Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
Abramson, Norman, 186
Adobe Systems, 374, 396
Advanced Research Projects Agency. See ARPA
Advanced Systems Division (ASD), 282–84, 357
commercialization of Alto and, 278, 283–86
Alarm clock worm, 298
ALOHAnet, xiv, 186–87, 189
Alpha, 198
Altair 8800, xvi, 323, 333, 334
Alto, xv, xix–xxiv, xxvii, 141, 163, 167–77, 212, 224–25, 233, 261, 274, 303, 321, 324, 326, 330, 333, 357, 389, 395
Apple and, 335–36, 338–43
asynchronous architecture and, 252–53
Bilbo and, 326
Bravo and, 194–95, 198–200, 208–9, 210, 283, 310
BravoX and, 283
commercialization of, xvi, xxvii, 278, 282–88, 357, 392–93
Cookie Monster and, xv, xxii–xxiii, 81, 198, 231, 233
cost of, 176
diagnostic program for, 294
display of, 171, 172–75, 176, 239
Draw and, 212
Elkind and, 168, 175, 278, 282–84
Ellenby and, 261–65, 268, 278, 283, 284–88
Ethernet and, 141, 176, 184–93, 212, 250, 251, 343
Futures Day and, 266, 271–72, 278, 280, 393
Goldman and, 278, 282–83
Gypsy and, 194–95, 207–10, 283
interactivity and, xxi, 169, 170–71, 172–73
Kay and, xv, xxi, 167–68, 169, 170, 175, 220–28, 239, 283, 316
Kearns and, 286, 287, 288
Lampson and, xv, 141, 167–68, 171, 173–74, 175–76, 194, 195, 198, 206, see also Bravo
manufacturing process and, 261–62
Markup and, 212
MAXC and, 175, 176
McCreight and, 141, 169, 176–77
musical synthesizer and, 221
OfficeTalk and, 285
Penguin and, 285
POLOS and, 205–7, 210, 307
at public school, 222–24, 314–15
reset switch and, 289
SIL and, 212, 319
Simonyi and, 283, 284, 357
Smalltalk and, 220–21, 222–23
software course for executives using, 274–75
success of, 211–12
Taylor and, 3, 170–71, 205–6, 211
text editor for, 194, 195, 198, see also Bravo
Thacker and, xv, xix–xxiv, 4, 141, 163, 167–77, 174, 175, 212, 250–51, 289
Twang and, 221–22
Worm crashing, 289–90, 294–98
Xerox and, 285–88, 392, 393, 395
Xerox Model 850 versus, 264, 265, 274
Alto II, 262–63
Alto III, 263–65, 268, 350
850 word processor versus, 264, 265, 283
Ames Research Center, 197
Apple Computer, 329, 369–70
Apple II and, 332, 357, 358
eMate and, 321
Goldberg and, 330, 335–36, 337, 338–40
Hall and, 334–35, 337, 338, 339, 340
Jobs and, xvi, xvii, xxiii, 329–45, 369–70, 389, 391
Lisa and, xvii, xviii, 337–38, 341–42, 343, 344
Macintosh and, xvi, xvii, xviii, xxiv, 329, 340, 341–42, 343, 344, 370, 389, 391, 395–96
Microsoft versus, xxv, 395–96
size of, 392
Smalltalk and, 335–36, 338–43
Tesler and, 330, 333–34, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340–41, 342, 344–45
VisiCalc and, 332
Wozniak and, xvi, 332
Architecture of information, 394
Archival memory, 123
Argus 700, 262
ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), 11–12, 13, 14, 42–43, 118
ARPANET and, 43–46, 48, 78
Augmentation Research Center and, 64, 65
Berkeley 500 and, 78
grants of, 61
graphics and, 43, 231
Illiac IV and, 197
Licklider and, 11, 12–14, 18, 44
LINC and, 42
Mansfield Amendment and, 47–48
PDP—10 and, 98
Pup shared with, 291–93
research conferences and, 16–17
Taylor and, 14–20, 42–43, 90, 146
University of Utah and, 90
Vietnam War and, 45–47
See also IPTO
ARPANET, xiii, 48, 78, 171, 180, 184, 266
IMPs and, 118, 320
as “internet,” 291–93
MAXC and, 115, 183–84
PDP—10 and, 98
POLOS Novas and, 189
Pup and, 291–93
Taylor and, 8, 43–45, 48
VLSI and, 310
Artificial intelligence, 91, 98
Bobrow and, 121, 237, 261
ASCII, 135, 139
“As We May Think” (Bush), 63
Asynchronous architecture, 252–53
Atkinson, Bill, 340, 342–43
Atlantic Richfield Company, 284
AT&T, 30, 53, 57, 391
Augmentation Research Center, 63–67
Aurora Systems, 241
Ballmer, Steve, 358–59
Bardeen, John, 57, 160
Barker, Ben, 180
Bates, Roger, 173
Bauer, Bob, 59
Beat the Dealer (Thorp), 146
Beaudelaire, Patrick, 212, 231
Becker, Joe, 369
Bell, Alexander Graham, xxiii
Belleville, Bob, 250–52, 253, 369–70
Bendix LGP30 computer, 70
Berkeley Computer Corporation, xiv, 68–69, 73–79, 106, 107–8, 197, 230
500 computer and, 76, 78, 109
Genie and, 69, 70, 72–73
1 computer and, 74–76
Biegelsen, David, 52–53, 58, 152
“Biggerism,” Thacker and, xx, 75
Bilbo, 326
Billboard worm, 298
BitBlt, Ingalls and, xv, 226–28, 342
Bitmapped screen
Alto and, 173–74, 272
Star and, 362, 364
Blue books, 291
Bobrow, Daniel G., 261, 376, 399
artificial intelligence and, 121, 237, 261
Bolt, Beranek & Newman and, 121, 280, 301
Elkind and, 280, 281, 282
Boeing Corporation, 284
Boggs, David R., 178–79, 399
Alto and, 294
Ethernet and, 141, 176, 187–92
Futures Day and, 267, 272
Novas and, 188
Worm and, 290–91
Bolt, Beranek & Newman, 76, 118, 119, 120, 121, 180, 265–66, 280, 301, 320
Boolean logic, 109, 304
“Bose Conspiracy,” 152–53
Box Named Joe, A, 222
Brand, Stewart
Rolling Stone and, xv, 155–62, 204, 223
Whole Earth Catalog and, 157
Bravo, 208–9, 210, 227, 283, 310, 373
Lampson and, 194, 195, 198, 199, 201
Simonyi and, xv, 194–95, 198–201
BravoX, 283–84, 285, 364
Simonyi and, 283, 357, 360
Brittain, William, 57
Brooks, Frederick, 74, 76
Brown, John Seely, 302, 386, 399
Brunner, John, 295–96, 297, 298–99
Brushes, Alto and, 174
Building 34, 140
Burroughs, 24, 89, 101
Bush, Vannevar, 63–64, 67, 122
Buvall, Bill, 64
C++, xiv
Campbell, Sandy, 381–82
“Capability Investment Proposal” (Ellenby), 285, 286–87, 288
Card, Stuart, 302
Carlson, Chester, 22, 35, 130, 350, 393
Carnegie-Mellon, 43
Carter, Jimmy, 283–84
Carter, Shelby H., 285–86, 287, 363
CD-ROM, 55, 123
Cedar, 325
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 336
Character generator. See Research Character Generator
Cheadle, Ed, 93
Checksum, Ethernet and, 190–91
Chess machine (IBM PC), 360, see also IBM
Children
LOGO and, 91–92
Minicom and, 164, 165
Notetaker and, 327–28
Smalltalk and, 92, 222–24, 314–15
Chowning, John, 221
Cisco Systems, 390
CIT, 29
Citibank, 248, 249
Citicorp, 249
Clarke, Arthur C., 298–99
Clark, James
Geometry Engine and, xvii, 300–301, 311
Silicon Graphics Incorporated and, xvii, 301, 311
VLSI and, 310–11
Clark, Wes, 4, 13, 69, 79, 92, 119, 265
IMPs and, 118
LINC and, 41–43, 320
TX—2 and, 13, 14, 41, 90, 110, 176–77, 212
COBOL, 101–2
Color computer monitor, 211
Color graphics, Superpaint and, 229–41
Color printer, Futures Day and, 271
Commercial division. See Systems Development Division
Commercialization
of Alto, xvi, xxvii, 278, 282–88, 357, 392–93
of Ethernet, xvii, 363–64, 392
of laser printer, 141–44, 395
size of company and, 392–93
of Star, xviii, 395–96
Committee for Green Foothills, 254
Commodore PET, 323, 333, 334
Compact audio discs, 123
Compact disks, 55
Computer-aided design, 301
“Computer as a Communications Device, The” (Taylor and Licklider), 8–9
Computer games, 154
Computer monitor, color, 211
Computer-on-a-chip, 334
Computer Science Laboratory (CSL), 61, 62, 95, 177, 181–82, 354–55
Bear Hollow resort offsite and, 376–77
BitBlt and, 227–28
Bravo and, 227
Building 34 and, 140
collegiality and, 151, 152
conflicts with other labs and, 371–73
Dealer and, 145–50
Dorado and, 318–21, 322, 324–26, 327
Elkind and, 118–21, 279–82
graphics and, 55, 373
management of, 54
Minicom and, 164–67
networking and, 185
office of the future and, 233, 235, 237
PDP—10 and, 98, 103, 105, 106, 108, see also MAXC
PDP—11 and, 248
POLOS and, 206
resignations from, 384, 385–86
Rolling Stone and, 157, 161
Shoup and, 229–40
Superpaint and, 229–40
System Center and, 356
Taylor and, xiv, 55, 279, 280, 281, 375–87
VLSI and, 305, 309
See also Alto
Congress, 284
Control Data, 24, 101
6600 and, 89
Conway, Lynn A., 149, 399
internal conflict and, 372–73
Sierra and, 306
VLSI and, xvi, 300, 304–11
Cookie Monster, Alto and, xv, xxii–xxiii, 81, 198, 231, 233
Copiers, 36, 347, 348, 393
Eastman Kodak and, 259, 269
IBM and, xiv, 56, 259
Japan and, 259, 313, 394
Moses and, 268–69
1970s and, 55–56
pricing regime of, 392–93
size of Xerox and, 392–93
Xerox Model 914 and, 22, 35, 55–56, 256, 274
Xerox Model 3100 and, 312–13
Xerox Model 7000 and, 138, 142, 143
Xerox Model 9000 and, 143–44
Core memories, 110–11
Cost analysis, 390
“Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits” (Moore), 89
Creative destruction model, Schumpeter and, 392
Crocker, Steve, 185
Culbertson, Dave, 361
Currie, Rigdon, 19, 99–100, 103, 104, 255–56
Curry, Jim, 54, 231
Dandelion, 252–53
Data General, 184
Data processing, 100–103
Data Processing Financial and General, 74
Dealer, 145–50, 182, 281, 308, 382
Deep Blue, 296
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 48, see also ARPA
Desktop metaphor, Star and, 364
Desktop publishing, 194–210
Bravo and, 194–95, 198–201, 208–9, 210, 227, 283, 310, 373
Gypsy and, xv, 194–95, 207–10, 223
See also VLSI
Dessauer, John H., 22, 23, 133, 350
Deutsch, Barbara, 146
Deutsch, L. Peter, 70–72, 78, 118, 146, 227, 230, 280, 399
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 69
Cedar and, 325
Genie and, 72–73
Pendery Papers and, 124
Diagnostic program, for Alto, 294
DiFrancesco, David, 240
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), 5
MAXC and, 7
PDP—1 and, 71, 72
PDP—10 and, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104–6, 108
Systems Research Center and, 385–86
VAX—11/780 and, 325
Xerox and, 24–25
Xerox-Intel-DEC Ethernet standard and, xvii, 364
Digital photo-optical media, 123
Disk controller, 112
Disney, Walt, Company, Kay and, 81, 82, 83
Display
Alto and, 171, 172–75, 176, 239
Augmentation Research Center and, 65
flat-panel, 93–94
Licklider and, 10, 13–14
Minicom and, 164
Pendery Papers and, 124
Star and, 364, 365–66
Taylor and, 8–9, 124
Display Word Processing Task Force, Alto III and, 263, 265
D machines, 253
Dolphin, 250–53, 320
Dorado, xvii, 318–21, 322, 324–26, 327
Doriot, Georges, 25
Dover, 265–66, 310
Draw, 212
Duvall, William, 205, 307, 399
Dynabook, xiii, 94, 163, 164, 175, 211, 216, 321, 327, 336
Minicom and, 163–67
EARS, 141–42, 191–92
Eastman Kodak, 56, 259, 269
ECL (emitter-coupled logic), 320
8010 Information System. See Star
850 word processor, Alto III versus, 264, 265, 283
Electro-Optical Systems, 33, 133
1103 memories, 110–11, 114
Elkind, Jerome I., 158, 167, 181, 192, 215, 237, 240, 255, 261, 266, 282, 320, 357, 361, 399
Advanced Systems Division and, 278, 282–84
Alto and, 168, 175, 278, 282–84
Bolt, Beranek & Newman and, 118, 119, 120, 301
Computer Science Laboratory and, 118–21, 279–82
Minicom and, 165–66, 167
Pake and, 119–21, 280, 282
Taylor and, 118–19, 120–21, 279
Ellenby, John, 211, 260–66, 390, 399–400
Alto and, 261–65, 268, 278, 283, 284–88
cost analysis and, 390
Futures Day and, 266–73
Grid Systems and, 287–88
laser printer (Dover) and, 265–66
E-mail, xxv, 123, 212
eMate, 321
Emmy, for Shoup and Xerox, 241
Engelbart, Douglas C., 4, 123, 157, 166, 180, 201, 203, 205, 206, 210, 228, 250
Augmentation Research Center and, 63–67
interactivity and, 4, 64
memex and, 66
mouse and, 4, 65–66, 210
NLS and, 65, 67, 207
English, William K., 67, 157, 164, 166–67, 176, 188, 203, 205, 206, 215, 307
Minicom and, 166–67
POLOS and, 307
Star and, 369
Ergonomics, 302, 307
Ether, Ethernet and, 188, 190
Ethernet, xiv, 141, 176, 261, 290, 390
Alto and, 141, 176, 184–93, 212, 250, 251, 343
Boggs and, 141, 176, 187–92
commercialization of, xvii, 363–64, 392
e-mail and, 212
Futures Day and, 271
Metcalfe and, xiv, xv, 141, 176, 184–93, 323, 324, 363
Notetaker and, 323–24
polling program for (Worm), 289–90, 293–99
Pup for, 291–93
Systems Development Division and, 249
Xerox-Intel-DEC Ethernet standard and, xvii, 364
Ethernet-polling program (Worm), 289–90, 293–99
Evans, David, 43, 48, 72, 73, 90, 92–93
Existential worm, 298
Exxon, 391
Facilitator, 180
Fairbairn, Douglas, 327, 400
Notetaker and, 322, 324–26
POLOS and, 307
VLSI and, 305, 306–7, 308, 309, 310
Fairchild Semiconductor Co., 89
Fall Joint Computer Conference (1968), 65–66, 67
Fax, 272, 307, 308
Ferranti & Co., 260, 262, 288
Ferrite core memory, 110
Fiala, Edward R., 78, 400
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 76–77
Bolt, Beranek and Newman and, 76
Dorado and, 324
MAXC and, 110, 113–14
File servers, 272
Fisher, Fritz, 236–37
Flegal, Robert, 54, 147, 231
FLEX machine, 79, 93–94, 109
Floating-point bug, Fiala and, 113–14
Floppy disk, 123
FM, 221
Ford, Henry, II, 30
Ford Motor Company, 22, 27, 28, 30, 34–35
Forrester, Jay, 110
Frame buffer, 231
Superpaint and, 229–41
Fuji Xerox, 369
Futures Day, xvi–xvii, 266–73, 373
Alto and, 266, 271–72, 278, 280, 393
software course for executives following, 274–78
Galeener, Frank, 40
Galley editor, 340
Gandalf, 326
Garage, Dorado and, 321, 322, 324–26, 327
“Gates,” DEC and, 108–9
Gates, Bill, xvi, xxiii, xxv, 358–60, 398
General Electric, 18, 24, 101, 393
General Science Laboratory (GSL), 50, 215, 355
collegiality and, 152
management by, 55
salary and, 61
Science Center and, 356
solid-state technologies and, 55
Genie, 25, 43, 100
ARPA and, 18–20
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 69, 70, 72–73
“Geometry Engine,” James Clark and, xvii, 300–301, 311
Geschke, Charles M. (Chuck), 148–49, 282, 373, 400, 403
Adobe Systems and, 374, 396
“Bose Conspiracy” and, 152–53
departure of, 395
Futures Day and, 266–67, 273
Interpress and, 373, 374
on Xerox, 396
Ginn & Co., 203–5, 207–10
Glavin, Bill, 385
Goldberg, Adele, 92, 215, 216, 222, 223, 244, 278, 330, 400
Apple and, 330, 335–36, 337, 338–40
Notetaker and, 317, 318, 321–22
Smalltalk and, 328, 335, 336, 386
software course following Futures Day and, 275, 276–77
Goldeen, Marian, 222, 223
Goldman, Jacob E. (Jack), xiii, 29–32, 57, 132, 133–34, 223–24, 244, 400
Alto and, 278, 282–83
collegiality and, 59–60
Computer Science Laboratory and, 61
copier and, 128
Coyote Hill Road building and, 254
demotion of, 346–47, 349–52
laser printer and, 141, 142–43, 390, 394–95
McColough and, 346, 347, 350, 351
Pake and, xiii, 34–38, 346, 351–52
PARC dedication and, 53, 54
PARC’s ambiance and, 277–78
proposal for PARC (“Advanced Scientific & Systems Laboratory”) and, xiii, 29–32
recruitment and, 153–54
Rolling Stone and, 160
salary scale and, 61
software course following Futures Day and, 274, 275
Systems Development Division and, 243
Tribus and, 348, 349
Xerox’s purchase of Scientific Data Systems and, 21–22, 23–24, 25, 27–28
Graphical user interface, xvi, 141, 389
Alto and, 342, 343
BitBlt and, 226–28
Bravo and, 208
Engelbart and, 4, 64
Lisa and, 342
POLOS and, 203
Star and, 362, 364
See also Icons; Pop-up menus
Graphics, xxv, 55, 61
Bravo and, 208–9
Licklider and, 13–14
Sketchpad and, 90–91
Smalltalk and, 220
Superpaint and, 229–41
Taylor and, 15, 43, 90, 231
University of Utah and, 90, 92–93, 231, 311
VLSI and, 303–11
Greybeards, 320, 376, 382, 383–84
Grid Systems, 288
Gunning, William F. (Bill), 49, 54–55, 62, 94, 95, 120, 148, 244
Apple and, 334–35
Gypsy, Mott and Tesler and, xv, 194–95, 207–10, 283
Hall, Harold H., 148–49, 224, 242, 243–45, 352, 355, 378, 390
Apple and, 334–35, 337, 338, 339, 340
Science Center and, 356
Haloid Company, 22, 35
Hardwired computer, DEC and, 108–9
Hardy, 212
Harrold, Greg, 80
Herzfeld, Charles, 44, 45, 47
Hewlett, Bill, 53
Hewlett-Packard, 53, 332, 342, 393
Hidden-line problem, 93
Hoefler, Don, xiv
Holography, Starkweather and, 129
Homebrew Computer Club, 324, 334, 344
Honeywell, 24, 101, 118, 256
HSV transform, Superpaint and, 236
Hupp, Jon, 294
Hypertext, 59, 66
IBM, xxvi, 24, 25, 26, 243, 305
Chess machine and, 360, see also Personal Computer (PC)
copiers and, xiv, 56, 259
data processing and, 100–101
Deep Blue and, 296
electric typewriters and, xxiii, 51
1401 and, 84
laser printer and, 390
Metaphor and, 370
network and, 184, 363–64
Personal Computer (PC) and, xviii, xxiv, 212, 360, 368–69, 370, 389, 391, 395
standardized architectures and, 88
305 RAMAC and, 87–88, 89
time-sharing and, 19
Yorktown Heights research center, 30
Icons, xvi, 389
Alto and, 174
Gypsy and, 209
Star and, 365
Ideaspace Central, 80–81, 83, 92, 149–50, 167, 214, 215, 217, 235, 316, 397
Illiac IV, 78, 197
IMPs (Interface Message Processors), 118, 320
Information Processing Techniques Office. See IPTO
Information Technology Group, 347, 362
Ingalls, Daniel H., 214, 216, 217, 224, 227, 228, 330, 400
Apple and, 341
BitBlt and, xv, 226–28, 342
Sigma—3 and, 214
Smalltalk and, 316–17
Integrated Circuits laboratory (IC lab), 353–54, 356
Integrated circuits, silicon-based
IC lab and, 353–54, 356
VLSI and, 303–11
See also Microprocessors
Integrated circuit technologies, Pendery Papers and, 123
Integrated software, 364
Intel, 303, 305, 307, 311, 312, 317, 334
8008 chip and, 303
8086 chip and, 322–23
1103 chip and, 110–11, 116, 294
4004 chip and, 303, 306
Xerox-Intel-DEC Ethernet standard and, xvii, 364
x86/Pentium and, 322
Intelligent Systems Laboratory, 386
Interactive video conferencing, Augmentation Research Center and, 65
Interactivity, 4, 14, 66–67, 79, 141, 203
Alto and, xxi, 169, 170–71, 172–73
Augmentation Research Center and, 63–67
Licklider and, 9, 12–13
mouse and, 65, 66
NLS and, 65, 67, 207, 210
Sketchpad and, 14
Taylor and, 5, 15, 17–20, 49, 62–67, 79, 169, 184, 185
See also ARPANET; Ethernet; Graphical user interface; Internet; Networks
Interface Message Processors. See IMPs
Interlisp, 113–14
Internet, xxv, 5, see also ARPANET
“Internet,” protocol linking, 291–93
Interpress, 373–74
Intrapreneuring, Mead and, 311–13
IPTO (Information Processing Techniques Office), 12, see also ARPA
Irby, Charles, 362, 366
Japan, 384
copiers and, 259, 394
Star and, 369
Java, xiv
Jeffers, Chris, 86–87, 145, 147, 151, 215, 216, 224, 400
Jerrold tap, 191
Jobs, Steven P., xvi, xvii, xxiii, 329–45, 369–70, 389, 391
Johnson, Clifton, 86
Johnson, Lyndon B., 45–46
Johnson, Ron, 366
Jones, Richard E., 58, 62, 95, 117, 254
“Bose Conspiracy” and, 152–53
PARC dedication and, 53, 54
PARC facility set up by, 38–40
Rolling Stone and, 155, 156
SLOT and, 141
softball team and, 150–51
Jordan School, Smalltalk taught at, 222–24, 314–15
Jurassic Park, xxv
Kaehler, Ted, 210, 215, 217, 225, 297, 400
Ooze and, 276–77
Twang and, 221–22
Kay, Alan C., 17, 79–96, 107–8, 116, 122, 128, 145, 147, 150, 163, 166–67, 187–88, 213–26, 234, 240–41, 244, 307, 308, 385, 391, 400
Alto and, xv, xxi, 167–68, 169, 170, 175, 220–28, 239, 283, 316
Alto III and, 265
BitBlt and, 226–28
“Bose Conspiracy” and, 152–53
childhood of, 85–88
children and, 164, 165, 167, 222–24, 314–15
Dealer and, 146
departure from PARC, 327–28
Disney and, 81, 82, 83
display and, 124, 173–74
dissertation (“The Reactive Engine”) and, xiii, 93–94
Dynabook and, xiii, 94, 163, 164, 175, 211, 216, 321, 327, 336
Ethernet and, 190
FLEX machine and, 79, 93–94, 109
graphical user interface and, 141
graphics and, 91
Lisa and, 343
Microcode and, 109–10
Minicom and, 163–67
Notetaker and, 317–19, 321–24, 326–27
Novas and, 167
object-oriented programming and, 219–20
Pajaro Dunes and, 216, 316, 317, 328
PDP—10 and, 106
personal computer and, 81, 89, 93–94, 95
programming and, 83–84, 85–86, 88–89, 92, 218–19
Rolling Stone and, 81, 157, 158, 160, 161–62
Smalltalk and, 92, 164, 217–18, 220–21, 222–24, 314–16, 317
software course following Futures Day and, 275, 276
University of Utah and, 81, 90–93
See also Ideaspace Central; Learning Research Group
Kearns, David T., 270, 285–86, 350–51, 352, 381, 385–86
Alto and, 286, 287, 288
copiers and, 394
Futures Day and, 273
Greybeards and, 383–84
intrapreneuring and, 312–13
PARC culture and, 278
software course following Futures Day and, 274
Kennedy, John F., 11
Keyset, POLOS and, 201
KiddiComp. See Dynabook
Kissinger, Henry, 269
Laboratory Instrument Computer. See LINC
Lahr, Roy, 334–35, 338, 339, 340
Lampson, Butler W., 69–70, 71, 78, 94, 118, 227, 230, 250, 282, 305, 306, 384, 391, 400
Alto and, xv, 141, 167–68, 171, 173–74, 175–76, 194, 195, 198, 206, see also Bravo
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 69–70, 74–75, 76, 77, 107–8, 197
Bravo and, 194, 195, 198, 199, 201
Dandelion and, 252–53
Dealer and, 149–50
DEC Systems Research Center and, 385
Dorado and, 320, 321
1103 and, 111
Ethernet and, 188, 192
Genie and, 72–73
IC lab and, 353–54
Interpress and, 373
microcode and, 109
Microsoft and, 397
Notetaker and, 318
PDP—10 and, 105, 106, 108
POLOS and, 207
Research Character Generator and, 138–41
software and, 212–13
Star and, 362
Superpaint and, 237–38
Systems Development Division and, 367
Taylor and, 6–7, 378, 383
VLSI and, 309
on Xerox, 396
LANs (local area networks), 291–93
Lanza, 71
Laptop computers, 288
Large-scale integration. See LSI
Laser, Maiman’s ruby device and, 128–29
Laser printers, xxv, xxvii, 31, 55, 127–44, 185, 265–66, 348, 378, 390, 394–95
commercialization of, 141–44, 395
Dover and, 265–66, 310
Ethernet and, 191–92
Goldman and, 141, 142–43, 390, 394–95
IBM and, 390
Interpress and, 373
Lawrence Livermore and, 350
Penguin and, 285
Pimlico and, 271
Research Character Generator and, 138–41
SLOT and, 127–38, 139, 140, 141, 143
spinoff for, 394–95
Starkweather and, xiv, 152, 185
Xerox and, 127–28, 129, 131–34, 143–44, 390, 394–95
Xerox Model 7000 and, 143
Xerox Model 9700 and, 144, 271, 390
Laurel, 212
Learning Research Group, 214–17, 275, 328, 386
Alto and, 169, 220–28, 239, 276
graphical user interface and, 141
Jobs and, 337, 338, 341
Notetaker and, 321–24, 327
Ooze and, 276–77
Smalltalk and, 163–64, 220–28, 276, 316
Legal department, of Xerox, xxvi–xxvii, 223, 291–93
Leibovitz, Annie, 158
Lennox, Donald, 243, 244–45, 246
Lewis, Jack, 144, 390
Licklider, J.C.R., 119
ARPA and, 11, 12–14, 18, 44
ARPANET and, 44
display and, 10, 13–14
ergonomics and, 302
interactivity and, 9, 12–13
Taylor and, 8–9, 11, 15
time-sharing and, 18
Liddle, David, 191, 192, 248–49, 366, 401
Ethernet and, 363–64
Metaphor Computer and, 370
Star and, 361–62, 363, 369, 370
Systems Development Division and, 242–43, 245, 248–49, 252, 278
LINC (Laboratory Instrument Computer), 41–43, 211, 265, 320
Lincoln Lab (MIT), 42, 45
Lisa (Apple), xvii, xviii, 337–38, 341–42, 343, 344
Lisp, 98, 113, 114, 121, 220
Livermore, Lawrence, National Laboratory, 142, 350, 390
Local area networks. See LANs
LOGO, 91–92, 164, 222
Lost decade, 55–57, 394
Low-end computing, 358
LSI (large-scale integration), 303
Lucas, George, 240
Lucasfilm, 240
Lucovsky, Gerald, 55, 215
Luggable computers, 326
Lyman, Richard, 53
MacBird, Bonnie, 82, 328
McCardell, Archie, 255, 264, 265, 270, 274, 347, 350, 362
McColough, C. Peter, 36, 384, 394
Alto III and, 268
copiers and, 394
data processing and, 99–100
Goldman and, 346, 347, 350, 351
Goldman’s proposal for PARC and, 29, 31–32
intrapreneuring and, 312
laser printer spinoff and, 395
Moses and, 269
Odyssey and, 255–56
PARC dedication and, 53, 54
software course following Futures Day and, 274
Systems Development Division and, 255, 259
Xerox’s purchase of Scientific Data Systems and, xiii, 21–32, 259
Xerox World Conference (1977) and, 259–60, 267–69, 270, 273
McCreight, Edward M., 107, 115, 170, 172, 221, 279, 280, 282, 377, 401
Alto and, 141, 169, 176–77
MAXC and, 112–13
McGurk, Dan, 99, 102, 255
Macintosh (Apple), xvi, xvii, xviii, xxiv, 329, 340, 341–42, 343, 344, 370, 389, 391, 395–96
McLuhan, Marshall, 83, 317
Magic squares, 196
Maiman, Theodore, 128–29
Mainframe computers, xxv, 71–72
Mansfield Amendment, 47–48, 60
Mantissa, 113
Markup, 212
Martin Aircraft, 10
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 43, 180
ARPANET and, 180
LINC and, 41–43
Multics and, 18
time-sharing and, 18, 41
Massaro, Don, 363–64, 370
MAXC (Multiple Access Xerox Computer), 6–7, 106–16, 117, 151, 153, 161, 169, 170, 172, 232, 303, 321
Alto and, 175, 176
ARPANET and, 183–84
Fiala and, 110, 113–14
McCreight and, 112–13
“Munger” and, 182–84
Thacker and, 107, 110, 114–15, 183–84
Mead, Carver A., 80, 82, 83, 302–3, 307–8, 401
intrapreneuring and, 311–13
LSI and, 303
silicon-based integrated circuits and, 305
VLSI and, xvi, 303–5, 308, 309, 310, 311
Medium-scale integration. See MSI
Memex, 64, 66
Memorex, Lynn and, 305, 306
Memory
archival, 123
core, 110–11
Intel 1103 and, 110–11, 114
optical, 55
semiconductor and, xxv–xxvi, 110–11
virtual, 75, 276
volatile, 110
Memory boards, MAXC and, 114–15
Menehune, 186, 187
Menus. See Pop-up menus
Merry-Shapiro, Diana, 215, 216, 225, 277, 316, 326, 328, 387, 401
Apple and, 330, 340
galley editor and, 340
Mesa, 319
Metaphor Computer, 370
Meta-programming, 197–98
Metcalfe, Robert M. (Bob), 149, 178–84, 280, 361, 401
Bolt, Beranek & Newman and, 180, 301
Citibank and, 192–93
departure of, 395
Ethernet and, xiv, xv, 141, 176, 184–93, 323, 324, 363
MAXC and, 182–84
Pup and, 291–93
Systems Development Division and, 248, 250, 251–52
3Com Corporation and, 358
on Xerox, 396
Microcode, xxii, 108–9
Microparallel processing, Alto and, 172
Microprocessors
Intel and, 303, 322
Notetaker and, 317–18
Microsoft
Apple versus, xxv, 395–96
challenges to, 391
Gates and, xvi, xxiii, 358–60, 398
Research, 397–98
Simonyi and, xviii, 5, 358–60, 395, 397
Windows and, xvi, 389
Word and, 389–90, 395
Microsystems International Ltd., 114
Minicom, 163–67
Minsky, Marvin, 91
Mitchell, James G. (Jim), 78, 120, 123, 165, 279–80, 282, 380, 401
Modes, interface design and, 208
Moore, Gordon, 89, 110, 111, 303
Moore, Jay, 199
Moore’s Law, 89, 94, 123–24, 171, 263, 303, 325, 349
Moran, Tom, 302
Morris, James H. (Jim), 148–49, 169, 325, 401
Moses, 268–69
Motorola, 311
computer-on-a chip and, 334
68000 microprocessor, 370
Mott, Timothy, 302, 401
Alto and, 283
Futures Day and, 267
Gypsy and, xv, 194–95, 207–10
POLOS and, 203–5, 206
Mouse, 307, 389
Alto and Futures Day and, 272
Augmentation Research Center and, 65, 66
BitBlt and, 227, 228
Bravo and, 210
Engelbart and, 4, 65–66, 210
ergonomics of, 307
Gypsy and, 209, 210
Lisa and, 342–43
Star and, 247, 366
Xerox and, 366
MSI (medium-scale integration), 303
Multics, 18
Multilingual, Star as, 364–65
Multiple Access Xerox Computer. See MAXC
Multitasking, 113
“Munger,” MAXC and, 182–83
Musical synthesizer, Alto and, 221
National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, 241
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 11, 13, 64, 78
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 89
National Computer Conference trade show (1981), 362
National Institutes of Health, 42
National Semiconductor Corporation, 252
NCR, 101
Networked printers, Alto and Futures Day and, 272
Networks, 184–85
ALOHAnet and, 186–87
Alto and, 343
Licklider and, 14, see also ARPANET; Ethernet; Interactivity; POLOS
Newell, Alan, 148
Newman, William, 212, 302
Newton, Darwin M., 203–4
New York Institute of Technology, 240
NLS (oNLine System), 65, 67, 207, 210
Notetaker, xvii
children and, 327–28
Goldberg and, 317, 318, 321–22
Kay and, 317–19, 321–24, 326–27
Tesler and, 317, 318, 322, 323, 324, 327
Xerox and, 327, 328
Novas, xxii, 166, 167, 176, 177, 184–85, 188, 189, 202, 206
Obata, Gyo, 254
Object-oriented programming language, 219–20, 365, see also Smalltalk
Octal, Ural II and, 196
Odyssey, 255–56, 353
Office computer system. See Star
Office of the future, 123, 165, 233, 235, 237
Office Products Division, Systems Development Division and, 352–63
Office Systems Division, 361
OfficeTalk, 285, 302
Olson, Ken, 24, 385–86
O’Neill, James, 142–43, 247, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 366, 390
oNLine System. See NLS
Ooze, 276–77
Optical memory technology, 55
Optical Science Laboratory, 134–44, 356, 386
Orbit, 265
Ornstein, Severo, 41, 118, 147, 149, 265, 282, 373, 380, 382–83, 384, 401
Dorado and, 320–21
Overlapping screen windows, 225, 389
BitBlt and, xv, 226–28
Page description language
Adobe Systems and, 374
Interpress and, 373–74
Pajaro Dunes
Kay and, 216, 316, 317, 328
Learning Research Group and, 386
Spencer and, 379–80
Pake, George E., xiii, 5, 52, 122, 132, 148, 167, 223–24, 244, 312, 350, 374–75, 397, 401
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 67
collegiality and, 57–58, 59–60
Coyote Hill building and, 255
division of PARC and, 372
Elkind and, 119–21, 280, 282
General Science Laboratory and, 55
Goldman and, xiii, 34–38, 346, 351–52
laser printer and, 379
PARC as two research centers and, 356
PARC as utopia and, 281
PARC dedication and, 54
PARC development and, 34–38, 40
PDP-Sigma imbroglio and, 95, 105, 106, 111–12
recruiting by, 48–51, 52, 53, 62
Rolling Stone and, 155, 156, 159–60
salary scale and, 61
Spinrad and, 352–56, 379
Systems Development Division and, 243
Taylor and, xiv, 5, 40–41, 43, 48–51, 61–62, 117–18, 281, 356, 375, 378–79, 381, 385
Washington University and, 33–34
Palevsky, Max, 18–20, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31–32, 33, 49, 73, 99, 100, 112, 156, 401, see also Scientific Data Systems
Palo Alto Research Center. See PARC
Papert, Seymour, 218
LOGO and, 91–92, 164, 222
Parallel processing, Worm and, 289–90, 293–99
Paramount Pictures, Futures Day and, 267
PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), xiv
ambiance of, 277–78
Bardeen saving, 57, 160
collegiality at, 57–59, 150–53
at Coyote Hill Road, xv, xvi, 254–55
creative method of, 107
dedication of, 53–54
division of, 356, 372, 374–75
evaluation of Xerox’s role with, xxvi–xxvii, 55–57, 60–61, 95–96, 373, 389–98
future and, 122–24
Goldman’s proposal for, xiii, 29–32
governing principle of, xxii, xxvi
internal conflicts in, 372–73
invention at, xxiv–xxv
lost decade and, 55–57, 394
money earned for Xerox by, xxvi, 128, 144
name of, 30, 38
office of the future and, 123, 165, 233, 235, 237
opening of, 40
research agenda of, 55, 386
site of, 31, 32, 37–40
PARC Universal Packet. See Pup
Pattern sensitivity, Intel 1103 memory chip and, 114
PDP-1, 71, 72
PDP-10, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104–6, 108, 121, 124, see also MAXC
PDP-11, 248
Peeker, 298
Pendery, Don, 121–22, 143
Pendery Papers, 122–24
Penguin, 285
Personal computer, xxiii, 95, 391
Altair 8800 and, xvi, 323, 333, 334
Dorado and, xvii, 318–21, 322, 324–26, 327
Dynabook and, xiii, 94, 163–67, 175, 211, 216, 321, 327, 336
IBM PC and, xviii, xxiv, 212, 360, 368–69, 370, 389, 391, 395
Kay and, 81, 89, 93–94, 95
Minicom and, 163–67
Taylor and, 5, 8, 49
See also Alto; Lisa; Macintosh
Photoconductor fatigue, 130–31
Piaget, Jean, 91
Piece tables, 199
Pimlico, 271
Pirtle, Mel, 72, 73–74, 76, 77, 78, 197
Pixar, 240
Pixels, xxii, 164, 165
POLOS (PARC On-line Office System), 166, 170, 173, 176, 307
Alto and, 205–7, 210, 307
English and, 307
Fairbairn and, 307
Mott and, 203–5, 206
Novas and, 184–85, 188, 189, 202, 206
as obsolete, 206–7, 210
Tesler and, 201–3
Pop-up menus, xvi, 209
BitBlt and, xv, 227–28
Portable computer. See Notetaker
Postscript, 374
Potter, Robert, 263–64, 265, 287, 306, 362, 390
Printers. See Laser printers
Programming, 84–85
course on for executives, 274–78
simplicity and, 218–19
Project Genie. See Genie
Psychoacoustics, 11
Pub, 203, 207
Publication, legal aspects of, 291
Pup (PARC Universal Packet), 291–93
Raskin, Jef, 332–33
RCA, 101
RCG. See Research Character Generator
Rechtin, Eberhardt, 47
Research Character Generator (RCG), 138–41
Reset switch, 289
Rider, Ron, 170, 173, 401
Pimlico and, 271
Research Character Generator and, 138–41
Systems Development Division and, 245
Roberts, Lawrence G., 45, 48
Robson, Dave, 328, 386
Rock, Arthur, 26
Rolling Stone, xv, 81, 155–62, 204, 223
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 63
Rubber-banding, Sketchpad and, 91
Sauer, Frank, 286
Savin 750, 56
Scanning laser output terminal. See SLOT
Schockley, William, 57
Schumpeter, Joseph, 392
Science Center, 356
Scientific Data Systems (SDS)
data processing and, 100–103
Genie and, 100
930 computer and, 18, 19, 20, 70, 72
940 computer and, 19–20, 25, 43, 69, 73, 74, 98, 100
PDP-Sigma imbroglio and, 98–105, 111, 165
Sigma—3 and, 214
Taylor and, 49
Xerox buying, xiii, 21–32, 259
Scott, Mike, 337
Sculley, John, 397
Second systems, Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 74
Semiconductors, memory and, xxv–xxvi, 110–11
Shoch, John F., 147, 177, 397, 402
Futures Day and, 267
Pup and, 291–93
Worm and, 289–90, 293–99
Shockwave Rider, The (Brunner), 295–96, 297, 298–99
Shoup, Richard (Dick), 5, 78, 123, 211, 376, 402
Aurora Systems and, 241
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 230
“Bose Conspiracy” and, 152–53
Emmy to, 241
Futures Day and, 267
Superpaint and, xv, 229–41, 261
Taylor and, 230, 231, 232–33, 238–39, 240
Shugart Associates, 363
Shur, Bob, 221
Sierra, 307, 308
Sigma—3, 214
Sigma 7, 102–3, 104–6
SIGnet, 185
SIL (Simple Illustrator), 212, 319, 323
Silicon-based integrated circuits. See Integrated circuits, silicon-based
Silicon Graphics Incorporated, xvii, 301, 311
“Silicon Valley,” Hoefler and, xiv
SimKit, 275
Simonyi, Charles, 5, 78, 361, 402
Alpha and, 198
Alto and, 283, 284, 357
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 75, 76, 77, 197
Bravo and, xv, 194–95, 198–201
BravoX and, 283, 357, 360
Illiac IV and, 197
low-end computing and, 358
meta-programming and, 197–98
Microsoft and, xviii, 5, 358–60, 395, 397
programming the programmers, 197–98
SIGnet and, 185
SLOT and, 360
Systems Development Division and, 245
Ural II and, 195–96
VisiCalc and, 357
Single-user machines, Clark and, 40–41
Sketchpad, 14, 90–91, 212
SLOT (scanning laser output terminal), 173, 360
Ethernet and, 191–92
Starkweather and, 127–38, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 191–92
Smalltalk, xiv, 92, 164
Alto and, 220–21, 222–23
Apple and, 335–36, 338–43
A Box Named Joe and, 222
Central Intelligence Agency and, 336
children and, 92, 222–24, 314–15
commercial guide to, 386
Goldberg and, 328, 335, 336
Ingalls and, 217, 316–17
Kay and, 92, 164, 217–18, 220–21, 222–24, 314–16, 317
Lisa and, 344
Ooze and, 276–77
Xerox and, 335, 336
Smith, Alvy Ray, 230, 241, 402
HSV transform and, 236
Microsoft and, 398
Superpaint and, 233–36, 237, 239–40
Smith, David, 365
Smith, E. E. “Doc,” 157
Softkey, Lisa and, 342–43
Solid-state technologies, 55
Sony, 391
Sosinski, Charles, 326
Souders, Bill, 143, 339
Soviet Union, Sputnik and, 11–12
“Spacewar: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death among the Computer Bums” (Brand), xv, 81, 155–62, 204, 223
Sparacino, Robert J., 246, 349, 350, 351, 352
Spatial coherence, Maiman’s ruby device and, 128–29
Special Programs Group, 283
Alto and, 262–63, 264
Speech recognition, by computer, 55
Spencer, William J., 5, 374–75, 376, 402
integrated circuits lab and, 356
internal conflict and, 371–72, 374
Pajaro Dunes and, 379–80
Taylor and, 375–87
Sperry Rand, 24, 133
Spinrad, Robert, 101–2, 247–48, 378, 402
Pake and, 352–56, 379
Star and, 361, 367, 368
System Center and, 356
Systems Development Division and, 367
Split-screen technology, Augmentation Research Center and, 65
Sproull, Robert F. (Bob), 265, 280
Futures Day and, 267, 272
Interpress and, 373
Pimlico and, 271
Sputnik, 11–12
Squires, M. Frank, 38–40, 49, 53, 60, 402
Standardization, 88–89
Stanford Research Institute (SRI), 48, 63–67
Stanford University, 43, 53, 58–59, 61
Star, xvi, 283, 361–70, 394
Advanced Systems Division and, 284
commercialization of, xviii, 395–96
Dandelion and, 252, 253
design of, 247
Dolphin and, 249, 250–53, 320
as failure, 370
IBM PC and, xviii, 368–69
Japan and, 369
name of, 361–62
OfficeTalk and, 302
“Principle of Operations” and, 245–46
shortcomings of, 253, 283, 366–67
success of, 362–63, 364–66
unique features of, 364–66
Wave studies and, 367–68
Xerox and, 247, 251, 287, 361–70, 394, 395
Starkweather, Gary K.
laser printer and, xiv, 152, 185
Microsoft and, 397
SLOT and, 127–38, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 191–92
on Xerox, 397
Stitchweld, 323
Strassmann, Paul, 103, 105, 108, 393, 402
Structured text, 205
Supercomputing, parallel processing and, 296, 298
Superpaint
Shoup and, xv, 229–41, 261
Smith and, 233–36, 237, 239–40
Superprinter, 143, 390
Supervisions, 239
Sutherland, Ivan, 14, 43, 215, 302, 303
Sketchpad and, 14, 90–91, 212
TX—2 and, 41
University of Utah and, 92–93, 311
Sutherland, William R. (Bert), 145–46, 260, 266, 303, 309, 312
Bolt, Beranek & Newman and, 301
ergonomics and, 302
OfficeTalk and, 302
POLOS and, 307
Sierra and, 307
Systems Science Laboratory and, 301–2, 379
Sweden, Alto for, 283
Synchronous design, 252–53
System Center, 356
System Concepts Laboratory, 386
Systems Development Division (SDD), xvi, 243–56, 278, 353, 367
Alto and, 287
Dandelion and, 253
Dolphin and, 250–53
Dorado and, 319–20
failure of, 255–56, 259, 284, 396
mission of, 243, 250
resignations from, 361, 369–70
See also Star
Systems Science Laboratory (SSL), 94–95, 224, 240–41, 244, 301–2, 354–55, 378
Apple and, 335
collegiality and, 152
ergonomics and, 302
laser printer and, 55
management of, 54–55
Novas and, 166
OfficeTalk and, 302
optical memory and, 55
Rolling Stone and, 161
Science Center and, 356
Smalltalk and, 335
Taft, Ed, 292
Taylor, Audrey, 9
Taylor, Raymond, 9
Taylor, Robert W. (Bob), 5, 8–11, 15, 40, 48–51, 62, 64, 82, 94–95, 120, 181, 182, 215, 261, 301, 306, 320, 352, 354–55, 381, 391, 402–3
Alto and, 3, 170–71, 205–6, 211
ARPA and, 14–20, 42–43, 90, 146
ARPANET and, 8, 43–45, 48
Augmentation Research Center and, 63–67
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 67, 68–69, 197
collegiality and, 151
Computer Science Laboratory and, xiv, 55, 120, 279, 280, 281, 375–87
Dealer and, 145–50, 281, 382
Digital Equipment Corporation and, 5, 99, 385
display and, 8–9, 124
division of PARC and, 372
Elkind and, 118–19, 120–21, 279
e-mail and, 212
Genie and, 18–20
graphics and, 15, 43, 90, 231
interactivity and, 5, 15, 17–20, 49, 62–67, 79, 169, 184, 185, see also Ethernet
internal conflict and, 371–72
leadership style of, 5–6, 15–17, 375–76, 379, 384–85, see also Dealer and
LINC and, 42
MAXC and, 107, 115–16
Pake and, xiv, 5, 40–41, 43, 48–51, 61–62, 117–18, 281, 356, 375, 378–79, 381, 385
PDP-10 and, 99, 103, 105
personal computers and, 5, 8, 49
resignation of, xviii, 375–87
retirement of, 3–7
Rolling Stone and, 156–57, 158, 160
salary of, 61–62
Shoup and, 230, 231, 232–33, 238–39, 240
Smith and, 235, 239–40
software course following Futures Day and, 274–75
Superpaint and, 238–40
Tesler and, 205, 344–45
time-sharing and, 15, 17–20, 43–44
University of Utah and, 43, 48
Vietnam War and, 45–47
See also Computer Science Laboratory
TCP/IP, 293
Technical papers, Xerox policy on, 290–91
Technology transfer, 377, 394
Teitelman, Warren, 150, 220, 280, 384, 403
artificial intelligence and, 121
Bolt, Beranek & Newman and, 121, 280, 301
Cedar and, 325
Temporal coherence, Maiman’s ruby device and, 129
Tenex, 98, 107
Tesler, Lawrence G., 194–95, 215, 328, 403
Apple and, 330, 333–34, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340–41, 342, 344–45
Gypsy and, xv, 194–95, 207–10
interactivity and, 203
Lisa and, 343, 344
Macintosh and, 344
Notetaker and, 317, 318, 322, 323, 324, 327
POLOS and, 201–3
Pub and, 207
Star and, 362
Test stand, Boggs and, 188, 189
Thacker, Charles P. (Chuck), 4, 73, 78, 94, 197, 227, 230, 282, 361, 380, 403
Alto and, xv, xix–xxiv, 4, 141, 163, 167–77, 212, 250–51, 289
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 68–69, 75
“biggerism” and, xx, 75
“Bose Conspiracy” and, 152–53
collegiality and, 152
Dealer and, 147–48
DEC Systems Research Center and, 385
Dolphin and, 250–53
Dorado and, 319–20, 325
e-mail and, 212
Ethernet and, 188, 192
MAXC and, 107, 110, 114–15, 183–84
Metcalfe and, 182–84, 249, 250
Microsoft and, 397
musical synthesizer and, 221
resignation of, 383, 384
SIL and, 212, 319, 323
Systems Development Division and, 245, 250–52
Thornburg, David, 57, 58, 59, 160, 403
Thorp, Edward O., 146
3Com Corporation, 358, 390
Time-sharing, xxv, 14, 18, 41, 78
Berkeley Computer Corporation and, 74–78
Genie and, 72–73, 100
MAXC and, 106–16, 117, 121, 151, 153, 161
POLOS and, 202
SDS 940 and, 100
Taylor and, 15, 17–20, 43–44
See also MAXC
Token ring network, of IBM, 363–64
Tokyo Data Show (1981), 369
“Tom Sawyering,” 151–53, 167
Toy Story, xxv, 240
Transistor, 57
Tribus, Myron, 347–49
Tron, 82
TTL (transistor-transistor logic), 76, 320
Turing, Alan, 204
Turnkey systems, Star and, 395
Twang, 221–22
Two-pass relocatable loader, 70–71
TX-2, 13, 14, 41, 90, 110, 176–77, 212
Tymshare, 100
Typeface, xxv
Typesetting
Interpress and, 373–74
Postscript and, 374
United Airlines, 87–88, 89
Univac, 71–72, 101
University of California
at Berkeley, 18–20
at Los Angeles, 48
at Santa Barbara, 48
University of Hawaii, 78
University of Utah, 73
ARPA and, 90
ARPANET and, 48
graphics and, 90, 92–93, 231, 311
Kay and, 81, 90–93
Ivan Sutherland and, 92–93, 311
Taylor and, 43, 48
Ural II, 195–96
Urbach, John C., 58, 123, 134, 215, 386, 403
User-friendly machine, Star as, 365–66
User-friendly programs. See Bravo; Gypsy
Very large-scale integration. See VLSI
“Vidbits,” 239, 240
Video animation, Superpaint and, 229–41
Vietnam War, xxv, 45–47
Virtual desktop, Sketchpad and, 91
Virtual keyboards, Star and, 365
Virtual memory, 75, 276
Virtual reality, 301
VisiCalc, 332, 357–58
Vitek, Bill, 168–69, 170
VLSI (very large-scale integration), 303–11
Conway and, xvi, 300, 304–11
Mead and, xvi, 303–5, 308, 309, 310, 311
Volatile memory, 110
Wallace, Smokey, 207, 228
Warner, Gloria, 40, 51, 155, 156
Warnock, John, 81–82, 93, 373, 403
Adobe Systems and, 374
Interpress and, 373–74
Washington University, 33–34, 42
Wave studies, 367–68
Wenner, Jann, 156
Wenrik, Robert, 287
Wessler, Barry, 15, 17, 46
West Coast Computer Faire (1977), 323–24
Westinghouse Research Laboratory, 34
Weyer, Steve, 295
What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG), 389
Bravo and, 200, 208, 373
Star and, 364
Whirlwind, 333
White, George M., 28, 58, 60–61, 124, 131–33, 214, 215, 350, 352
White, Weld & Co., 74
Whole Earth Catalog, 157
Wiesner, Jerome, 154
Wilson, Joseph C., 22, 23, 24, 33, 36, 56
Windows (Microsoft), xvi, 389
Word processing, xxiv–xxv, 194–210
What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get and, 200, 208, 364, 373, 389
Xerox Model 850 and, 264, 265, 274
See also Bravo; Gypsy
Workstation. See Star
Worm (Ethernet-polling program), 289–90, 293–99
Wozniak, Steve, xvi, 332
WYSIWYG. See What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get
Xerography. See Copiers
Xerox Business Systems, Systems Development Division and, 362
Xerox Corporation
Alto and, 285–88, 392, 393, 395
Emmy for Superpaint to, 241
evaluation of role with PARC, xxvi–xxvii, 55–57, 60–61, 95–96, 373, 389–98
Goldman and, 346–47, 349–52
integrated circuits research and, 353–54
Interpress and, 373–74
intrapreneurship and, 312–13
laser printers and, 127–28, 129, 131–34, 143–44, 390, 394–95
legal aspects and, xxvi–xxvii, 223, 290–93
lost decade and, 55–57, 394
money earned from PARC, xxvi, 128, 144
mouse and, 366
Notetaker and, 327, 328
PDP-Sigma imbroglio and, 98–106, 111–12, 121, 124
Pendery Papers and, 122–24
Rolling Stone and, xv, 81, 155–62, 204, 223
Scientific Data Systems and, 21–32, 100–102, 259
Smalltalk and, 335, 336
software course course for executives and, 274–78
Star and, 247, 251, 287, 361–70, 394
Tribus and, 347–49
Xerox Development Corporation and, 331, 332–33, 334
Xerox World Conference (1977) and, 259–60, 267–69, 270, 273, see also Futures Day
See also Copiers; Laser printers; PARC
Xerox Development Corporation, 331, 332–33, 334
Xerox-Intel-DEC Ethernet standard, xvii, 364
Xerox World Conference
1971, 260
1977, 259–60, 266–73, see also Futures Day
Zarem, Abraham, 331–32, 335, 339