21. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 37.

22. Ibid., p. 38.

23. FBI interview with Everett Wayne Cox, April 24, 1968, contained in teletype to Director from Oklahoma City, MURKIN 1901–1990, section 16, p. 154.

24. See, generally, FBI interview with unidentified inmate (name redacted), MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, p. 165.

25. FBI interview with George Ben Edmundson, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 3503, section 39, p. 52; see also summary of Edmundson interviews, MURKIN 3503, section 39, pp. 5–6.

26. Ibid., pp. 52–53.

27. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 352; James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 121–22; see also Frank, An American Death, p. 236.

28. FBI interview with unidentified inmate (name redacted), MURKIN 3873–3900, section 47, p. 145; see also MURKIN 4441, section 56, p. 5.

29. Ibid.; see also MURKIN 4441, section 56, p. 5.

30. FBI interview with unidentified inmate (name redacted), MURKIN 3873–3900, section 47, p. 144; see also MURKIN 4441, section 56, p. 4.

31. Ibid.; see also MURKIN 4441, section 56, p. 6.

32. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 40.

33. Statement of James Wolf, Deputy Chief Counsel, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 2; letter to Stephen J. Pollak, Assistant Attorney General, from FBI Director, June 17, 1968, Attorney General File; see also April 29, 1968, teletype from FBI Memphis to Director, MURKIN 2441–2552, section 24, p. 83, and statement of Warden Harold Swenson, MURKIN 3503, section 39, p. 8.

34. Statement of James Wolf, Deputy Chief Counsel, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 6.

35. HSCA Rpt., p.444.

36. Ibid., p. 439; John Ray quoted in St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 9, 1968.

37. FBI interview with John Larry Ray, April 22, 1968, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 33, and also in MURKIN 3333, section 34, p. 271; see also FBI teletype to Director from St. Louis, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, pp. 232–33.

38. FBI teletype to Bureau from St. Louis, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, pp. 205–6.

39. Testimony of John Ray, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 57.

40. Ibid., p. 60; statement of James Earl Ray, MLK Exhibit F-635, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 58; see also James Earl Ray interview, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 309, 312–13; compilation of the statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 3.

41. Testimony of John Ray, HSCA vol. VIII, P. 60.

42. HSCA interview with Walter Rife, February 7, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-640, HSCA vol. VIII, pp. 64–65.

43. Testimony of John Ray, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 66.

44. HSCA Rpt., p. 442.

45. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 17, 19.

46. William Bradford Huie, “I Had Been in Trouble All My Life, in Jail Most of It,” Look, November 12, 1968, pp. 97, 99.

47. HSCA interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 229–32 and 246–60; Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 19.

48. See statement of unidentified inmate (name redacted), MURKIN 4760, section 62, p. 34.

49. See, generally, FBI interview with unidentified inmate (name redacted), MURKIN 3503, section 39, p. 59; see also statement of Stephan I. Kral, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 3503, section 39, p. 19.

50. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 40; see also interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 254.

51. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 40; see also interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 271.

52. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, pp. 40–41.

53. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII.

54. Statement of Stephan I. Kral, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2326–2440, section 23, p. 79.

55. Statement of Alfred Burkhardt, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2326–2440, section 23, p. 78; see also interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 232.

56. Ibid.; statement of Alfred Burkhardt, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2326–2440, section 23, p. 78.

57. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 41; see also interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 270, 272–73.

58. Inter-Office Communication of the Department of Corrections to M. J. Elliott, Associate Warden, from Captain Danton Steele, May 3, 1967, MURKIN 3503, section 39, p. 9.

59. FBI summary document, Kansas City field office, MURKIN x–125, section 1, p. 8.

60. FBI interview with unidentified inmate (name redacted), MURKIN 3503, section 39, p. 14.

61. Statement of Major Bernard Poiry, April 23, 1968, MURKIN 3503, section 39, p. 15.

Chapter 19: Indian Trail

1. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 108–9.

2. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 314.

3. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 110; see also interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 323–24.

4. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 113; see interview of James Earl Ray with the House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 263–64, and Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 21.

5. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 73.

6. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 22.

7. Ibid.

8. Mr. and Mrs. Donnelly quoted in Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 22.

9. MURKIN summary on Jerry William Ray, file 3334–3335, section 35, pp. 56, 58.

10. See, generally, interview with Clara Klingeman by William Bradford Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 23.

11. “Six Week Report on Work Habits,” listed by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 26.

12. Gertrude Struve Paulus interviewed by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 25.

13. James Earl Ray quoted by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 27.

14. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 139.

15. Ibid., pp. 99, 134; see also James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 6.

16. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 355–56; James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 8.

17. James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 8.

18. James Earl Ray quoted by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 29.

19. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 26; FBI interview with Harvey Klingeman and Clara Klingeman, August 23, 1968, Chicago folder, p. 2513, Attorney General File.

20. FBI interview with Harvey Klingeman and Clara Klingeman, August 23, 1968, Chicago folder, p. 2510, Attorney General File.

21. Art Petacque, “FBI Tries to Tag Voices in Ray Case,” The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, October 25, 1968, p. 1.

22. Frank, An American Death, p. 300; interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. IX, p. 269; see also James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 8.

23. Testimony of Jerry Ray, November 29, 1978, HSCA vol. VII, pp. 407–8.

24. Jerry Ray interviewed by George McMillan, June 27, 1972, Jerry Ray Interviews 1969–1975, Box 5—Trial and Post-Trial Materials, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection.

25. McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 239.

26. Ibid., p. 240.

27. Jerry Ray interviewed by George McMillan, May 10, 1970, p. 2; May 31, 1972, p. 2; and February 23, 1975, and July 7, 1975, Jerry Ray Interviews 1969–1975, Box 5—Trial and Post-Trial Materials, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection.

28. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 351; Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 28.

29. FBI Airtel to Director from SAC, Memphis, August 26, 1968, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 170.

30. Order Conferring Immunity Upon and Compelling Testimony of Gerald (Jerry) William Ray, MLK Exhibit F-589, HSCA vol. VII, pp. 392–93.

31. Testimony of Jerry Ray, November 29, 1978, HSCA vol. VII, p. 391.

32. Ibid., p. 395.

33. Ibid., p. 515.

34. FBI interview with Harvey Klingeman and Clara Klingeman, August 23, 1968, Chicago folder, p. 2509, Attorney General File.

35. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 364–65.

36. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 138.

37. FBI statement of James (Jimmy) H. Carpenter, May 14, 1968, St. Louis Folder, Attorney General File; also same interview listed with name redacted in MURKIN 4760, section 62, pp. 98–101.

38. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 73, 105; see interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. IX, p. 271, and vol. XI, p. 371, and James Earl Ray in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 10.

39. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 378, also statement in vol. 1, p. 93; Jerry Ray interviewed by George McMillan, May 30, 1972, Jerry Ray Interviews 1969–1975, Box 5—Trial and Post-Trial Materials, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection McMillan; McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 245; see also Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, pp. 6, 11; also James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 120. As for John Ray occasionally living with Gawron, see FBI interview with John Larry Ray, May 23, 1968, MURKIN 4760, section 62, p. 192. For Gawron seeing James Earl Ray in the summer of 1967, see interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 340, plus citations in following note.

39. See statement of Jerry Ray reported in FBI Airtel, June 11, 1968, to Director from SAC, Newark, MURKIN 4576–4663, section 59, p. 40; Jerry Ray interviewed by George McMillan, May 30, 1972, Jerry Ray Interviews 1969–1975, Box 5—Trial and Post-Trial Materials, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection; also see interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 352–53; McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 245.

40. Memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, May 16, 1968, MURKIN 3628–3761, section 44, p. 60; see also FBI interview with John Larry Ray, May 23, 1968, MURKIN 4760, section 62, p. 189.

41. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 98–99; interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 265–66, and Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 29; see also Frank, An American Death, p. 300.

42. Mrs. Donnelly quoted by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 22.

43. Narration of James Wolf, Esq., December 1, 1978, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 10.

44. Ibid., pp. 10–28, including MLK Exhibit F-662, August 13, 1978, interview with James Rogers, and MLK Exhibit F-663, June 18, 1978, interview with Ronald Siebelt Goldenstein, and MLK Exhibit F-664, April 25, 1978, interview with Clarence Haynes; see also HSCA vol. VIII, pp. 507–36.

45. HSCA vol. VIII, pp. 126, 132, 139, 184–85, 230–31, 237, 247, 248, 255, 272, and 334.

46. See, generally, FBI Airtel to Director from SAC, Springfield, August 24, 1968, MURKIN 5101, section 69, pp. 24–26.

47. Narration of James Wolf, Esq., December 1, 1978, HSCA vol. VII, p. 9.

48. Ibid., p. 13.

49. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 376–77, 388; James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 60; narration of James Wolf, Esq., December 1, 1978, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 12; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 31–32, and James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 100.

50. Narration of James Wolf, Esq., December 1, 1978, HSCA vol. VIII, pp. 12–13; see also FBI interview with Mr. A. G. Arb, vice president of Jefferson-Gravois Bank, May 15, 1968, FBI St. Louis 44-775, Attorney General File, p. 3109.

51. FBI statement of John Ray, May l8, 1968, MURKTN 4760, section 62, pp. 194–95, 198.

52. Testimony of John Ray, December 1, 1978, HSCA vol. VIII, p. 69, Testimony of Jerry Ray, HSCA vol. VII; James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 216.

Chapter 20: Gray Rocks

1. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 60.

2. FBI teletype to Director from Legat, Ottawa, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, p. 92; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 35.

3. Interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. IX, p. 286; also, author interview with Josephine Galt, October 9, 1997.

4. Jay Walz, “Three Whose Names Ray Used Resemble Him,” The New York Times, June 12, 1968, p. 1.

5. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 141; Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 13; interview with James Earl Ray by the House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 282, 343; interview with James Earl Ray by the House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 282.

6. Interview with James Earl Ray by the House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 283; interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 422; Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 13.

7. Interview with James Earl Ray by the House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 284.

8. See memo from M. A. Jones to Bishop, Re: Books by Ian Fleming, May 3, 1968, MURKIN 3131–3220, section 32, pp. 42–72.

9. Interview with James Earl Ray by the House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 281, 344.

10. Blair, The Strange Case of James Earl Ray, p. 187.

11. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 35; also Huie, “James Earl Ray and the Conspiracy to Kill Martin Luther King,” Look, November 12, 1968.

12. Interview with James Earl Ray by the House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 281, and vol. XI, p. 420; Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 13.

13. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 104, 118, 121; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 35. The FBI could not find any motel at which Ray spent that night, raising questions as to whether he lied. A review of Ray’s three-day trip from St. Louis to Montreal, however, confirms it is likely he did stop in Toronto before he used the Galt name. By his own account, he drove from St. Louis to Indianapolis on July 15, a four-hour, 250-mile drive. He spent the night there—“I slept beside the road.” Two nights later, July 17, he was traced to Dorion, a small town outside Montreal. The question is whether he stayed in Toronto on the night of July 16. During that day, he drove to Canada, and there was heavy traffic since Montreal was hosting Expo ’67, a popular fair. Although his final goal was Montreal, it was too far for a single day’s journey, more than eight hundred miles from Indianapolis, fifteen to seventeen hours under normal driving conditions. Ray first drove to Detroit, and the only route from there to Montreal was Highway 401, which passes directly past Toronto. By the time Ray reached Toronto on the sixteenth, he would already have been driving close to ten hours. Ray would have considered stopping in a large city such as Toronto a safe choice for a fugitive, since “you could get lost quite a bit easier.” Laying over there would have left him only another six-hour trip the following day to Dorion.

14. For Ray sleeping in his car while he traveled to Montreal, see interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 372, 405; see James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 97.

15. Author’s review of 1966 and 1967 telephone books for Toronto, Bell Telephone Company of Canada; author’s review of telephone books for Toronto for 1967 and 1968, and conversation with research librarians at Toronto Research Library.

16. Testimony of James Earl Ray in the HBO mock trial of the State of Tennessee v. Ray, April 4, 1993.

17. October 12, 1997, audiotape made by Jerry Ray and sent to author (Tape 3 in a series of 7, as of February 1998). Jerry Ray, who sent the author audiotapes with answers to written questions, said he would not answer everything asked since he intended to write his own book if James died before him. “Some things I keep quiet so I can write that book,” Jerry says. “But it will be a shocking book, and there will be things that no one ever knew about. I can’t go into details right now about it.”

18. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 359.

19. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 123; see also interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 408–9.

20. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 123–24, see also interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 353–54.

21. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 124; Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 409–10, and interview of September 29, 1977, vol. X, pp. 398–99.

22. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 65–66.

23. Ibid., pp. 85, 130; see also interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 401, 409–10.

24. Frank, An American Death, p. 300; see also FBI review document, Canada investigation, Attorney General File.

25. Frank, An American Death, p. 301; see also FBI report on the money order, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, pp. 179–80; also MURKIN 3221–3332, section 33, p. 227, MURKIN 3763–3872, section 46, pp. 215–16.

26. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p.422.

27. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 80.

28. James Earl Ray quoted by William Bradford Huie in Look, November 12, 1968, p. 104.

29. Interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. IX, p. 349, and vol. XI, p. 352; see also James Earl Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. 1, p. 175.

30. Interview with James Earl Ray, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 417; James Earl Ray quoted by William Bradford Huie in Look, November 12, 1968, p. 104; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 35.

31. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 35.

32. Interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 434–35; James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 167.

33. James Earl Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. 1, p. 227; James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 168; see also HSCA vol. III, p. 177, and vol. XI, pp. 431–33.

34. Interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. XI, p. 432.

35. James Earl Ray quoted by William Bradford Huie in Look, November 12, 1968, p. 104.

36. James Earl Ray quoted in HSCA vol. III, p. 178; also James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 170.

37. See, generally, Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 40.

38. See travel brochure on Gray Rocks Inn, Chapter 24 Research, Notes, Drafts, Etc. folder, Box 8—Book Manuscript, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection.

39. James Earl Ray interview by House Select Committee, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 429–30.

40. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 64.

41. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 103.

42. Claire Keating quoted by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 42. Note that in the Huie book she is not identified by name, but described only as the woman Ray met at Gray Rocks.

43. Ibid., p. 43.

44. Ibid.

45. Ibid., p. 45.

46. Ibid. p. 43; see also Keating statement to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, MURKIN 5451–5505, section 75, p. 203; same file also in possession of Attorney General, Memphis.

47. See, generally, HSCA vol. VII, p. 313.

48. Claire Keating quoted by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 45.

49. Ibid.

50. Ibid.

51. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 128.

52. James Earl Ray quoted in HSCA vol. 11l, pp. 180–81; also 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII.

53. James Earl Ray quoted in HSCA vol. III, p. 181.

54. HSCA vol. VII, MLK Exhibit 607, James Earl Ray Transactions in Canada with “Raoul”; with his brothers, p. 313; see also Keating statement to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, MURKIN 5451–5505, section 75, p. 204.

55. Claire Keating quoted by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 46.

56. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 66.

57. MURKIN 5451–5505, section 75, p. 203.

58. MURKIN 4697–4759, section 61, p. 96.

59. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 66.

60. Interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 401; see also James Earl Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. I, p. 179.

61. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 129.

62. Interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 401–6.

63. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 130.

64. Interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 402–3.

65. Ibid., pp. 407–8.

66. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 131.

67. Ibid.

68. James Earl Ray statement in HSCA vol. III, p. 183; James Earl Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. I, p. 180.

69. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 132.

70. Ibid.

71. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 415.

72. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 64.

73. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, December 2, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 434–35.

74. Interview with Jerry Ray by George McMillan, May 30, 1972, Jerry Ray Interviews 1969–1975, Box 5—Trial and Post-Trial Materials, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection.

75. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 414.

76. Ibid.

77. See, generally, Jeff Cohen and David S. Lifton, “A Man He Calls Raoul,” New Times, April 1, 1977.

78. See interview with Jerry Ray by George McMillan, July 12, 1975, and May 30, 1972, Jerry Ray Interviews 1969–1975, Box 5—Trial and Post-Trial Materials, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection.

79. Interview with Jerry Ray by George McMillan, July 12, 1975, and May 30, 1972, Jerry Ray interviews 1969–1975, Box 5—Trial and Post-Trial Materials, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection; see also McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 258–59.

80. McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 259.

81. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 69.

Chapter 21: Wallace Country

1. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 14; Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 53.

2. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 69.

3. Ibid.

4. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 53; see also Blair, The Strange Case of James Earl Ray, p. 116.

5. FBI interview with Peter Cherpes, April 10, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 85.

6. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 70.

7. Peter Cherpes quoted in Blair, The Strange Case of James Earl Ray, pp. 116–17.

8. Peter Cherpes quoted in Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 57.

9. Peter Cherpes quoted in Blair, The Strange Case of James Earl Ray, p. 117.

10. FBI interview with Herbert Kelly, April 10, 1968, and with Peter Cherpes, April 11, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, pp. 84, 89.

11. See, generally, FBI interview with Lawrence Chancelor Howell, April 19, 1968, MURKIN ME, Sub. D, section 1, pp. 211–12; FBI interview with D. T. Green, April 10, 1968; interview with Charles Jackson Davis, April 10, 1968; interview with Percy Strickland, April 8, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, pp. 93–95; interview with Mrs. O. L. Black, April 12, 1968; interview with James E. Weldon and Tammy Lorraine Weldon, April 12, 1968; interview with Thorn as D. Franklin, April 12, 1968, MURKIN 2634, section 26, pp. 120–21.

12. FBI interview with Peter Cherpes, April 18, 1968, MURKIN 3763–3872, section 46, p. 43.

13. Photocopy of Birmingham Trust National card agreement for Galt and safe deposit box, August 28, 1967, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, pp. 103–4.

14. FBI interview with William D.Paisley, Sr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 67.

15. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 54.

16. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p.430.

17. FBI interview with William D. Paisley, Sr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 67.

18. William Paisley quoted in Blair, The Strange Case of James Earl Ray, p. 117; see also FBI interview with William David Paisley, Jr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 71.

19. FBI interview with William D. Paisley, Sr., included in Airtel of April 9, 1968, MURKIN 251–375, section 3, p. 93.

20. FBI interview with Mrs. William D. Paisley, Sr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 73.

21. FBI interview with William D. Paisley, Sr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 68.

22. FBI interview with William David Paisley, Jr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 71.

23. FBI interview with William D. Paisley, Sr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 67.

24. William Paisley quoted in Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 55.

25. FBI interview with William D.Paisley, Sr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 67.

26. FBI interviews with Peter Cherpes, April 10 and 11, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, pp. 86–87.

27. FBI summary information, April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2326–2440, section 23, p. 2.

28. See FBI documents of April 16, 1968, regarding Gait’s purchase of a bank draft for the equipment, MURKIN 3763–3872, section 46, pp. 21–22.

29. Memo to Trotter from Latona, “Latent Print on Coupon Identical James Earl Ray,” May 8, 1968, MURKIN 3031–3130, section 31, p. 186; see also Airtel to FBI Director from SAC, New York, May 4, 1968, MURKIN 3031–3130, section 31, pp. 20–23.

30. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 70. The spelling “Starlite,” as used here, is the spelling used by the House Select Committee on Assassinations, though some authors have spelled it “Starlight.”

31. Ibid., p. 71.

32. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 443.

33. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 15, 77.

34. Ibid., p. 15.

35. See, generally, McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 261.

36. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 15.

37. Ibid., p. 16.

38. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 60.

39. Ibid., p. 61.

40. McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 263.

41. “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 10.

42. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 453.

43. Continental Dance Club Studios enrollment agreement signed by Eric Galt, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 122.

44. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 15.

45. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 62; see also FBI interview of J. D. (Elizabeth) Weeks, April 17, 1968, MURKIN 3763–3872, section 46, pp. 26–28.

46. FBI interview with Doris Ladner, April 15, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, pp. 124–25.

47. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 16.

48. Ibid.

49. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 28.

50. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 61.

51. Memo to Trotter from Latona, “Latent Print on Coupon Identical James Earl Ray,” May 8, 1968, MURKIN 3031–3130, section 31, p. 186; see also Airtel to FBI Director from SAC New York, May 4, 1968, MURKIN 3031–3130, section 31, pp. 20–23.

52. FBI teletype to Director from Birmingham, June 12, 1968, MURKIN 4351–4440, section 55, p. 152.

53. Ibid., p. 154.

54. FBI summary sheet, MURKIN 4351–4440, section 55, p. 147.

55. FBI summary document, “Purchase of 1966 White Mustang Two-Door by Eric S. Galt, 2608 Highland Avenue, from Owner, William D. Paisley, on August 29 and 30, 1967,” April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 66.

56. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 78.

57. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 462.

58. Ibid., p. 459.

59. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 82, 84.

60. FBI summary report, April 12, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, pp. 6–7.

61. Marlin Myers interviewed by FBI, April 12, 1968, MURKIN 2323, section 21, p. 117.

62. FBI interview with Peter Cherpes, April 8, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 82.

63. As for the Confederate sticker, see FBI interview with William David Paisley, Jr., April 9, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 70.

64. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 73.

Chapter 22: Mexican Holiday

1. James Earl Ray quoted in Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 66.

2. James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 28.

3. Ibid.

4. Ray was issued tourist card number 7475449, listing his permanent address as the Birmingham rooming house at 2608 Highland. See, generally, FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 147.

5. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 1834.

6. James Earl Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. l, p. 185.

7. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 183; see also Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, pp. 31–32.

8. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 184; see also Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 32.

9. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 67; see also James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 184.

10. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 32.

11. FBI interview with Cecil Clayton Lillibridge, April 29, 1968, Kansas City file, Attorney General File, pp. 999–1001.

12. James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 33.

13. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 70.

14. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 185; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 69.

15. Ibid.

16. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Elpidio Velazquez, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 172.

17. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Dr. Oscar Gomez Palofox, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 155.

18. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 71–72.

19. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 185; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 69.

20. Ibid. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 49, 186; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 70.

21. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 186; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 70.

22. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 59; see also FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Rodimir Biscara, MURKIN 5101, section 69, pp. 154–55.

23. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 186; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 70.

24. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 73–74.

25. FBI summary information about James Earl Ray’s time in Mexico during October and November 1967, July 24, 1968, MLK Exhibit F-l72, HSCA vol. IV, pp. 156–57.

26. Manuela Aguirre Medrano interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, June 5, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-173, HSCA vol.IV, p. 179.

27. See, generally, description set forth by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 72.

28. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Leopoldo Cisneros, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 162.

29. Manuela Aguirre Medrano interview summarized in FBI information about James Earl Ray’s time in Mexico during October and November 1967, July 24, 1968, MLK Exhibit F-l72, HSCA vol. IV, p. 157; see also FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Rodimir Biscara, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 155.

30. See, generally, Manuela Aguirre Medrano interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, June 5, 1978, MLK ExhibitF-173, HSCA vol. IV, pp. 185–86.

31. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 73. Note: Huie referred to the bartender as Oscar Mendiola, and it is not clear if Biscara gave Huie a false name, or if Huie identified the wrong per son; see also FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Jose Manuel Guzman Garcia and Eleno Guzman Garcia, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 155.

32. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Jose Manuel Guzman Garcia, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 155.

33. Irma Morales in Index Card File, Attorney General File.

34. Manuela Aguirre Medrano interview summarized in FBI information about James Earl Ray’s time in Mexico during October and November 1967, July 24, 1968, MLK Exhibit F-l72, HSCA vol. IV, p. 157.

35. Ibid., p. 159.

36. Ibid., p. 158; see also teletype to Director from Legat Mexico, April 23, 1968, MURKIN 1991–2075, section 17, pp. 162–63.

37. Manuela Aguirre Medrano interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, June 5, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-l73, HSCA vol. IV, p. 174.

38. Ibid.

39. Ibid.; Manuela Aguirre Medrano interview summarized in FBI information about James Earl Ray’s time in Mexico during October and November 1967, July 24, 1968, MLK Exhibit F-l72, HSCA vol. IV, p. 159.

40. Manuela Aguirre Medrano interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, June 5, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-l73, HSCA vol. IV, p. 183.

41. Manuela Aguirre Medrano interview summarized in FBI information about James Earl Ray’s time in Mexico during October and November 1967, July 24, 1968, MLK Exhibit F-172, HSCA vol. IV, pp. 157, 159; see FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, MURKIN 5101, section 69, pp. 7, 8.

42. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, MURKIN 5101, section 69, pp. 7–8.

43. Huie referred to this woman as Nina, but it is not known if he had the name wrong, or if he merely used that name to disguise her real identity. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Rodolfo Gonzalez, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 155.

44. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Elisa Arellano Torres, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 157.

45. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Mr. and Mrs. Salvador Meza, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 156.

46. George McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 269.

47. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Elisa Arellano Torres, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 158.

48. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 187.

49. See, generally, James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 37, 41.

50. Ibid., p. 187.

51. Ibid., p. 35.

52. FBI summary document, quoting interview with Hotel Rio clerk Roberto Wong, about Ray in Mexico, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 149; see also interview with Luis Garcia contained in FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, MURKIN 5101, section 69, pp. 152–53.

53. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 74–75; see Memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, April 17, 1968, MURKIN 1576–1730, section 13, p. 289.

54. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 35.

55. Manuela Aguirre Medrano interview summarized in FBI information about James Earl Ray’s time in Mexico during October and November 1967, July 24, 1968, MLK Exhibit F-l72, HSCA vol. IV, p. 159; see also FBI teletype to Director from Legat Mexico City, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, p. 100, and memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, p. 130.

56. See, generally, FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Jose Manuel Guzman Garcia, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 155.

57. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Elisa Arellano Torres, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 157.

58. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Manuela Aguirre Medrano, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 161; see also “Arcella Gonzales” index card file, Attorney General File.

59. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interviews with Juan Manuel Fregoso Gutierrez and Genova Curiel de Fregoso, MURKIN 5101, section 69, pp. 164–66.

60. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 482; Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 34; see also James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, pp. 58–59.

61. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 59.

62. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977,HSCAvol.IX, p.488.

63. See FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Rodolfo Gonzalez, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 156; also interview with Francisco Perez Gomez, p. 156.

64. FBI summary document about Ray in Mexico, interview with Elisa Arellano Torres, MURKIN 5101, section 69, p. 157.

65. Manuela Aguirre Medrano interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, June 5, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-173, HSCA vol. IV, p. 185.

66. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 34.

67. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 60.

68. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, pp. 34–35.

69. Rosenson was actually prosecuted for violating 18 U.S.C. 1407, traveling outside the United States without registering as a convicted felon (U.S. v. Randolph Erwin Rosenson, Crim. Doc. 382561966, Division 6, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana, HSCA Rpt., p. 516.

70. HSCA conclusion based on the interview of Charlie Stein, March 22, 1978, as well as the outside contact report with George Pittman, January 25, 1978; HSCA Rpt, p. 516.

71. HSCA Rpt., p. 516, based on the executive-session interview with Randy Rosenson, November 29, 1977.

72. Ibid., based on the bank records from the Birmingham Trust National Bank.

73. Ibid., based on executive-session interview with Randy Rosenson, November 29, 1977.

74. HSCA Rpt., pp. 516–17.

75. Interview with Gene Stanley, July 10, 1997.

76. Interview with Gene Stanley, July 30, 1997.

23: Dancing in Los Angeles

1. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 13, 1968, covering interview with Mrs. Frank (Margarita) Powers, MURKIN 621–750, section 6, p. 87; also FBI interview with Margarita Powers, April 12, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, pp. 59–61.

2. “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 18.

3. FBI interview with Mrs. Ronald G. Mclntire, April 14, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 243; Index Card File, “Mrs. Ronald G. Mclntire,” filed under “Los Angeles—Phone Records,” Attorney General File. Ms. Mclntire had placed an ad in the newspaper in November to sell her Montgomery-Ward console TV (trade name, Airline). Ray bought it for $90 cash, and took it himself in his Mustang.

4. James Earl Ray testimony in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 48.

5. Garrow, Bearing the Cross, p. 579.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid., p. 583.

8. FBI interview with Mark Freeman, April 19, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

9. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 499.

10. McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 273.

11. “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 18; see McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 274.

12. FBI interview with Mark Freeman, April 19, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

13. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 32, 86, 201.

14. Mark Freeman interviewed by George McMillan, January 18, 1975, “Hypnosis, Pills, Headaches, etc.,” folder, Box 9—as listed through P4 of Index, and Newspaper Clippings, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection; also McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 275.

15. Dr. Mark O. Freeman interviewed by Special Agent Benjamin, Index Card File (L.A. Return), Attorney General File.

16. McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 275.

17. FBI interview with Mark Freeman, April 19, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

18. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 29.

19. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, April 14, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 491.

20. Ibid.

21. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 31; see Index Card File, “Los Angeles—Phone Records,” Attorney General File index 2; see also James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 38.

22. FBI interview with Rodney Arvidson, owner of the National Dance Studio, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 279.

23. Ibid., p. 280.

24. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 29.

25. Frank, An American Death, p. 306.

26. FBI interview with Marie Martin, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 158.

27. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, includes interview with Marie (listed in document incorrectly as Maria) Martin, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 198; see also Frank, An American Death, p. 162.

28. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, includes interviews with Marie (listed in document incorrectly as Maria) Martin and Rita Stein, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, pp. 198, 203.

29. FBI interview with Marie Martin, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 158.

30. James Earl Ray interview by House Select Committee investigators, April 29, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 47.

31. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, includes interview with Marie (listed in document incorrectly as Maria) Martin, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 196.

32. FBI summary information about interview with Marie Martin in MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 82; also teletype to Director from Los Angeles, summarizing another interview with Marie Martin, MURKIN 3441–3502, section 38, p. 83.

33. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, p. 252.

34. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 25, 1968, including interview with Rita Stein, MURKIN 1991–2075, section 17, p. 156.

35. As for the fact that she asked the question in a joking manner, see FBI interview with Marie Martin, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 263.

36. Conversation recounted from Frank, An American Death, pp. 163–64; generally, teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, includes interviews with Marie (listed in document incorrectly as Maria) Martin and Rita Stein, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, pp. 195–203; also FBI interview with Rita Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 270, as well as reinterview with Rita Stein, MURKIN 2751–2925, section 29, p. 234.

37. FBI interview with Stein’s mother (name redacted), April 27, 1968, MURKIN 3762, section 45, p. 43.

38. See, generally, “Analysis of James Earl Ray’s Trip to New Orleans, December 15-December 21, 1967,” Supplementary Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, HSCA vol. XIII, pp. 270–71; for Stein’s quirkiness, belief in UFOs, conversations with inanimate objects, and the like, see FBI interview with his mother (name redacted), April 27, 1968, MURKIN 3762, section 45, p. 43; as for his belief in “Cosmic Philosophy” and his renunciation of material wealth, see FBI interview with Anthony Charles DeCarvelho, April 26, 1968, New Orleans field office 157-10673, Attorney General File, p. 2155.

39. “Analysis of James Earl Ray’s Trip to New Orleans, December 15-December 21, 1967,” Supplementary Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, HSCA vol. XIII, pp. 268–69; teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, p. 252; see also McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, p. 279.

40. Frank, An American Death, p. 165.

41. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 80.

42. FBI interview with Charles Stein, May 2, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

43. James Earl Ray, Tennessee Waltz, p. 62.

44. See, generally, teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, including interview with Marie (listed in document incorrectly as Maria) Martin, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 197; also memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, April 16, 1968, MURKIN 1576–1730, section 13, p. 280; and FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 14, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 163; FBI interview with Marie Martin, April 14, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

45. Frank, An American Death, p. 165.

46. Ibid.; James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, pp. 29, 51.

47. William Bradford Huie, “I Got Involved Gradually, and I Didn’t Know Anybody Was to be Murdered,” Look, November 26, 1968, p. 92, maintained at MURKIN 5351–5396, section 73, p. 64.

48. James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 43.

49. FBI interview with Mark Freeman, April 19, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File; “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 18; see HSCA Rpt. quoting Dr. Mark Freeman’s FBI interview, p. 460.

50. FBI interview with Marie Martin, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 158.

51. Charles Stein summarized in “Analysis of James Earl Ray’s Trip to New Orleans, December 15-December 21, 1967,” Supplementary Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, HSCA vol. XIII, p. 272; teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, including interview with Marie (listed in document incorrectly as Maria) Martin, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 197, as well as FBI summary document, MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 81; see also FBI interview with Marie Martin, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 158; also, as to last-minute nature of Ray’s condition, see FBI reinterview with Rita Stein, MURKIN 2751–2925, section 29, p. 235, and FBI interviews with Charles Stein, April 13 and May 2, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

52. FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 150.

53. Frank, An American Death, p. 165.

54. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 95.

55. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 44.

56. FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 266, and also April 13, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 150; FBI interview with Charles Stein, May 2, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File; see also FBI interview with Rita Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 270, and MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 201.

57. See, generally, James Earl Ray testimony in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, pp. 44–15; teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, including interview with Rita Stein, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 201; and see Marie Martin interview in MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 269. See also Ray’s version of the event in HSCA vol. X, pp. 49–52.

58. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 82.

59. FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 14, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, pp. 167–68.

60. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, containing interview with Charles Stein, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, pp. 236–37; also FBI interview with Stein, April 14, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 167.

61. See summary of Charles Stein testimony at “Analysis of James Earl Ray’s Trip to New Orleans, December 15-December 21, 1967,” Supplementary Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, HSCA vol. XIII, p. 272; also summary of interview with Charles Stein by FBI, MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 87; also Frank, An American Death, p. 166.

62. FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 266. At one point, Stein told the FBI that Ray stopped half a dozen times at phone booths, and another time said it was only once—see, generally, MURKIN 2751–2925, section 29, p. 231.

63. See Charles Stein testimony at “Analysis of James Earl Ray’s Trip to New Orleans, December 15-December 21, 1967,” Supplementary Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, HSCA vol. XIII, p. 272; also James Earl Ray testimony in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 45; see also James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 45.

64. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 45; James Earl Ray testimony in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on As sassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 45; see James Earl Ray interview by Select Committee investigators, April 29, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 57.

65. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, including interview with Marie (listed in document incorrectly as Maria) Martin, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 197; Frank, An American Death, p. 167.

66. FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 268, and MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 152.

67. FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 14, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 164; FBI interview with Charles Stein, May 2, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

68. FBI interviews with Charles Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 267; April 13, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 151; and April 14, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 164.

69. FBI interview with Charles Stein, in May 5, 1968, teletype, MURKIN 2751–2925, section 29, p. 232; FBI interview with Charles Stein, May 2, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

70. FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 267.

71. FBI interview with Bryan Dupepe, owner/manager of Provincial Motel, April 14, 1968, MURKIN 2635–2673, section 27, p. 125.

72. Teletype to Director from New Orleans, April 25, 1968, summarizing an interview with Charles Stein, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, p. 34; FBI interview with Marie Lee (name redacted), April 25, 1968, MURKIN 3762. section 45, pp. 32, and May 1, 1968, interview reported on p. 64 of same file; see Frank, An American Death, p. 168.

73. Teletype to Director from New Orleans, April 14, 1968, summarizing an interview with Dupepe, owner/manager of the Provincial Motel, MURKIN 1176–1300, section 10, pp. 46–47.

74. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 78–79.

75. Ibid., p. 98.

76. James Earl Ray testimony in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 47.

77. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 98.

78. Ibid., p. 79.

79. James Earl Ray testimony in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 47.

80. Huie, “I Got Involved Gradually and I Didn’t Know Anyone Was to be Murdered,” Look, November 26, 1968, p. 92; filed in MURKIN 5351–5396, section 73, p. 64.

81. James Earl Ray testimony in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 46.

82. Memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, April 17, 1968, including interview with Sharon Rhodes, MURKIN 1576–1730, section 13, pp. 289–90.

83. HSCA vol. VII, p. 317.

84. HSCA Rpt., p. 461.

85. “Re: Ray’s Relative John Larry Ray, at St. Louis Missouri,” St. Louis FBI field office, Attorney General File, p. 3722.

86. See, generally, “Re: Ray’s Relative John Larry Ray, at St. Louis Missouri,” St. Louis FBI field office, Attorney General File, pp. 3722–23.

87. Testimony of John Ray, December 1, 1978, HSCA vol. VIII, pp. 587, 592.

88. Testimony of Edward Evans, Chief Investigator, HSCA vol. VII, p. 310.

89. For information about how Carol Pepper registered and paid for the liquor license under her name, but how John then operated the tavern, see, generally, “Grapevine Tavern,” FBI summary information report, MURKIN 3333, section 34, pp. 290–95.

90. Testimony of John Ray, December 1, 1978, HSCA vol. VIII, pp. 587–89; HSCA Rpt., p. 483.

91. HSCA Rpt., p. 483.

92. See, generally, testimony of Edward Evans, chief investigator, HSCA vol. VII, pp. 296–98.

93. See, generally, HSCA vol. VII, pp. 297–302.

94. Testimony of John Ray, December 1, 1978, HSCA vol. VIII, pp. 35–36.

95. Ibid., pp. 32, 597.

96. HSCA vol. VII, pp. 295–96.

97. Testimony of Edward Evans, Chief Investigator, HSCA vol. VII, p. 309.

98. See, generally, FBI interview with Naomi Regazzi, May 21, 1968, St. Louis file 44-775, Attorney General File, p. 3111.

99. FBI interview with Charles Stein, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 268; teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 1991–2075, section 17, p. 156.

100. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 1991–2075, section 17, p. 156.

101. “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 20.

102. FBI interview with Rita Stein, contained in teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 1991–2075, section 17, p. 156.

103. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 82.

24: The Swingers Club

1. Ray letter to American-Southern African Council reprinted in HSCA vol. XIII, p. 252.

2. “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 22.

3. Frank, An American Death, p. 180.

4. HSCA vol. XIII citing FBI Airtel to Director from Los Angeles, May 10, 1968, LA MURKIN 44–1574, serial 1236, p. 252.

5. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 204.

6. James Earl Ray quoted by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 82.

7. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 85.

8. Xavier von Koss interviewed by Huie, reported in He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 92–93.

9. Ibid.

10. FBI interview with Andreas Jorgensen, dance instructor, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 275; see also interview with Rodney Arvidson, owner of National Dance Studio, same file, p. 277.

11. FBI interview with Rodney Arvidson, owner of National Dance Studio, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, pp. 276–77.

12. FBI interview with Cathryn Norton, dance instructor, April 13, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 272.

13. See, generally, teletype to all Continental Offices from Director, MURKIN 621–750, section 6, pp. 216–18.

14. “Investigation at International School of Bartending, Los Angeles, Attended by Galt from January 19, 1968, to March 2, 1968,” MURKIN 2325, section 22, pp. 135–36.

15. Ibid., p. 136.

16. See Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 38.

17. Memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, April 17, 1968, including interview with Richard Gonzalez, MURKIN 1576–1730, section 13, p. 289; see also teletype to Director from Los Angeles, including interview with Donald Jacobs, April 15, 1968, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 238.

18. FBI interview with Robert Kelly, April 12, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 110.

19. Dennis LeMaster interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 10, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-171, p. 144.

20. Memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, April 12, 1968, MURKIN 1051–1175, section 9, p. 130; see also “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 24.

21. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 86.

22. See FBI interview with Robert Harold Gray, April 16, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 109; also H. Harold Robert interviewed by Special Agent Benjamin Moorehead, Index Card File under “L.A.—St. Francis,” Attorney General File.

23. HSCA vol. XIII, p. 253, citing an FBI interview with Ronald Hewitson; see letter reproduced in HSCA vol. IV, p. 116.

24. “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 25.

25. See Airtel to Director from SAC Los Angeles, May 10, 1968, Re: The Local Swinger, P.O. Box 3802, Downey, California, MURKIN 3334–3335, section 35, pp. 1–2; “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 25.

26. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 40.

27. “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 27.

28. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, pp. 313–14; teletype to Director from Atlanta, April 26, 1968, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, pp. 334–36; see also teletype on p. 247 of same MURKIN section; “Chronological Listing of Known Activities of James Earl Ray Since His Escape and Laboratory Examination of Evidence Attendant Thereto,” MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 28.

29. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 37.

30. Ibid.

31. FBI interview with Dr. Russell Hadley, October 2, 1968, Los Angeles Field Office, Attorney General File.

32. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 40.

33. Ibid., p. 41.

34. Ibid.

35. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 84.

36. James Earl Ray to Huie, quoted in McMillan, The Making of an Assassin, pp. 281–82.

37. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 83.

38. FBI interview with Bo Del Monte, April 22, 1968, MLK Exhibit F-168, reprinted in HSCA vol. IV, p. 122.

39. FBI interview with James E. Morrison, April 22, 1968, MLK Exhibit F-169, reprinted in HSCA vol. IV, p. 123.

40. Leonard Scott Delmonte (a.k.a. Bo Del Monte), interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, February 10, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-170, pp. 131–33.

41. Ibid., p. 136.

42. Dennis LeMaster interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 10, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-171, p. 145.

43. “Puzzlers in Ray Case Include Who Received Duplicate Driver’s License in His Absence,” The New York Times, March 11, 1969, p. 17.

44. Ibid.

45. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 88.

46. James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee investigators, April 29, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 80.

47. FBI summary interview with Tomas Lau, contained in teletype to Director from Los Angeles, April 15, 1968, MURKIN 751–900, section 8, p. 238; see also Lau interview in MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 137.

48. FBI interview with Marie Martin, MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 82.

49. Teletype to Director from Los Angeles, May 14, 1968, including interview with Marie Martin, MURKIN 3441–3502, section 38, p. 83.

50. See MLK Exhibit F-52, HSCA vol. II, pp. 50–51; FBI interview with Allan 0. Thomp son, April 12, 1968, MURKIN 2325, section 22, p. 106.

25: Memphis Bound

1. James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 208.

2. In the 20,000 Words, Ray said he was told to meet Raoul in Birmingham in two days, but it had taken him three to reach only New Orleans.

3. FBI summary sheet, New Orleans field office, MURKIN 3762, section 45, p. 48; see, generally, MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, p. 36. The date of March 21 was selected as the precise day for Ray’s drop-off, because all the Stein family could remember was that on the day he arrived it was windy and raining that night. The FBI’s check with the U.S. Weather Bureau indicated that it rained heavily in New Orleans only on the day and evening of March 21 and the early morning of March 22. This was the only rainfall recorded during the period March 17 to March 24 (MURKIN 2151–2321, section 19, pp. 36, 38, 131).

4. FBI summary report of Ray chronology, MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 34.

5. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 108.

6. FBI summary report of Ray chronology, MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 34.

7. Note that in the 20,000 Words, Ray says he exchanged $200 to $300. Before the House Select Committee, however, he said it was $700 in Canadian currency—see HSCA vol. XII; see Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, at HSCA vol. III, p. 213.

8. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 110.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p.

12. Ibid.

13. James Earl Ray interview with Select Committee Investigators, HSCA vol. II; see Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, at HSCA vol. III, p. 213.

14. James Earl Ray interview with Select Committee Investigators, HSCA vol. IV; see Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, at HSCA vol. III, p. 213.

15. James Earl Ray interview with Select Committee Investigators, HSCA vol. V; see Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, at HSCA vol. III, p. 213.

16. FBI statement of Clyde Manasco, statement of April 10, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, pp. 131–32.

17. See, generally, FBI statement of Quinton B. Davis, April 18, 1968, MURKIN 3763-3872, section 46, p. 19; see also Davis statement, April 10, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 132, and FBI statement of Clyde Manasco, April 8, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 135.

18. FBI summary report of Ray chronology, MURKIN 4143, section 52, p. 32.

19. See MLK Exhibit F-52, Change of Address Order submitted by Eric S. Galt to the Hollywood, California, post office, HSCA vol. II, pp. 50–51; see also interview with James Earl Ray by House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 225, in which Ray says that while he “really didn’t know,” he expected to be in Atlanta “three weeks or something.”

20. Steve Kopp interviewed by the FBI, April 8, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 141.

21. See, generally, Donald F. Wood statement to the FBI, April 5, 1968, MURKIN 2076–2150, section 18, pp. 113–14; see also House Select Committee interview with James Earl Ray, April 29, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 154.

22. Photocopy of Aeromarine Supply Co. Invoice 2251A, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 35.

23. Testimony of James Earl Ray, August 17, 1978, HSCA vol. II, pp. 10, 40–41; see also Ray interview by Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. X, pp. 230, 243.

24. Donald F. Wood statement to the FBI, April 5, 1968, MURKIN 2076–2150, section 18, p. 114.

25. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII.

26. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, reported in HSCA vol. III, p. 218; see also James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 54.

27. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 54.

28. James Earl Ray testimony, HSCA vol. II, p. 15; Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, reported in HSCA vol. III, ftnt. 4, p. 220.

29. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, Augustl8, 1978, reported in HSCA vol., III, ftnt. 15, p. 221.

30. James Earl Ray testimony, HSCA vol. II, p. 12.

31. Statement of Annie Estelle Peters to the FBI, April 16, 1968, MURKIN 2323–2324, section 21, p. 240.

32. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 22.

33. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, pp. 64–65, 88.

34. James Earl Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. I, p. 197.

35. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 115.

36. Ibid.

37. Ibid., p. 116.

38. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 55.

39. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 63.

40. Ibid., pp. 63–64; James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 13.

41. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 61; James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 13.

42. See MLK Exhibit F-59, Piedmont Laundry receipt of April 1, 1968, in HSCA vol. II, p. 65.

43. Peters had Thursdays off, but was there on Friday, April 1, when Ray brought in the laundry. She was also off on April 4, the day King was killed, but was back at work on April 5, the day Ray returned to get his laundry. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 66; see MLK Exhibit F-60, interview with Annie Estelle Peters, September 27, 1977, HSCA vol. II, pp. 70–85.

44. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 67.

45. Mark Lane before the House Select Committee on Assassinations, August 17, 1978, HSCA vol. II, pp. 3, 68.

46. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 89.

47. Testimony of Annie Estelle Peters, August 18, 1978, p. 509.

48. See partial MLK Exhibit F-106, Piedmont Laundry Counterlist, in HSCA vol. II, p. 91; for full exhibit see HSCA vol. III, pp. 308–505.

49. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 94.

26: The Alibi

1. “Oliver Rexall Drug Store,” FBI summary information, includes interviews with Peggy Burns, store clerk, April 4 and 11, 1968, MURKIN 2322, section 20, pp. 134–38, and April 19, 1968, interview, MURKIN 2634, section 26, p. 19.

2. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 117.

3. Frank, An American Death, p. 38; see also unpublished reporters’ notes from The Memphis Press-Scimitar, maintained at Sanitation Strike Archives, listing an interview with Webb in which he told the unidentified reporter, “His car was there all night, and there was a light in his room all night.”

4. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II.

5. James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 69.

6. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. I, p. 101; James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 73.

7. James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 322.

8. See also James Earl Ray quoted in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 70.

9. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. I, p. 101.

10. Ibid., p. 354.

11. Testimony of James Earl Ray, Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 73; in his testimony before the committee, reported in HSCA vol. III, p. 255, Ray was asked, “Mr. Ray, you have previously stated that you had no knowledge at the time of your trip to Memphis, of the activities of Dr. Martin Luther King; is that correct?” Ray: “That is correct.”

12. James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 14, 105; also May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 293; also, Ray said he saw two men stare at him in a strange way when he was in Jim’s Grill; one of them was “dark and somewhat swarthy,” Ray said, and he suggested to the Select Committee that it might be Walter Alfred “Jack” Youngblood, a person who claimed to have worked at times with U.S. intelligence. Ray’s attorneys had developed Youngblood as a possible suspect as Raoul, and Ray, after being shown some pictures of the real Youngblood by his defense team, suddenly “remembered” it looked like a man he claimed to have seen at Jim’s. The problem for Ray is not only that there is no evidence that Youngblood was even in Memphis that day, but there is also no evidence that Ray was ever in Jim’s Grill. None of the witnesses in that restaurant, later interviewed by the police, ever saw anyone who looked like Ray in there at any time on the day of the assassination.

13. James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 70.

14. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 167.

15. Ibid.

16. Ibid.; see James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 63.

17. James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 19, 74; also Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. I, p. 212.

18. James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 16.

19. Ibid., pp. 16–18, 97–98; see also Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, pp. 78–79; see James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 319.

20. James Earl Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 19–20; see, generally, Ray interviewed by the House Select Committee, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 337.

21. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 3.

22. James Earl Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. 1, p. 349.

23. James Earl Ray testimony, HSCA vol. I, p. 351.

24. See, generally, James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, pp. 345–46.

25. James Earl Ray interviewed by Dan Rather, March 9, 1977, HSCA vol. l, p.213.

26. James Earl Ray testimony, HSCA vol. II, pp. 106–7.

27. Ibid., p. 107.

28. Ibid., pp. 107–8.

29. Mark Lane, “The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.—Was James Earl Ray a Patsy?” Hustler, November 1978, republished in HSCA vol. V, pp. 393–98.

30. Grace Walden quoted by Lane, “The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,” Hustler, November 1978, republished in HSCA vol. V, p. 394.

31. National Enquirer, October 11, 1977, p. 32.

32. Mark Lane quoted in HSCA vol. II, pp. 108–9.

33. Dean Cowden quoted in National Enquirer, October 11, 1977, p. 32.

34. Thomas Wilson quoted in National Enquirer, October 11, 1977, p. 32.

35. Narration of Robert Blakey, HSCA vol. V, p. 452.

36. Ibid., pp. 452–53; see also MLK Exhibits F-321 and F-322, statements of Memphis police officers James Simpson and Michael Dougherty, HSCA vol. V, pp. 454–58.

37. See MLK Exhibit F-327, affidavit of Dr. Sidney Vick, November 7, 1978, HSCA vol. V, pp. 516–18; Commitment Proceedings, pp. 519–20; narration of Robert Blakey, p. 515.

38. See testimony of Dr. Jack C. Neale III, November 14, 1978, HSCA vol. V, p. 577; also testimony of Dr. James H. Druff, November 14, 1978, HSCA vol. V, pp. 556–58, 568; also MLK Exhibit F-339, report of Dr. Roger Peele, assistant superintendent of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, Washington, D.C., Re: Grace Walden, November 7, 1978, HSCA vol. V, pp. 613–20.

39. Testimony of Dr. James H. Druff, November 14, 1978, HSCA vol. V, p. 568.

40. Grace Walden, quoted on the NBC Today show, August 15, 1978, transcript reproduced at HSCA vol. V, pp. 622–25.

41. HSCA vol. V, p. 573; as for the height description, see Mark Lane, Code Name “Zorro,” p. 198.

42. Memphis police interview with Grace Hays Stephens (née Walden), April 4, 1968, one page, James Earl Ray Supplements, 1968 Homicide, Attorney General File.

43. FBI interview with Grace Walden, April 5, 1968, MURKIN ME, Sub. D, section 1, p. 5; see also FBI interview with Walden, April 24, reprinted in HSCA vol. V, p. 425.

44. See, generally, affidavit of Robert Williams, November 3, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-317, HSCA vol. V, pp. 427–28; also affidavit of William Herrington, November 3, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-318, HSCA vol. V, pp. 430–31.

45. See affidavit of John R. Jacobs, November 6, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-319, HSCA vol. V, pp. 434–35; narration of Robert Blakey, HSCA vol. V, p. 437.

46. HSCA vol. V, p. 444.

47. Lane, Code Name “Zorro,” p. 358.

48. Testimony of Dean Cowden, August 18, 1978, HSCA vol. III, p. 515; see also affidavit of Coy Dean Cowden, August 15, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-119, HSCA vol. III, pp. 535–38; and affidavit of Collie Cowden Marshall, August 14, 1978, MLK Exhibit F-120, HSCA vol. III, pp. 540–42.

49. Testimony of Dean Cowden, August 18, 1978, HSCA vol. III, p. 517.

50. Ibid., p. 545.

51. Ibid., p. 534.

52. See testimony of Ernestine Johnson, House Select Committee investigator, HSCA vol. V, pp. 547–49.

53. Testimony of Larce E. McFall and Phillip McFall, August 18, 1978, and affidavit of Phillip McFall, August 15, 1978, HSCA vol. III, pp. 550–58.

54. James R. Reid, “Willie Green Tells Again of April 4,” The Memphis Press-Scimitar, May 5, 1977, Sanitation Strike Archives.

55. Internal notes by Memphis Press-Scimitar reporters, James Earl Ray file, 5700, Sani tation Strike Archives.

56. The reporter, James Reid, evidently reported the story accurately, with his one error during the rush of deadline stories that followed in the wake of the King assassination being that he reported Green saw the suspect after the killing, rather than before. Of course, it was a critical mistake that allowed the issue to simmer for three decades.

27: On the Run

1. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 106.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. See, generally, James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 237.

5. Ibid., pp. 240–41.

6. Ibid., p. 241.

7. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 349.

8. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Commit tee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, pp. 85–87.

9. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, pp. 106, 111; see also Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, ftnt. 2, p. 86.

10. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. III; see also James Earl Ray inter viewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 232–33.

11. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 112; Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 88.

12. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 112; James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 233; see also James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 351.

13. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 235.

14. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 44.

15. Ibid.; James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977,HSCA vol. IX, p. 227.

16. Testimony of James Earl Ray, HSCA vol. II, p. 112.

17. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 228.

18. Ibid., p. 230.

19. Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 89.

20. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 28, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, pp. 229, 231.

21. Testimony of Annie Estelle Peters, August 18, 1978, HSCA vol. III, p. 511.

22. Annie Estelle Peters interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, September 27, 1977, MLK Exhibit F-60, HSCA vol. II, p. 72.

23. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 353.

24. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 91; James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, pp. 353–54.

25. See James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, November 14, 1977, pp. 17–19.

26. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 91; James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 353.

27. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 91.

28. See, generally, MURKIN 4351, section 55, p. 25, memo regarding ethnic mix of the neighborhood into which Ray moved.

29. “Felinska Szpakowska,” 3-by-5 index card in Episode Card Index, filed under “Toronto,” Attorney General File; also MURKIN 4442–4500, section 57, p. 60.

30. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 24.

31. FBI document summarizing Ray in Toronto, April 8, 1968-May 6, 1968, MURKIN 4442–4500, section 57, p. 60.

32. See, generally, James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, pp. 354–55; also Frank, An American Death, p. 312.

33. See Gregory Jaynes, “Ray Mystery Deepens on Possible Contacts with Two Other Men,” The Commercial Appeal, June 10, 1968, p. 1.

34. See, generally, James Earl Ray in Compilation of the Statements of James Earl Ray, Staff Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Second Session, August 18, 1978, p. 94; also James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 24–25.

35. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, pp. 357–59, and Ray interviewed November 14, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, pp. 27, 40.

36. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 357.

37. MLK Exhibit F-233, HSCA vol. V, p. 15; see also FBI document summarizing Ray in Toronto, April 8, 1968-May 6, 1968, MURKIN 4442–4500, section 57, p. 60. Note: The House Select Committee on Assassinations, in its reports, spells the name as both Bridgman and Bridgeman. Ray’s letters requesting a copy of the birth certificate list Bridgman, and that is the preferred spelling used in the text.

38. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 24.

39. FBI document summarizing Ray in Toronto, April 8, 1968-May 6, 1968, MURKIN 4442–4500, section 57, p. 61.

40. Frank, An American Death, pp. 312–13; see also Gregory Jaynes, “Ray Mystery Deepens on Possible Contacts with Two Other Men,” The Commercial Appeal, June 10, 1968, p. 1.

41. FBI document summarizing Ray in Toronto, April 8, 1968-May 6, 1968, MURKIN 4442–4500, section 57, p. 61; James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee inves tigators, November 14, 1977, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 27.

42. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 357.

43. Martin Waldron, “Alabamian Named in Dr. King Inquiry,” The New York Times, April 12, 1968, p. 1.

44. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 356.

45. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 24.

46. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 128.

47. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, November 14, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 12.

48. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 22, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 425.

49. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, November 14, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 12.

50. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, March 22, 1977, HSCA vol. IX, p. 425.

51. Ibid., pp. 425–26; James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, November 14, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 32.

52. See James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, HSCA vol. IX, p. 512.

53. FBI summary of Ray in Canada, MURKIN 4442–4500, section 57, p. 61.

54. Ibid., p. 62.

55. See James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, November 14, 1977, HSCA vol. XI, p. 38; HSCA vol. V, p. 16.

56. Lillian Spencer quoted by Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 130; see also FBI summary of Ray in Canada, MURKIN 4442–4500, section 57, p. 62.

57. FBI summary of Ray in Canada, MURKIN 4442–500, section 57, p. 62; HSCA vol. V, p. 20.

58. MLK Exhibit F-234, a reproduction of the Statutory Declaration in Lieu of Guarantor, HSCA vol. V, p. 17.

59. HSCA vol. V, p. 16.

60. Evert Clark, “F.B.I. Accuses Galt of a Conspiracy in Dr. King Slaying,” The New York Times, April 18, 1968, p. 1.

61. Memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, June 5, 1968, MURKIN 4144–4250, section 53, p. 227.

62. Mrs. Szpakowska recounted in Frank, An American Death, p. 315.

63. See spot announcement for FBI, MURKIN 1576–1730, section 13, p. 327; see also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 134.

64. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 134–35.

65. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 360.

66. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 25.

67. Ibid., p. 26.

68. FBI summary information about Sun Fung Loo, MURKIN 4442–4500, section 57, p. 64; see also teletype to Director from Buffalo, June 6, 1968, MURKIN 4351–4440, section 55, p. 24.

69. HSCA vol. V, p. 18; see also memo to Stephen J. Pollack, June 13, 1968, MURKIN 4351–4440, section 55, p. 144.

70. Teletype to Director from Buffalo, June 6, 1968, MURKIN 4251–4350, section 54, p. 142; Lillian Spencer, 3-by-5 index card, Episode Index, Toronto, Attorney General File.

71. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 26; James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 361.

72. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 26.

73. Teletype to Director from Buffalo, June 6, 1968, MURKIN 4251–1350, section 54, pp. 141–42; also memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, June 5, 1968, MURKIN 4144–4250, section 53, p. 227; Frank, An American Death, p. 316.

74. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 27.

75. U.S. Department of Justice, Re: James Earl Ray, June 13, 1968, MURKIN 4576–4663, section 59, p. 116.

76. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 362; also U.S. Department of Justice, Re: James Earl Ray, June 13, 1968, MURKIN 4576—4663, section 59, p. 117; FBI summary information on Portugal and James Earl Ray, MURKIN 5451–5505, section 75, p. 257.

77. James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 362.

78. U.S. Department of Justice, Re: James Earl Ray, June 13, 1968, contains summary of information provided by Gentil Soares, MURKIN 4576—4663, section 59, p. 116; see also memo to Alex Rosen from McGowan, June 13, 1968, MURKIN 4501–4575, section 58, p. 32.

79. U.S. Department of Justice, Re: James Earl Ray, June 13, 1968, contains summary of information provided by Gloria Sausa Riseiro, MURKIN 4576–4663, section 59, p. 120; Frank, An American Death, p. 317.

80. U.S. Department of Justice, Re: James Earl Ray, June 13, 1968, MURKIN 4576–4663, section 59, p. 120.

81. James Earl Ray, 20,000 Words, HSCA vol. XII, p. 27; see also HSCA vol. V, p. 23; see also James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 363.

82. U.S. Department of Justice, Re: James Earl Ray, June 13, 1968, MURKIN 4576–4663, section 59, p. 121.

83. Teletype to Director from Legat, June 29, 1968, MURKIN 4697–4759, section 61, p. 169; see also U.S. Department of Justice, July 1, 1968, Re: James Earl Ray, MURKIN 4697–4759, section 61, pp. 183–84.

84. Teletype to Director from Legat, June 29, 1968, MURKIN 4697–4759, section 61, pp. 169–70; see also U.S. Department of Justice, July 1, 1968, Re: James Earl Ray, MURKIN 4697–4759, section 61, p. 184.

85. See, generally, U.S. Department of Justice, Re: James Earl Ray, June 13, 1968, MURKIN 4576–4663, section 59, pp. 121–22.

86. HSCA vol. V, p. 25.

87. Manuela Lopes quoted in Airtel to Director from Legat, London, June 9, 1968, MURKIN 4501–4575, section 58, p. 70 (in the Airtel her first name is redacted).

88. FBI summary information on Portugal and James Earl Ray, MURKIN 5451–5505, section 75, p. 257.

89. Ibid., p. 258.

90. U.S. Department of Justice, Re: James Earl Ray, June 13, 1968, MURKIN 4576–4663, section 59, pp. 117–18.

91. Airtel to Director from Legat, London, June 9, 1968, MURKIN 4501–4575, section 58, p. 70; HSCA vol. V, p. 23.

92. MLK Exhibit F-240, July 31, 1978, statement of Kenneth Thompson, HSCA vol. V, p. 39; HSCA vol. V, p. 25.

93. Ian Colvin 3-by-5 index card, 1 of 1, Episode Card File, London, Attorney General File.

94. Ian Colvin, “Dr. King Suspect Here 3 Weeks; Mystery Calls to Join Mercenaries,” Daily Telegraph (London), June 10, 1968, p. 1.

95. Ibid.

96. See, generally, James Earl Ray interviewed by House Select Committee investigators, May 3, 1977, HSCA vol. X, p. 368; also MLK Exhibit F-240, July 31, 1978, statement of Kenneth Thompson, HSCA vol. V, p. 39; HSCA vol. V, p. 42; see also Episode Card File, London, Attorney General File.

97. MLK Exhibit F-240, July 31, 1978, statement of Kenneth Thompson, HSCA vol. V, p. 39; HSCA vol. V, p. 43.

98. Colvin, “Dr. King Suspect Here 3 Weeks,” p. 1.

99. Ian Colvin 3-by-5 index card, 2 of 2, Episode Card File, London, Attorney General File; Colvin, “Dr. King Suspect Here 3 Weeks,” p. 1.

100. FBI summary sheet, MURKIN 4351–4440, section 55, p. 148.

101. MLK Exhibit F-240, July 31, 1978, statement of Kenneth Thompson, HSCA vol. V, p. 39; Airtel of July 11, 1968, MURKIN 4901–4982, section 66, p. 45; HSCA vol. V, p. 39; see also Janet Elizabeth Nassau, 3-by-5 index card, Episode Card Index, Attorney General File.

102. MLK Exhibit F-66, HSCA vol. V, p. 58.

103. See MLK Exhibit F-240, July 31, 1978, statement of Kenneth Thompson, and MLK Exhibit F-241, August 1, 1978, statement of John George Batchelor, and August 1, 1978, statement of Peter Arthur Elliott, HSCA vol. V, pp. 34–57; see MURKIN 4697–4759, section 61, p. 118.

104. Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 136.

105. Anna Thomas quoted in Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, pp. 140–41.

106. Anna Elizabette Thomas, 3-by-5 index card, 1 of 2, Episode Card Index, Attorney General File.

107. MLK Exhibit F-240, July 31, 1978, statement of Kenneth Thompson, HSCA vol. V, p. 39; HSCA vol. V, p. 45.

108. Anna Thomas quoted in Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 141; see also MLK Exhibit F- 240, July 31, 1978, statement of Kenneth Thompson, HSCA vol. V, p. 39; HSCA vol. V, p. 41; Anna Elizabette Thomas, 3-by-5 index card, 2 of 2, Episode Card Index, Attorney General File.

109. HSCA vol. V, p. 59.

110. Anna Thomas quoted in Huie, He Slew the Dreamer, p. 141.

111. Anna Elizabette Thomas, 3-by-5 index card, 2 of 2, Episode Card Index, Attorney General File.

28: “The Legal Truth”

1. Ian McDonald, “Conspiracy Suspicions in King Case,” Daily Telegraph, June 5, 1971.

2. William Bradford Huie, “Why James Earl Ray Murdered Dr. King,” Look, April 1969.

3. Publicity release of The Greatest Police Fraud Ever: The James Earl Ray Hoax by Joachim Joesten, MURKIN 5451–5505, section 75, pp. 175–78.

4. Harold Weisberg, Frame-Up (NewYork: Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1969).

5. One of the best discussions of J. B. Stoner, his views, actions, and reprehensible behavior is covered by Melissa Fay Greene, The Temple Bombing (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1996); as for Stoner’s replacement as Ray’s lawyer, see “Rightist Is Hired as Ray’s Lawyer,” The New York Times, March 21, 1969.

6. Testimony of Jerry Ray, November 30, 1978, HSCA vol. VII, p. 328.

7. Frank, An American Death, p. 402n.

8. MLK Exhibit F-594, letter from Jerry Ray to two radio talk-show hosts, Mickey and Teddy on Ring Radio (undated but written during Stoner’s 1972 campaign for U.S. Senator), on official Stoner campaign stationery. The letter provides rather strong evidence of Jerry Ray’s deep-seated racial hatred. It reads in its entirety:

I guess you could call this a fan letter as i usually wouldn’t waste my time writing to a couple of Jew Devils, but been you two are in mourning for them Eleven Jews that got done in by the Arabs in Munich then i figured that i owed you a letter.

The only reason the Jews has so much power is on account of there money but eventually the Jews push there luck a little to far, as i am sure you know the Jews has been run out of every country they have ever been in and they will eventually will be run out of the U.S. it might take another 50 or 75 years but the Jews are like the Nigger beast, give them a rope and they will hang themselves.

I am sure when history is written my Brother James Ray, and the Hon. Gov. George Wallace will be Heroes alongside of JB Stoner.

Continued success with your show as you awaken people to the facts of the Jews.

The Jews are behind Women Liberation, Since the NAACP was founded by a Jew has always been the head of it, that Mangy Jew Devil Kivie Kaplan is presently President of the NAACP. I forgot to mention that Sirhan Sirhan will also down in history as a hero, although Robert Kennedy wasnt a Jew but he is worse he sold the Arabs out for the Jew dollar.

Robert Kennedy was worse than a Jew if that’s possible, he framed up on Hoffa, and sold the Arabs out so i celebrated when he joined the rest of his kind in hell.

I hope you still have your Skull caps on, you might just as well as keep them on as i believe the Arabs will stop at Eleven. Continued success and i hope you stay on [the air] indefinitely.

[signed] Your Fan, Jerry Ray.

Before the House Select Committee, Jerry said the letter was “a joke.”

9. J. B. Stoner quoted in “Ray Lawyer Tells Who Killed King,” The Memphis Press-Scimitar, August 9, 1969.

10. MLK Exhibit F-614, HSCA vol. VII, p. 453.

11. “At Ray’s Request, a Brother Is Barred as Prison Visitor,” The New York Times, September 5, 1969.

12. Testimony of Jerry Ray, November 30, 1978, HSCA vol. VII, pp. 453–56.

13. “James Earl Ray’s Brother Persecuted,” by Jerry Ray, untitled journal, Jerry Ray file, Miscellaneous folder, Box 5, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection.

14. For their first application for a new trial, see “A Retrial for Ray Asked in Memphis by New Lawyers,” The New York Times, April 8, 1969.

15. Martin Waldron, “Ray Fails in Move for Second Trial,” The New York Times, May 27, 1969, p. 1; in an unusually personal note for coverage in the Times, Waldron called Ray “the pudgy 41-year-old convict,” noting that Ray’s weight “has risen from 170 to almost 190 in two months.”

16. “Tennessee Court Bars Ray’s Plea for New Trial,” The New York Times, January 9, 1970.

17. “Ray Says Lawyer Promised Pardon After Guilty Plea,” The New York Times, May 9, 1970.

18. “Ray Loses Bid to Block Publication of Huie Book,” The New York Times, December 2, 1969.

19. U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, Ray v. Foreman, April 29, 1971, 441 Federal Reporter 2d, 1266.

20. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 143.

21. Ibid., pp. 146–47.

22. “Ray’s Lawyers Open Bid for a New Trial,” The New York Times, December 5, 1972.

23. Ray v. Rose, Civil Action No. C-74-166, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee.

24. Memorandum Decision, Ray v. Rose, 373 F. Supp. 687 (1973).

25. Ray v. Rose, 491 S. 2d 285 (1974); see also “Ray’s Guilty Plea in Dr. King’s Death Will Be Reviewed,” The New York Times, January 30, 1974.

26. Ray v. Rose, 417 U.S. 936(1974).

27. See, generally, Orville Hancock and Kay Pittman Black, “High Court Clears Way for Ray to Change Plea,” The Memphis Press-Scimitar, June 3, 1974, p. 1; also Daily Telegraph (London), “Dr. King Case Likely to Be Reopened,” June 4, 1974, in which the correspondent reported that the King assassination “is almost certain to be reopened.” Those reactions were not atypical for many reporters covering the case.

28. Memorandum Decision, Civil Action No. C-74-166, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee.

29. U.S. Court of Appeals, No. 75-1795, filed May 10, 1976, 535 F2d 966.

30. Testimony of William C. Sullivan, November 1, 1975, Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities.

31. Senate Report No. 94-775, Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Book II, p. 11.

32. Report of the Department of Justice Task Force to Review the FBI Martin Luther King, Jr., Security and Assassination Investigations, January 11, 1977, p. 97.

33. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 205.

34. Playboy, September 1977, sidebar, “James Earl Ray’s Lie-Detector Test,” p. 71.

35. Playboy, September 1977, p. 176.

36. James Earl Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, pp. 171–72.

37. Mark Lane and Dick Gregory, Code Name “Zorro.” Zorro, Spanish for fox, was the code name the FBI assigned to Martin Luther King, Jr.

38. Ray, Who Killed Martin Luther King?, p. 178.

39. Interview with Chris Gugas, November 12, 1995; author’s review of his seven-page curriculum vitae.

40. James Earl Ray quoted by Chris Gugas, The Silent Witness: A Polygraphist’s Casebook (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1979), p. 228.

41. Ibid., p. 233.

42. Ibid., p. 237.

43. HSCA Rpt., p. 557, fn. 16.

44. HSCA Rpt., p.4.

45. Ibid.

46. James Earl Ray quoted in “Ray Calls Panel Finds Hoax,” The Commercial Appeal, January 15, 1979, p. 3.

47. “Ray Loses New Trial Bid,” The Commercial Appeal, June 23, 1979.

48. “Ray Suit Dismissed,” The Commercial Appeal, February 9, 1980.

49. “Ray Files Libel Suit in Federal Court,” The Commercial Appeal, July 2, 1980; “Libel Suit Ruling Favors Rep. Ford,” The Commercial Appeal, February 20, 1981.

50. “Ray Given Rebuff,” The Commercial Appeal, June 20, 1980.

51. The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation and many newspapers originally reported the spelling as Alkabulan. According to Ron Bishop, an administrative assistant in the Corrections Department, it is actually Alke-bulan. Ray, in Who Killed Martin Luther King?, spells it Alke-Bulan. However, the author has chosen the spelling listed in the charter of the organization, Alkebu-lan.

52. James W. Brosnan. “Ray Attack Aimed at Publicity, Not at Murder, Officials Agree,” The Commercial Appeal, June 6, 1981.

53. Ibid.

54. “Ray Says Polygraph Test Was Rigged, Files Suit,” The Commercial Appeal, March 30, 1982.

55. Tom Madden, “Ray Files Suit; Seeks ‘Day in Court,’“The Commercial Appeal, May 18, 1982.

56. “Panel Denies Ray Parole Hearing,” The Commercial Appeal, May 28, 1982.

29: The Mock Trial

1. William Pepper, Orders to Kill: The Truth Behind the Murder of Martin Luther King (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1995), pp. 148–50.

2. Ibid, p. 149.

3. Ibid, p. 150.

4. Interview with Ken Herman. August 6, 1997.

5. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 161.

6. HSCA Rpt., p. 515.

7. Pepper, Orders to Kill, pp. 179–80.

8. Interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

9. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

10. Ibid.

11. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 262.

12. “Death Scene of Dr. King is Changed,” The Memphis Press-Scimitar, August 7, 1968. Reported in the article, in part, is, “If the jury in the James Earl Ray trial should be shown the scene of the slaying, the view will be different from what the killer saw. A heavy growth of trees behind the rooming house at 422½ S. Main, from which an assassin shot Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., has been cut down. The nearly 10-foot high embankment which had trees and growth has been stripped, with only tree stumps remaining to show what the scene was like that April evening.… A clerk at the Lorraine said the trees were cut down last week.” The area around the crime scene was largely unkempt before the August pruning. It is possible, however, that city crews were dispatched to the area immediately after the murder to remove some of the overgrowth that might otherwise have hindered investigators who were carefully searching the area. However, if such work took place, it was obviously not even considered a large enough assignment to list in the city records, and certainly was not like the major cutting and clear-up that was charged by Pepper and others.

13. Interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

14. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 308.

15. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

16. Interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

17. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

30: The Confession

1. Prime Time Live, December 16, 1993.

2. Interview with Lewis Garrison, June 12, 1997.

3. John Billings quoted by Marc Perrusquia, “Pierotti Calls Claim of Plot in King Assassination A Sham,’ The Commercial Appeal, December 12, 1993, p. Al.

4. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Supplement Ent #12, Martin Luther King, Jr., MC, 39, Homicide No. 3367, “Re: Interview of Customers in Jim’s Grill, 418 S. Main on April 4, 1968,” p. 1612, Attorney General File.

10. FBI Statement of Loyd Jowers, April 5, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 1, p. 179.

11. Statement of Loyd Jowers, April 7, 1968, questioned by Lt. J. D. Hamby, National Archives Box 13, folder 34, p. 1435, OPR FBI.

12. Interview with Loyd Jowers by George R. King and John Getz, investigation for Mr. Stanton, February 6, 1969, Attorney General File.

13. Supplement Ent #12, Martin Luther King, Jr., MC, 39, Homicide No. 3367, “Re: Interview of Customers in Jim’s Grill, 418 S. Main on April 4, 1968,” p. 1612, Attorney General File.

14. Statement of Loyd Jowers, April 7, 1968, questioned by Lt. J. D. Hamby, National Archives Box 13, folder 34, p. 1438, OPR FBI.

15. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 100.

16. FBI statement of Loyd Jowers, April 5, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 1, p. 179.

17. Interview with Loyd Jowers by George R. King and John Getz, investigation for Mr. Stanton, February 6, 1969, Attorney General File.

18. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 101.

19. Ibid.

20. Ibid., p. 102.

21. Memphis Police Department, Criminal Investigation Division, April 5, 1968, R&I Offense Number, 391–825, Attorney General File.

22. Memo of February 12, 1969, interview with Betty Spates, John Carlisle and Clyde Venson as investigators.

23. Weisberg, Martin Luther King: The Assassination, pp. 184, 273; Lane, Code Name “Zorro,” p. 167.

24. Ray v. Rose, October 23, 1974.

25. Interview with Mark Glankler, August 8, 1997.

26. Willie Akins, a Jowers associate, told The Tennessean on December 15, 1993, that Jowers had confided to him that he hired a mentally “slow” black laborer, Frank Holt, to shoot King from the bushes behind Jim’s Grill.

27. FBI interview with Frank Holt, April 17, 1968, Attorney General File.

28. See, generally, Pepper, Orders to Kill, pp. 319–20.

29. The Tennessean arranged to have the polygraph given to Holt on December 18, 1993, and he passed completely on all key questions.

30. Marc Perrusquia, “Loyd Jowers: A Chronology of Statements,” The Commercial Appeal, April 4, 1997, p. A10.

31. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 320.

32. Interview with Lewis Garrison, June 12, 1997.

33. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 321.

34. Affidavit of Betty Spates, March 8, 1994, Exhibit 37, p. 3; Ray v. Dutton, Warden, Criminal Courts, Shelby County.

35. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 341.

36. Interview with Wayne Chastain, August 4, 1997.

37. Affidavit of Betty Spates, March 8, 1994, Exhibit 37, pp. 3–4, Ray v. Dutton, Warden, Criminal Courts, Shelby County.

38. Review of Attorney General File; interview with John Campbell, April 12, 1997; statement of Alta Washington in The Tennessean, 1994; statement of Betty Spates, January 25, 1994, to Glankler and Simmons, p. 4; statement of Bobbie Jean Smith Balfour given to criminal investigators Mark Glankler, with the district attorney general, and John Simmons, with the Tennessee Bureau of Investigations, January 18, 1994, p. 12; transcript of telephone conversation between Bobbie Jean Smith Balfour and Betty Spates, January 21, 1994, copy provided by the district attorney general’s office, pp. 4–5.

39. Statement of Loyd Jowers to Memphis Police, April 7, 1968, p. 3, Attorney General File.

40. The Spates statement, as of the time of this writing, December 1997, has not been released publicly, but a copy was provided to the author by the district attorney general’s office.

41. Statement of Betty Spates Eldridge given to criminal investigators Mark Glankler, with the district attorney general, and John Simmons, with the Tennessee Bureau of Investigations, January 25, 1994, p. 6.

42. Ibid., p. 7.

43. Ibid., pp. 5–8; interview with Mark Glankler, August 8, 1997.

44. Statement of Betty Spates Eldridge given to criminal investigators Mark Glankler, with the district attorney general, and John Simmons, with the Tennessee Bureau of Investi gations, January 25, 1994, p. 12.

45. Ibid., p. 12.

46. Ibid., pp. 13, 23.

47. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 342.

48. Ibid.

49. Statement of Bobbie Jean Smith Balfour given to criminal investigators Mark Glan kler, with the district attorney general, and John Simmons, with the Tennessee Bureau of Investigations, January 18, 1994, p. 5; copy of statement made available to author by the district attorney general’s office.

50. Ibid., p. 7.

51. Ibid., pp. 8–9.

52. Transcript of telephone conversation between Bobbie Jean Smith Balfour and Betty Spates, January 21, 1994, copy provided by the district attorney general’s office, pp. 4–5.

53. Ibid., p. 9.

54. Ibid., p. 19.

55. Ibid., p. 8.

56. Ibid., p. 18.

57. Departmental Communication, April 12, 1968, prepared by N. E. Zachary, chief of homicide, Memphis Police, Re: Rev. Martin Luther King Murder, Box 13, p. 3333, OPR FBI.

58. HSCA Rpt., p. 507.

59. Departmental Communication, April 12, 1968, prepared by N. E. Zachary, chief of homicide, Memphis Police, Re: Rev. Martin Luther King Murder, Box 13, p. 3333, OPR FBI.

60. See memo to the Attorney General from the Director, April 25, 1968, MURKIN 2076–2150, section 18, pp. 85–86.

61. See, generally, Departmental Communication, April 26, 1968, prepared by N. E. Zachary, chief of homicide, Memphis Police, Re: Memo Number 145, Box 13, p. 3385, OPR FBI; FBI interview with Frank Camilla Liberto, April 19, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 3, pp. 37–39; FBI interview with James William Latch, April 19, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 3, pp. 40–41.

62. Interview with N. E. Zachary, June 13, 1997.

63. HSCA Rpt., p. 506.

64. Memo to Attorney General from Director, April 20, 1968, MURKIN 44–38861-1816; also staff summary of John McFerren interview, March 12, 1977, HSCA, MLK document 260200; see also FBI interview with John McFerren, April 18, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 3, p. 50.

65. Memorandum of interview with John McFerren, Somerville, Tennessee, July 9, 1976, Box 13, OPR FBI.

66. Ibid.; see also FBI interview with John McFerren, April 8, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 1, p. 36.

67. John McFerren interview, March 12, 1977, HSCA, MLK document 260200; see also FBI interview with John McFerren, April 8, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 1, p. 37; see also MURKIN 2076–2150, section 18, pp. 77, 80.

68. John McFerren interview, March 12, 1977, HSCA, MLK document 260200.

69. FBI interview with John McFerren, April 18, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 3, p. 51.

70. Memo to Cartha DeLoach from Alex Rosen, April 22, 1968, MURKIN 2076–2150, section 18, p. 76; see also memo to DeLoach from Rosen, April 20, 1968, MURKIN 1731–1.820, section 14, pp. 183–84.

71. FBI interview with John McFerren, April 18, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 3, p. 52.

72. Memorandum of interview with John McFerren, Somerville, Tennessee, July 9, 1976, Box 13, OPR FBI.

73. Ibid.

74. Interview with David Kaywood, June 12, 1997.

75. Memorandum of interview with John McFerren, Somerville, Tennessee, July 9, 1976, Box 13, OPR FBI.

76. See generally memorandum of telephone call from John McFerren, November 16, 1976, by James Walker, attorney at Department of Justice, Box 13, OPR FBI.

77. HSCA Rpt., pp. 507–8.

78. See statement reproduced in Lane, Code Name “Zorro,” pp. 166–67.

79. James McCraw statement, October 24, 1992, Ray v. Jowers, et al. In August 1994, Pepper filed a $46-million civil lawsuit against Jowers.

80. Memo to Mssrs. Dwyer, Beasley, and Carlisle Re: James Murphy McCraw, also known as James N. McGraw, November 8, 1968, with attached documents, Attorney General File.

81. Interview with Jim Beasley, August 8, 1997.

82. Interview with Mark Glankler, August 8, 1997.

83. Interview with Robert Ferguson, October 1, 1997.

84. Interview with Lewis Garrison, June 12, 1997.

85. Ibid.

86. Ibid.

87. Statement of Loyd Jowers, April 7, 1968, Memphis police department, Box 12, Folder 34, p. 1435, OPR FBI.

88. FBI statement of Harold E. Parker, April 15, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 1, pp. 91–92.

89. Dexter King quoted by Arthur Brice, “Ray Lawyer Points to Statements About Hit Man,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, September 21, 1997, p. A15.

90. Interview with John Campbell, October 10, 1977.

31: Exit Raoul

1. Dexter King quoted in “Dexter King Says ‘Raoul’ Has Been Found,” San Francisco Chronicle, April 7, 1997, p. A7.

2. Interview with Lewis Garrison, June 12, 1997.

3. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

4. Interviews with Ken Herman, August 6 and 7, 1997.

5. William Pepper, Orders to Kill, pp. 373–77.

6. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

7. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

8. Interviews with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997, and Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

9. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

10. Ibid.

11. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

12. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

16. Interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

17. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

18. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

19. Interviews with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997, and John Billings, August 7, 1997.

20. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

21. Ibid.

22. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

23. Interviews with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997, and Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

24. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

25. James Earl Ray interviewed by Playboy, September 1977, p. 79.

26. HSCA Rpt., pp. 510–11.

27. Ibid., pp. 514–15; see also Melanson, The Murkin Conspiracy, pp. 46–49.

28. HSCA Rpt., pp. 511–12.

29. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

30. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997; confirmed by interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

31. Marc Perrusquia, “Who Killed King? ‘I’m Innocent,’ Insists Raoul,” The Commercial Appeal, January 26, 1997, p. Al.

32. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

33. William Pepper quoted by Christopher Sullivan, “Martin Luther King’s Murder Shrouded In Conspiracy Theories,” Los Angeles Times, January 21, 1996, Bulldog Edition, p. A1.

34. William Pepper, Orders to Kill, pp. 343–44.

35. Interview with John Campbell, October 30, 1997.

36. Ibid.; also interview with Mark Glankler, August 8, 1997.

37. Interview with Mark Glankler, August 8, 1997.

38. Interview with Raul, October 29, 1997.

39. Ibid.

40. Interview with Mark Glankler, August 8, 1997.

41. Ibid.

42. The following section of disclosures about Raul Mirabal is based upon investigative work by Mark Glankler, and confirmed independently by the author through his own interview with Raul, and review of documentation including work records, interviews with colleagues, and pension contributions. The district attorney general in Memphis maintains copies of those records.

43. Interview with Raul, October 29, 1997.

44. Author’s review of Raul Mirabal’s work records, made available by Janet Mattick, Esq.

45. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

46. Interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

47. Interview with Raul, October 29, 1997.

48. Ibid.; interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

49. Interview with Raul’s daughter, October 29, 1997.

50. Interview with Raul, October 29, 1997.

51. Ibid.

52. Interview with Janet Mattick, October 29, 1997.

53. Interview with Ed McDonald, October 29, 1997.

54. Interview with Raul’s daughter, October 29, 1997.

55. Interview with Janet Mattick, October 29, 1997.

56. Interview with Raul, October 29, 1997.

57. Ibid.

58. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

59. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

60. Ibid.

61. Interview with John Campbell, August 5, 1997.

62. Interview with John Pierotti, June 16, 1997.

63. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 373.

64. Interview with John Campbell, October 30, 1997.

65. Interview and review of file with John Campbell, October 30, 1997.

66. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

67. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

68. Ibid.; also interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

69. Interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

70. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

71. E-mail from John Campbell to author, October 24, 1997.

72. Interview with John Billings, August 7, 1997.

73. Interview with Jack Saltman, July 14, 1997.

74. Interview with April Ferguson, August 19, 1997.

75. Interview with Gene Stanley, July 30, 1997.

76. Interview with Sid Carthew, October 30, 1997.

77. “BNP Organiser Emerges as Witness for Killer of Martin Luther King,” Searchlight, January 1996.

78. Ibid.; see also “Pepper’s Theory Sneezed At,” Searchlight, 1997.

79. Interview with Ken Herman, August 6, 1997.

32: Military Hoax

1. See William Pepper, Orders to Kill, pp. 462–95.

2. Steve Tompkins, “Army Feared King, Secretly Watched Him,” The Commercial Appeal, March 21, 1993, p. Al.

3. See John Branston, “Double Exposure,” The Memphis Flyer, July 17–23, 1997, p. 15; also Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 411.

4. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997.

5. Interview with Rudi Gresham, July 16, 1997.

6. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997.

7. Pepper, Orders to Kill, pp. 418–19.

8. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997.

9. Letter from Ola L. Mize to Rudi Gresham, September 29, 1995.

10. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997; interview with Lee Mize, July 17, 1997; also, three-page letter, Lee Mize to Rudi Gresham, September 29, 1995.

11. Pepper, Orders to Kill, pp. 420, 475.

12. Ibid., p. 420.

13. Ibid., pp, 428, 485.

14. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997; interview with Ian Sutherland, July 17, 1997.

15. Pepper, Orders to Kill, p. 418.

16. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997; also review of transfer file sheets, at home of Rudi Gresham, for 1967 and 1968.

17. Pepper, Orders to Kill, photo section.

18. Interview with Daniel Ellsberg, July 17, 1997.

19. Daniel Ellsberg, Memo for the Record, November 8, 1996, p. 1 of 2.

20. Interview with Daniel Ellsberg, July 17, 1997; see also Daniel Ellsberg, Memo for the Record, November 8, 1996, p. 1 of 2.

21. Interview with Daniel Ellsberg, July 17, 1997.

22. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997.

23. Interview with Rudi Gresham, July 16, 1997.

24. Interview with Henry Cobb, July 17, 1997.

25. Ibid.

26. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997.

27. See, generally, letter from the adjutant general to Major General (ret.) Henry Cobb, June 3, 1997.

28. Pepper, Orders to Kill, pp. 428–30.

29. See Morning Reports, 20th SFG, Jackson, Mississippi, April 1968.

30. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997. The 20th was actually switched from the 5th Rangers Group in 1959. There was a 5th Special Forces in 1960. Under an order of April 28, 1961, groups were established, such as 177, 178, 179. The group 184, part of the original 5th Rangers team, existed for one year. Coincidentally, Ian Sutherland was on the roster as the executive officer of the 184 unit. See, generally, Extract, Office of the Adjutant General, New Or leans, Special Orders, Number 131, July 19, 1960, and Number 74, April 28, 1961.

31. Conversation recounted by interviews with Rudi Gresham, July 16, 1997, and Billy Eidsonjuly 17, 1997.

32. Interview with Billy Eidson, July 17, 1997.

33. Interview with Rudi Gresham, July 16, 1997.

34. Interview with Billy Eidson, July 17, 1997.

35. Interviews with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997, and Ray Davis (“It was ridiculous when I examined it”) and Harry Summers, Jr. (“A fake and not a very good one at that”), July 17, 1997.

36. Interview with Jimmy Dean, July 16, 1997.

37. William Pepper, Turning Point, ABC, June 19, 1997.

38. Interview with Billy Eidson, July 17, 1997.

39. Interview with Rudi Gresham, July 16, 1997; interviews with Billy Eidson, Lee Mize, and Henry Cobb, July 17, 1997.

40. Interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997.

41. Interview with Rudi Gresham, July 16, 1997; see also Marc Perrusquia, “Phony, Say Experts, of Claims by Ray’s Lawyer of King Plot,” The Commercial Appeal, June 28, 1997, p. B1.

42. Ibid.

43. Steve Tompkins quoted by John Branston, “Double Exposure,” The Memphis Flyer, July 17–23, 1997, p. 16; interview with Rudi Gresham, June 30, 1997; interview with Steve Tompkins, August 20, 1997.

44. Conversation with Marc Perrusquia, July 24, 1997.

45. Marc Perrusquia, “Conspiracy Theories Run into Contradictions,” published on November 30, 1997, on The Commercial Appeal Internet site.

33: Ray’s Last Dance

1. ABC Nightline, April 3, 1977, transcript 87040301-j07.

2. Interview with Judge Joe Brown, August 3, 1997.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Interview with John Campbell, August 4, 1997.

6. Interview with Judge Joe Brown, August 3, 1997.

7. Ibid.

8. Jerry Ray quoted by Dwight Lewis, “Ray Brother Wants It Known: He Had No Part in Killing,” The Tennessean, January 4, 1998, p. 20.

9. FBI interviews with Bessie Brewer, April 10, 1968, MURKIN 2322, section 20, pp. 26–28, and MURKIN ME, Sub. D, section 1.

10. FBI statement of Ralph Meredith Carpenter, April 5, 1968, MURKIN ME Sub. D, section 1, pp. 110–11.

11. Frances B. Thompson interviewed by the FBI, April 5, 1968, MURKIN ME, Sub. D, section 1, p. 19.

12. Elizabeth Copeland interviewed by the FBI, April 5, 1968, MURKIN ME, Sub. D, section 1, p. 18.

13. Charles Hardy Hurley interviewed by the FBI, April 5, 1968, MURKIN ME, Sub. D, section 1, p. 4.

14. FBI statements of Kenneth W. Foster, April 12, 1968, and William Zenie (Bill) Reed, April 13, 1968, MURKIN ME, Sub. D, section 1, pp. 185–86, 197–98.

15. Billy Kyles and Chauncey Eskridge, both in their FBI interviews, based their time estimates on when they remember King going onto the balcony. Since King was shot at 6:01, the time he went outside starts the clock. Kyles, who was visiting King, said they broke up at 5:55, but Eskridge was certain that King stepped into full view as early as 5:45.

16. Later the police cut away part of the windowsill, suspecting a small indentation may have been made by the rifle resting there. The author spoke to Robert Frazier, the FBI expert who examined the sill in 1968, and he said the sill consisted of “decomposed wood, and when it was pressed down it receives the imprint of the polishing mark of the rifle. It could have been made by light contact with the type of barrel of the Remington rifle.” But Frazier admitted that there was not “sufficient detail” to make a comparison. “If it was from the rifle,” he says, “the rifle just glanced or tapped it. It was not deep enough for the rifle to have rested on it.”

17. “Trip to Quincy, Illinois, 10/15 thru 10/17/69,” notes made October 20, 1969, by George McMillan, no folder, Box 1—Correspondence Related to Book Research, Research Files on Ewing, McMillan/Southern Historical Collection.