home (Latin).

Dolabra – a double-sided tool with an axe on one side and a pickaxe on the other (Latin).

Equitum – master of the cavalry (Latin).

Fabricae – Workshops (Latin).

Faðir – Father (Norse).

Frankish Empire – predecessor of the France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany.

Frigidarium – large cold pool in Roman public bathhouse (Latin).

Gladius – Roman sword (Latin).

Heimr – home (Norse).

Heimar – homes (Norse).

Horrea – Granary (Latin).

Hôpital des Enfants-Trouvés – A foundling hospital / a Parisian religious institution for the hospitality of deprived and abandoned children (French).

Ientaculum – breakfast (Latin).

Iihtsipáítapiiyo’pa – God (Blackfoot Indian).

Ima cavea – seating section in lowest part of a cavea, usually reserved for the upper echelons of society (Latin).

Immunes – soldiers who possesses specialised skills, exempt from the more tedious and dangerous tasks other soldiers were required to do (Late Roman Army).

Insulae – cramped apartment buildings (Latin).

Isbaapíte – grandchild (Crow Indian).

Jǫtunn – giant troll (Norse).

Kingdom of Noregr – Norway (Norse).

Kornbretaland – Cornwall (Norse).

Kummé – drumming and singing (Crow Indian).

Langhús – longhouse (Norse).

La Boutique de L’amour – the love shop (French).

Le Galarie des Glaces – the Hall of Mirrors (French).

Le Gran Monarque – The Grand Monarch (French).

Lèse-majesté – term meaning “to do wrong to majesty” (French).

Levadasaqueducts of many kilometres in length, bordering mountains to carry water (Portuguese).

Limes Germanicus – Germanic frontier (Latin).

Limitanei – soldiers in frontier districts (Late Roman Army).

Lisboa – Lisbon, Portugal.

Madre – Mother (Italian).

Mãe – Mother (Portuguese).

Magister equitum – master of the calvary (Latin).

Magister militum – master of the soldiers (Latin).

Mater – Mother (Latin).

Materfamilias – Mother of the family (Latin).

Media cavea – seating section that follows the ima cavea, open to the public, though mostly reserved for men (Latin).

Mensa – table (Latin).

Móðir – Mother (Norse).

Mulatto – person with one white and one black parent (Portuguese).

Ne plus ultra – the most extreme (French).

Palazzo Vecchio – “Old Palace” – The town hall of Florence, Italy.

Padre – Father (Italian).

Pater – Father (Latin).

Patera – shallow bowl (Latin).

Paterae – plural of patera (Latin).

Paterfamilias – head of family who looked after family’s business affairs (Latin).

Pedes – ancient Roman unit of length.

Praetorium – commanding officer’s private quarters (Late Roman Army).

Primicerius – experienced officer, similar to a regimental sergeant major (Late Roman Army).

Principia – building for administrative offices of the fort and where soldiers’ pay was stored (Latin).

Puls – Porridge (Latin).

Reino de Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal.

Salon de thé – Tea room (French).

Seigneurie banale – lord who exercises his banal rights (French).

Semper Paratus – always at the ready (Latin).

Scutum – Roman shield (Latin).

Sica – short sword (Late Roman Army).

Sipátsimo – sweetgrass (Blackfoot Indian).

SPQR (Senātus Populus que Rōmānus) – tattoo of dots tattooed on the arms of Roman soldiers as identification.

Soupe à l’oignon – soup made of onions and beef stock, served with croutons and melted cheese on top (French)

Sukala – large family dwelling (African).

Summa cavea – seating section in highest part of a cavea and open to women and children (Latin).

Taberna – shop (Latin).

Tepidarium – large warm pool in Roman public bathhouse (Latin).

The Kingdom of Noregr – Norway.

Thermae – public bathhouses (Latin).

Titre de courtoise – courtesy title used by children of members of the nobility (French).

Tjǫrn – lake (Norse).

Tribulum – Roman tool used for threshing wheat, usually pulled by oxen (Latin).

Tribune/tribunus – officer of the Roman army (Latin).

Tribuni angusticlavii – senior military officers (Late Roman Army).

Tribunus augusticlavius– senior military officer (Late Roman Army).

Triclinium – dining room (Latin).

Trǫll – troll (Norse).

Trumeau – mirror (French).

Ugla – night owl (Norse).

Valet de Chambre – manservant (French).