A
ABC News:
Nightline and, 321
Prime Time Live and, 275, 276, 277, 280, 289n
Raoul story and, 302
Turning Point and, 313, 315–19
Abernathy, Juanita, 15
King assassination and, 29–31, 42
Memphis sanitation strike and, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16–17, 19–21, 23, 24
Academy for Young Adults (Chicago), 102, 103
Acapulco nightclub (Montreal), 156, 165
Aeromarine Supply Company (Birmingham), 12–14, 18, 37–38, 39, 51, 222–25
Africa, 135
Ray’s attempt to travel to, 246–49
Ray’s interest in immigrating to, 44, 46, 188–89, 207–8, 210, 240, 243, 245, 247
Agnew, Mabel, 241
Aguirre Medrano, Manuela (Irma La Douce), 185–89, 197
Air Guardsmen, 37n
Akins, Willie, 280, 281, 282, 284
Alabama:
civil rights movement in, 49, 170, 194
driver’s license issued to Ray by, 173, 176, 216–17
plates for Ray’s Mustang acquired in, 178
Ray’s interest in, 169
see also Birmingham
Alabama Highway Bureau, 216–17
Alkebu-lan, 265
Alpha 184 team, 309, 311–12, 314
Alton, Ill.:
armed robbery at I.G.A. in, 123–24, 125
bank robbery in, 154–55, 160, 161n, 263n, 264
Ray’s birth in, 77
Ray’s stays in, 88–92, 96–97, 107, 109–10, 153
Alton Bank & Trust Company, 92
American Death, An (Frank), 222n, 258n
American Independent Party, 169n, 194, 205
American Nazi Party, 137n, 255
American–Southern African Council, 207
American Television School (St. Louis), 97n
Amnesty International, 273
Angola, Ray’s attempt to travel to, 246–47, 248
Anschutz, Willie, 26, 28, 33, 328
Arcade Photo Studio (Toronto), 241
Arellano Torres, Elisa, 187, 188, 189
Arkin, Eli, 311
Ray’s black-market activities in, 93, 168
Ray’s discharge from, 95, 101, 105, 106
Ray’s problems in, 94–95
Ray’s service in, 92–95, 107, 131, 133, 269
in surveillance of King, 308 317
Arvey Corporation (Chicago), 102, 103
Askins (Kansas City), 114
Atlanta, 218n
annotated map of, 220, 220n–21n, 239
Ray’s postassassination odyssey in, 237–39
Ray’s preassassination activities in, 17, 38, 40, 220–22, 224–27
Atlantic Hotel (Chicago), 151, 212n
Atlas Shrugged (Rand), 158
Austin, Joseph Elmer “Blackie,” 121–24
Avery, Harry, 255n
B
Bailey, F. Lee, 48
Bailey, Walter, 20n
Baker, Hugh, 12–13
Ball, Jerry, 85
Ballin, Marvin, 280n
Baltensperger, John, 278n
Baltimore, riot in (1968), 37n
Bank of Alton, robbery at, 154–55, 160, 161n, 263n, 264
Barger John, 290n
Baton Rouge, 178n
Raoul’s telephone number in, 174, 174n–75n, 181, 242
Battle, W. Preston, 58, 62, 64n
death of, 72
guilty plea accepted by, 67–72
BBC, 269–70
Beasley, James, 67, 71n, 72, 216, 288
Belli, Melvin, 48
Best Evidence (Lifton), 168n
Biafra, Ray’s visit to legation for, 247
Big Marie (madam), 87
Billings, John, 324
HBO-Thames mock trial and, 271, 273–74
Jowers confession and, 275–76, 277n, 281
Raoul story and, 292, 295–98, 300, 302, 305–6
Birmingham, 218n
civil rights movement in, 49, 194
Raoul story and, 174–75, 177–78
Ray’s activities in, 7–8, 12–14, 37–38, 39, 167, 169–80, 183, 194n, 209, 220, 222–25
Ray’s lodgings in, 170–72
Rosenson issue and, 190
solid identification established for Galt alias in, 171–73, 175–76, 178
timing of Ray’s departure from, 177–79, 181
Birmingham Trust National Bank, Ray’s safe deposit box at, 172, 176, 178
Biro, Andrew, 110
Birrell, Lowell, 143
Biscara, Rodimir, 185–86
Black, Kay Pittman, 272
Black Entertainment Television, 323
and Invaders contingent in Memphis sanitation strike, 9, 10, 11, 16, 23
Blair, Clay, Jr., 67, 116n, 158, 178n, 253
Block, Julius, 133n
BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation), 244
James Bond series, 158
Bonebrake, George, 51
Borger, William, 125n
Borg-Ericson (Chicago), 103
Bourgard Motel (Dorion, Canada), 156, 159n
Bremerhaven, Germany, 149
Ray’s Army tour in, 93–94
Brewer, Bessie, 25–27, 230, 244, 325–26
Brickhouse, Jack, 151
Bridgman, Paul (Ray alias), 43n, 44, 240–43
Bridgman, Paul (real person), 43n, 44, 241
British European Airways, 250
British intelligence, 158n
Britton, Thomas, 136
Brown, Bailey, 258n
Brown, H. Rap, 135
Brown, Joe, 290n, 321, 322–23, 324
Brown, Robert, 83
Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary:
allegations about Ray’s treatment in, 300n
Ray attacked by black inmates at, 265
Ray’s escape attempts at, 257, 260
Bryant, Baxton, 285–86
Brynes Sheet Metal Company (Los Angeles), 101
Buckley, Glen, 135
Buckley, Joseph, 262
Buford, Ellington, 11
Bull, Peter, 317n
Burch, Louis, 20
Burkhardt, Alfred, 146
Buskirk, Katherine, 114
Butler, Thomas, 45–17
Byers, Russell, 205
C
Caldwell, Earl, 269, 269n–70n, 272
California:
see also Los Angeles
California Democratic Council, 217
Campbell, John, 280, 291, 298n, 302, 322, 331n
Camp Crowder, Mo., 92–93
manhunt for Ray in, 43–44, 244–45
passport issued to Ray by, 158, 161–66, 177, 240–43, 245–48
passports easily issued in, 143
Ray’s immigration to, 153–55
Ray’s membership in lonely hearts club in, 177
Ray’s postassassination odyssey in, 43–44, 239–46
Ray’s preassassination stays in, 43, 58–59, 120, 156–68, 183, 225
Ray’s primary alias in, 156–60
see also Montreal
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 190, 224, 230n
Canadian Department of Transport, 166
Canadian intelligence, 158n
Canale, Phil, 67, 69, 70, 133, 258n
Canipe, Guy, 33–34
Canipe Amusement Company (Memphis), 33–34, 231, 327, 331
Capitol Homes housing project (Atlanta), 38, 40, 238–39
Capote, Truman, 42
Carlisle, John, 279n
Carmichael, Stokely, 135
Carroll & Graf, 318
Carter, Harold “Cornbread,” 26, 32n
Carter, James D., 127
Casa Susana (Puerto Vallarta), 185, 186–87
Case Closed (Posner), 300n, 320n
Cash, Johnny, 268
CBS News, 302
Central Intelligence Agency, see CIA
Chaney, James, 50
Chastain, Wayne, 267, 276–77, 281, 297, 320
Cherpes, Peter, 38, 171–72, 173, 180, 184, 244
Chicago:
Ray brothers’ summit in, 151–53, 176
Ray’s trips to, 97, 102–6, 148–53, 212n
Chicago Tribune, 149, 150, 151
China, People’s Republic of, 49
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 31n, 262, 278, 290n, 295, 320n, 334
Kennedy assassination and, 258
in supposed King assassination conspiracy, 147n, 158n, 254, 267, 269, 297, 318, 319
Civil War, 80
Clark, Earl, 290n
Clark, Ramsey, 37, 40, 69, 70, 71n
Coast Guard, 196
Cobb, Henry, 313–16
Cochran, Johnnie, 312
Code Name “Zorro” (Lane and Gregory), 234n, 235, 262, 279
COINTELPRO, 259
Collins, Doug (Ray alias), 215
Colton, john, 321n
Committee to Investigate Assassinations, 257–58
Communism, 109
Communist Party, 259
Community On the Move for Equality (COME), 5
Congo, Ray’s inquiries about mercenaries in, 248–49
Congress, U.S., 317
investigation of King assassination launched by, 259–60
see also House Select Committee on Assassinations
Congressional Black Caucus, 259
Conners, Harry, 124–25
Continental Dance Club Studios (Birmingham), 177, 180, 197
Conyers, John, 16
Cooley’s Organization, 137
Court TV, 312
Cowles Communications, 67
Craig, Carl, 134
Crawford, Gene, 278
Crawford, Willie, 272–73
Crawley, Ted, 153
Crusade Against Corruption, 254n
Cuba, 256
Culis, Robert, 124
Cypress Tavern (St. Louis), 153
D
Daily Telegraph (London), 248, 250n
Dallas, Tex., 181
Davis, Quinton, 8
Davis, Ray, 315
Davis, Roy, 33n
Dean, Jimmy, 315
DeCarvelho, Anthony Charles, 202n
Delacorte Press, 253n
DeLoach, Cartha, 37
DeShazo, John, 12
DeSoto Motel (near Corinth, Miss.), 225
Dickinson, Mac, 298
Dirty John (bootleg customer), 120
Donaldson, Sam, 275, 280, 289n
Donnelly family (rooming house owners), 148–49, 154
Dorfman, Allen, 296
Doubleday, 258n
Dowd, Dr., 125n
Dowda, Lewis Raymond, 134, 136
Downie, John W., 317
Dryden Rubber Company (Chicago), 97
Duncan, Eric, 91
Eaton, Leonard, 26
Ebenezer Baptist Church (Atlanta), 40, 220
Economy Grill and Rooms (Birmingham), 170–72, 174, 176, 184
Edmundson, George, 143
Eidson, Billy R., 311, 313–16, 318–19
Eist, Alexander, 51–52, 52n–53n
Elizabeth, queen of England, 208
Ellington, Buford, 71n
English and Scotch Woolen Company (Montreal), 161, 166
Eskridge, Chauncey, 30, 31n, 329
Esquivel, Raul, 297
Evans, Sam, 290
Everhart, Robert, 104–5
Ewing, Mo., 89
E.Z. Formula, 176
F
Fair Incorporated (Beaumont, Tex.), 235
Faquin, Arthur, 256
“Fat Man,” 246n
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 32n, 52n, 78n, 97n, 143, 145n, 153n, 161n, 167n, 174, 221, 232, 249n, 277, 305n, 309n
Alton bank robbery and, 154
annotated Atlanta map and, 220
ballistics work of, 51, 64, 272n, 321–22, 323
beaten to witnesses by Huie, 149n
bounty offer and, 139
in campaign against King, 10n–11n, 24, 31n, 49, 259
in extradition of Ray, 51
gas station alibi and, 235, 236
Huie’s articles helpful to, 61
investigation into King assassination launched by, 37–42
Jeff City inmates interviewed by, 128n, 136n
Jowers’s original statement to, 277, 290–91
McFerren’s story and, 286–87, 288n
manhunt conducted by, 41, 42–47, 214n, 241, 242, 244–45, 333
Mustang recovered by, 212n
Rabbit’s Foot incident and, 215, 216
racial attitudes of Ray investigated by, 91, 111n
Raoul story and, 171n, 175, 203n, 225, 299–300
Ray family members interviewed by, 88n, 95n, 111n, 133, 135, 144
Ray’s Birmingham activities and, 175, 177n, 178n
Ray’s Brushy Mountain escape attempt and, 260
Ray’s imaginary importance to, as prison escapee, 175, 176, 196, 201, 210, 212, 213–14, 333
Ray’s Los Angeles activities and, 209–10
Ray’s Mexican activities and, 182n, 184n, 187n, 188
Ray’s New Orleans trip and, 198n, 199n, 202n
Ray’s radio and, 328n
Ray’s successful prison escape and, 150, 151
rooming house witnesses and, 234, 235
in supposed King assassination conspiracy, 147n, 158n, 201n, 256, 259, 262, 270, 299–300, 318, 332n
and threats against King, 136n, 137n
Fensterwald, Bernard, Jr., 257–58, 259
Ferguson, Robert, 289
Fields, Edward, 170n–71n
5th Special Forces Group, 311
Finley, Bernell, 34
Flamingo Motel (Selma), 219
Focal Encyclopedia of Photography, 174
Ford, Harold, 264
Foreign Legion, 52
Foreman, Percy, 55n, 62–72, 221, 254, 304
convinced of Ray’s guilt, 63, 65n
financial interests of, 63, 64–65, 66
gas station alibi and, 231
guilty plea and, 64, 65–72, 257, 258
inadequacies in representation of, 63–64, 258
lawsuits against, 256, 257, 264
Ray’s attempted dismissal of, 66, 68, 72
Forum (Los Angeles), 98
Foto Lusitania (Lisbon), 248
Fox, 277
Frame-Up (Weisberg), 254
Francisco, Jerry, 272n
Frank, Gerold, 67, 222n, 258n, 269n–70n
Frankel, Marvin, 271
Freeman, Mark O., 195–96, 200, 204, 208, 210
French Connection, 162
Friends of Rhodesia, 210
Fuller, Frank (uncle), 79n, 87
Fuller, Mabel Ray (aunt), 79n, 96, 102
G
Galt, Eric S. (Ray alias), 37–41, 46, 156–57, 174n, 196, 228, 236, 240
charges against brother of, 40n
in days preceding assassination, 17–18, 22, 219, 220, 222n, 224, 225, 226
duplicate license requested for, 216–17
FBI investigation into, 37–40
FBI manhunt for, 40, 241, 242, 244–45
identified as James Earl Ray, 40–41, 244
New Orleans trip and, 201–2
possible military connection and, 156n
Ray’s choice of name, 157–60
and Ray’s first use of “Starvo” middle name, 173
and real Galt’s resemblance to Ray, 157, 241n
solid identification established in Birmingham for, 171–73, 175–76, 178
Wallace campaign and, 194
Galt, Eric S. (real person), 43n, 156–57, 158, 241
Galt, Karl (fictitious), 172, 212
Garcia, Luis, 188
Gardner (code name), 309n
Garner, James, 17, 40, 220, 222, 224, 225, 226
Garrison, Jim, 203, 257, 270, 271
Garrison, Lewis:
Jowers confession and, 275, 281, 283, 284, 289–90
Raoul story and, 292–94, 297, 298
Gawron, John Eugene “Jack,” 120–21, 122, 148, 153, 154n
Geraldo!, 261n
Gerard-Liebro, Jean, 249
Germany, 96
interest in King case in, 254n
Nazi, Ray’s admiration for, 91–92, 93
Ray’s Army tour in, 92–95
Ray’s disillusionment with citizenry of, 94
Ghormley, J. E., 34
Glankler, Mark, 280–84, 289, 298–99, 300, 302
Glen Echo Country Club, 119
Globe and Mail (Toronto), 159n
Gonzalez, Richard, 217n
Goodman, Andrew, 50
Goodsell, Pat, 215–16
Grabow, Glenda, 292–94, 296, 298, 299, 300, 303–6
Grabow, Roy, 292–93, 294, 303, 304
Granada Hotel (Birmingham), 170
Grapevine Tavern (St. Louis), 204–5, 209
Graves, Virgil, 86
Gray Rocks Inn (Montreal), 163–64
Greatest Police Fraud Ever: The James Earl Ray Hoax, The (Joesten), 147n, 254
Green, George, 104
Green Berets, Pepper’s military conspiracy hypothesis and, 158n, 308–19
Gregory, Dick, 262
Gresham, Rudi, 309–19
Guadalajara, Ray’s stopover in, 183
Guerrillas (Hochhuth), 254n
Gugas, Chris, 262–63
Guhleman, Henry, 142–43
Guinan, Frank, 134
Gun Rack (Birmingham), 7–8, 222
H
Hadley, Russell, 212–13
Hagemaster, Henrietta, 22
Hall, Andrew, 323
Hamby, J.D., 271n–72n
Hanes, Arthur, Jr., 49, 53, 57–58, 61, 63
Hanes, Arthur, Sr., 48, 49–50, 53–55, 61, 62n, 63, 67, 103n, 277n
dismissed by Ray, 62
fee arrangements of, 50, 53–55, 63, 64
gas station alibi and, 231, 232
lawsuit against, 55n, 256, 257
Raoul story and, 221
and Ray’s departure for Memphis, 224–25
Ray’s prison interviews with, 57–58, 62
Hardin, James C., 210n
Hatcher, Richard, 16
Hays, Renfro, 63n, 233, 234, 235, 267, 268, 278, 288
HBO-Thames mock trial, 19n, 92n, 117n, 271–74, 276, 292, 296, 298n, 309
Heathfield House (London), 248
Hefner, Hugh, 262
Hennies, Clyde, 313
Herman, Kenny, 268, 269, 307, 324
HBO-Thames mock trial and, 271, 272–73
Jowers confession and, 275–76, 277, 279–85, 288, 289
Raoul story and, 292, 293–300, 302, 305, 306
Hersey, William, 209
He Slew the Dreamer (Huie), 253, 256
Hewitson, Ronald, 210
Hill, Robert, 99n, 103n, 230n, 256
Hitler, Adolf, 86–87, 91–92, 93, 254
Hobbs, Gerald, 84
Hochhuth, Rolf, 254n
Holland, Bill, 101
Home Box Office, see HBO-Thames mock trial
Home Service Laundry (Los Angeles), 3 7
Hooker, John J., Jr., 65
Hooker, John J., Sr., 65
Hoover, J. Edgar, 24, 49, 70, 259
Hotel Oceano (Puerto Vallarta), 188
Hotel Pax (London), 248
Hotel Portugal (Lisbon), 247
Hotel Rio (Puerto Vallarta), 184, 188
Hotel Tropicana (Puerto Vallarta), 184, 189
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA), 20n, 25n, 31n, 32n, 36n, 41n, 50n, 52n, 64n, 73, 136n, 153n, 171n, 234, 272
Alton bank robbery and, 154
annotated Atlanta map and, 221
ballistics findings and, 323
bounty offer on King and, 137–39
conclusions of, 264
convinced of Ray’s lying, 227
duplicate driver’s license and, 217
formation of, 259–60
gas station alibi and, 232, 233, 235–36
Keating interview and, 165n
Kimble’s claims and, 270
Lane criticized for conduct before, 264
lawsuit against, 264
London robberies and, 249n
McFerren-Liberto story and, 285, 286, 287–88
McMillan’s testimony to, 230n
polygraph examinations and, 263n
Rabbit’s Foot incident and, 216
Raoul story and, 175n, 203, 204, 295n, 296–97, 306
James Earl Ray’s camera equipment and, 176
James Earl Ray’s departure for Memphis and, 225–27
James Earl Ray’s Mexican activities and, 182, 186, 187n
James Earl Ray’s New Orleans trip and, 199n, 200, 202n, 203n
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
James Earl Ray’s prison escape and, 144–45, 148n, 150n
James Earl Ray’s testimony before, 157, 157n–58n, 159, 160n–61n, 163n, 167, 178n, 180n, 182, 187n, 197n, 203, 204, 218n, 221–27, 228n–29n, 229, 232, 237–38, 239n, 240n, 245n, 260, 261, 262, 296–97
James Earl Ray’s racial attitudes and, 91n
Jerry Ray’s false statement and, 256
Jerry Ray’s testimony before, 152–55, 255n, 295n
John Ray’s testimony before, 135n, 155n, 205
Redditt and, 269
Rosenson issue and, 190–92
Houston, Grabow-Raul encounters in, 293–94, 303–4
How to Cash In on Your Hidden Memory Power (Hersey), 209
Hromadka, Vincent, 123
Huie, William Bradford, 49–50, 53, 54–55, 68, 91n, 135n, 144n, 150n, 153, 172n, 179, 201n, 206, 208, 214, 215, 216, 221, 222n, 230n, 244n, 277n
Bridgman alias and, 242n
camera equipment and, 176, 179n
conspiracy theories and, 253
FBI beaten to witnesses by, 148n–49n
Foreman’s deal with, 63
gas station alibi and, 231, 232
lawsuit against, 55n, 256, 257, 258n
Look articles by, 58–62, 145, 160n, 219n, 253
Montreal whorehouse robbery and, 160n–61n
20, 000 Words to, 58, 91, 161n, 163n, 216, 218n, 230n, 240n
Ray’s departure for Memphis and, 224–25
Ray’s Mexican activities and, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188
Ray’s New Orleans trip and, 199–200
Ray’s story passed to, 58
safe deposit box and, 178n
structuring of financial deals with, 53–55, 63–66
Hunt, Bunker, 298n
Hunter, Robert, 108
I
I.G.A. (Alton, Ill.), 123–24, 125
“I Got Involved Gradually, and I Didn’t Know Anybody Was to Be Murdered” (Huie), 60–62
Illinois State Penitentiary (Menard), 110, 120, 121, 124, 126
Illinois State Training School for Boys, 102
Indiana State Reformatory, 102
Indian Trail (Winnetka, Ill.), 149–53, 162, 196
Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation (Pascagoula, Miss.), 171
Inside Story: Who Killed Martin Luther King?, 269–70
International Police Equipment Company (Los Angeles), 211n
International School of Bartending (Los Angeles), 39, 209, 214, 244
International Shoe Company (East Hartford, Ill.), 90–91, 92
International Society of Hypnosis, 208
Irma La Douce (Manuela Aguirre Medrano), 185–89, 197
Isaacs, Billie, 249n
Isaacs, Maurice, 249n
J
King assassination and, 30, 31n, 42
Jeff City, see Missouri State Penitentiary
Jeri (supposed conspirator), 201n
Jet, 136n
JFK, 269n
Jim’s Grill (Memphis), 27, 28, 73, 229, 230, 231, 270, 327
Jowers confession and, 275–91, 292, 298, 324
Joesten, Joachim, 93n, 147n, 254
John Birch Society, 40, 207, 208, 239
Johnson, Henry, 150
Johnson, Lyndon, 16, 24, 191n, 217, 309n, 318
Johnson, Virginia May, 152n
Jones, Penn, 258
Jones, Solomon, Jr., 19, 30, 31–32, 271–72
Jowers, Loyd, 73, 275–91, 292, 298, 301, 324
changes in story of, 289–90
McCraw statement and, 288–89
McFerren-Liberto story and, 285–88
original statement of, 290–91
Prime Time Live appearance of, 275, 276, 277, 280, 289n
Spates’s recantation and, 283–85
Justice Department, U.S., 259, 264, 287
in extradition of Ray, 50–51
K
Kansas City:
knifing incident in, 113, 113n–14n
Ray’s stays in, 113–14, 118–19
Keating, Claire, 163–66, 168, 197
Kellerville, Ill., burglary of post office in, 112–15
Kennedy, John F., assassination of, 51, 137, 168n, 254, 257–58, 259, 269, 270, 278n
author’s speculations on motivations for, 333
Grabow’s disclosures about, 303–6
New Orleans atmosphere and, 202–3
supposed links between King assassination and, 42–43, 64, 287, 297
Kennedy, Robert, 44, 215, 250, 255, 259, 293
Kennedy Assassination Inquiry Committee, 42–43
Kennedy Travel Bureau, 44, 243–44, 245–46
Kerner, Otto, 151
Kimble, Jules Ricco, 269–70, 297
King, Alfred Daniel (A.D.), 23
King, Bernice, 318
King, Coretta Scott, 15, 42, 64n, 71, 259, 318
King, Dexter, 277, 290n, 291, 292, 307, 315
Pepper’s book endorsed by, 312, 318
Ray visited in prison by, 323
King, Martin Luther, Jr.:
activities of, in days preceding assassination, 5–7, 9–12, 15–17, 19–21, 23–24, 219–20, 221, 228, 230
in Birmingham civil rights campaign, 49
birthday of, as holiday in federal prisons, 256n
federal campaign against, 7n, 10n–11n, 24, 259, 308 317
first assassination attempt on, 21
Memphis sanitation strike and, 5–7, 9–12, 15–17, 19–21, 23–24
nonviolence advocated by, 9, 11, 16, 43, 194
Poor People’s Campaign and, 6, 11, 15–16, 195, 219
press coverage of, prior to assassination, 150, 194–95, 217, 219, 224, 228, 324, 328
Ray’s denial of knowledge about, 238
Ray’s views on, 135
struck by assassin’s bullet, 29–32, 35, 329–31
surveillance on, 7n, 10n, 24, 24n–25n, 31n, 49, 259
Vietnam War opposed by, 266n
King, Martin Luther, Jr., assassination of, 29–34
annotated Atlanta map and, 220, 220n–n, 239
applauded by Stoner and NSRP, 254, 255n
King, Martin Luther, Jr., assassination of
and assignment of King’s motel room, 19n–20n
ballistics findings in, 51, 64, 271, 271n–72n, 290n, 321–22, 323
bounty offer and, 135–39, 143, 204, 205, 213, 264, 334, 335
conspiracy fever after, 42–43, 58–62, 68, 69–73, 253–59
death penalty as possibility in, 65, 66
description of scene, 29–32, 329–31
escape of assassin in, 33–34, 36
escape vehicle in, see Mustang
“Fat Man” payoff and, 246n
FBI investigation into, 37–42
FBI manhunt after, 41, 42–47, 214n, 241, 242, 244–45, 333
fingerprints of suspect in, 40, 62, 65n, 224, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302, 332n
gas station alibi and, 231–37, 267
guilty plea for, 64–73, 253, 256–57, 258
gun control legislation in wake of, 223n
HBO-Thames mock trial and, 19n, 92n, 117n, 271–74, 276, 292, 296, 298n, 309
HSCA findings on, 264
Jowers confession and, 73, 275–91, 292, 298, 324
J. Kennedy assassination and, 42–43, 64, 287, 297
R. Kennedy assassination and, 44
King rushed to hospital in, 35
lapses in police reaction to, 36–37
launching of congressional investigation into, 259–60; see also House Select Committee on Assassinations
and lessening of security at Lorraine, 20n, 24n–25n, 269
location chosen for, 169, 170, 217, 324–26
mob-related theories about, 158n, 266n, 275, 278n, 285n, 334–35
and movements of Ray’s Mustang, 27–28, 34, 36, 38–39, 230–31; 236, 237–38, 271, 277, 278, 327, 331–32
as nearly perfect assassination, 332n
new trial sought for, 256–59, 264, 267, 268, 321–24
origination of shot in, 31, 31n–32n, 33, 35–36, 270, 322–23
Pepper’s military conspiracy hypothesis and, 158n, 308
photo of suspect in, 39, 214n, 244
police response to, 31n, 32–37
possible rendezvous of Ray brothers after, 239n
Raoul story and, see Raoul
Ray identified as suspect in, 40–41
Ray’s activities in days before, 7–8, 12–14, 17–18, 22, 25–28, 219–31
Ray’s aliases and, 43n, 156–60, 241n
and Ray’s departure for Memphis, 224–28
and Ray’s earlier threats against King, 135–39, 334
Ray’s expression of interest in, 152, 169, 170
Ray’s extradition and, 50–53, 55–56, 64, 249n
and Ray’s fixation on FBI’s ten most-wanted list, 213–14
Ray short of cash after, 243, 249
and Ray’s interest in Rhodesia, 189n
Ray’s New Orleans trip and, 202–3
Ray’s plastic surgery and, 213–14
Ray’s prison escape and, 147n
and Ray’s proficiency with guns, 92n–93n, 122, 269
Ray’s sixty-five day odyssey after, 237–50, 253, 331–32
and Ray’s supposed lack of earlier violent behavior, 113n–14n
recovery of murder weapon in, 34, 37, 40, 51, 52, 290n, 332n
reward for killer in, 245
rooming house witnesses and, 33, 232–33, 234–35
Rosenson issue and, 190–92
and shrubbery across street from Lorraine, 272–73
sources of Ray’s money in year prior to, 68, 154–55, 160–61, 168, 194, 221
Stoner’s conspiracy theory and, 255–56
and suspicion of Ray stalking King, 219, 219n–20n, 224, 230, 239
and transfer of black firemen, 25n
two-Rays theory and, 254
weapon purchased for, 7–8, 12–14, 37, 222–23, 225, 229
King, Martin Luther, Sr., 220
King, Martin Luther, III, 318
King, Yolanda, 318
KKK, see Ku Klux Klan
Klingeman, Clara, 151
Klingeman, Harvey, 151
Kniest, Tim, 128n
Knox, Lewis, 103–4
Kopp, Mike, 12
Koppel, Ted, 321
Kroger (St. Louis), 122, 124–25, 153
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 49, 50, 56, 254n, 309
in Lewis County, Mo., 80
and possible bounty on King, 136n, 137
Kyles, Samuel “Billy,” 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 19–20, 29–30
King assassination and, 30, 31n, 32, 329
L
Lail, Paul, 132–33
Lane, Mark, 136n, 261n, 265, 268, 296
book written by, 77n, 92n–93n, 234n, 235, 262, 279
gas station alibi and, 232, 233, 235, 236
in HSCA hearings, 52n–53n, 226, 227, 232, 259, 264
legal options pursued by, 264, 323, 324
polygraph examinations and, 262–64
rooming house witnesses and, 232–33, 234
Larry King Live, 312–13
Las Vegas, Ray’s trip to, 208
Latch, James, 286
Latimer, James, 278n
Law Enforcement Administration (LEAA), 191n
Lawson, James M., 4, 5–6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 21, 23, 261n
Leavenworth Penitentiary, 145
Ray’s honor farm incident at, 117, 150
Ray’s incarceration at, 115–17, 119–20, 130, 131, 132, 134, 181, 187
Le Bunny Lounge (New Orleans), 203
LeCron, Leslie, 209
Ledbetter, Jessie, 26
Lee, Bernard, 9, 10, 16, 31n, 32n
Lee, Marie, 202
LeMaster, Dennis, 216
Liberto, Frank, 275, 285, 286, 287, 288n, 289–90
Liberto, Liberto and Latch (Memphis), 285, 288n
Liberto, Salvatore, 285
Lillibridge, Cecil, 120, 132, 134, 135
Lisbon, Ray’s postassassination odyssey in, 246–48
Little, Brown, 258n
Liuzzo, Viola, 49
Local Swinger, 211–12
Locksmithing Institute (Little Falls, N.J.), 40, 161, 177, 209, 222
Loenneke, George, 32
Lohmeyer, Harvey (real person), 222n
London:
bank robbery in, 249
extradition proceedings in, 50–53, 55, 64, 249n
Ray apprehended and detained in, 44–55, 134n, 250
Ray’s flight to, 243–44, 246, 248–50
Long-Lewis hardware store (Bessemer, Ala.), 12, 222
Loo, Sun Fung, 44, 242, 244, 245, 246
Huie’s articles in, 58–62, 145, 160n, 219n, 253
Lopes, Manuela, 248
Lorraine Motel (Memphis), 7n, 10n, 19, 271
buildings across street from, 25–27, 324–26
Lorraine Motel (Memphis) (cont.)
King assassination at, 29–34, 329–31
King’s regular room at, 19n–20n
and Ray’s choice of sniper’s nest, 324–26
shrubbery across street from, 272–73
surveillance on King at, 24, 24n–25n
plastic surgery undergone by Ray in, 212–14
psychologist consulted by Ray in, 195–96, 197n, 200, 204, 208, 210
Ray’s favorite haunts in, 197
Ray’s lodgings in, 193–94, 209–10
Ray’s stays in, 37–40, 98–100, 178n, 179n, 189 193–200, 206, 208–18, 222, 334
Rosenson issue and, 190
swingers solicited by Ray in, 210–12
Los Angeles Free Press, 210–12, 239
Los Angeles Times, 194, 196, 207
Louisiana, 173
Raoul’s telephone numbers in, 167, 167n–68n, 171n, 174, 174n–75n, 178n, 181, 182, 242
see also New Orleans
Lowmeyer, Harvey (Ray alias), 12–14, 37–38, 39, 222
M
McBride, Willard J., 114–15
McCarthy, Joseph, 109
McCraw, James, 276, 284, 288–89
McDonald, Ed, 301
McDouldton, Robert, 246n
McFall, Larce, 236
McFall, Phillip, 236
McGhee, Madeline “Tots,” 82, 83
McLaughlin, H. M., 152n
McMillan, George, 65, 67, 77n, 99n, 111, 133, 176, 179n, 187
Galt alias and, 158
lawsuit against, 258n
Ray brothers’ Chicago summit and, 151, 152–53
James Earl Ray’s sexuality and, 103n
Jerry Ray’s interview with, 94n, 123n, 128n, 168, 169n, 229n–30n
John Ray’s letter to, 81n, 87, 145n
rifle transactions and, 223n
McNeil, Jack, 276–77, 320, 323–24
McRae, Robert M., Jr., 257, 258
McWerter, Ned, 273
mafia, see organized crime
Maher, John (grandfather), 79
Maher, Mary (grandmother), 79, 88–89, 90–91, 96, 103, 107, 108, 109, 118, 119, 120, 147, 152n
Maher, Willie (uncle), 91, 93, 97, 109, 154
Making of an Assassin, The (McMillan), 128n
Mammy’s Shanty (Atlanta), 221
Manasco, Clyde, 7–8
Manzo, Carlos, 184n
Marcello, Carlos, 203, 285, 293, 296, 304, 334–35
Mariners House (Montreal), 162
Marion, Iowa, Ray’s arrest in, 101–2
Marley, Frank, 26
Martin, Marie (Marie Tomaso), 197–201, 209, 212n, 217, 219
Melanson, Philip, 157n
Memphis:
Ray’s activities in, 22, 25–28, 228–37, 256, 324–32
Ray’s departure for, 224–28
Ray’s lodgings in, 25–27, 325–26
reward for assassin offered by city of, 245
shooting of King in, 29–32, 329–31; see also King, Martin Luther, Jr., assassination of
Memphis City Public Works Department, 272–73
Memphis Commercial Appeal, 11n, 37, 230, 324
Tompkins’s article in, 308 314, 316, 317n, 318
Memphis Ministers Association, 4
Memphis Police Department:
King assassination and, 31n, 32–33, 34, 35–37, 234–37, 271–72, 277, 279n, 282, 290, 331
in King surveillance, 24, 24n–25n, 31n, 32
sanitation strike marchers attacked by, 4–5, 10
in security detail at Lorraine, 20n, 24n–25n, 269
in supposed assassination conspiracy, 158n, 259, 290
Memphis Police Tactical (TACT) Units, 24n–25n, 34, 37
Memphis Press-Scimitar, 231, 233, 236, 273
Memphis Public Works Committee, 4
Memphis sanitation strike (1968), 3–7, 9–12, 221
events leading to, 3–4
first march in, 4–5
injunction against march in, 19–20, 23
King’s first march in, 6–7, 9–12
King’s “mountaintop” speech during, 21
King’s return to, 15–17, 19–21
monitored by military intelligence, 309n
national figures invited to, 5–6
SCLC decision on, 15–16, 224, 225, 228, 289–90
Memphis Veterans Administration Hospital, 235
Menard, see Illinois State Penitentiary
Menard, Richard, 133
Messer.T.L., 26
Mexico, 135
as fugitive hideout, 143–14
manhunt for Ray in, 41, 42, 43
Ray’s decision to leave, 189
Ray’s illegal activities in, 165, 168n, 174, 181–83, 188, 189n, 204
Ray’s relationships with women in, 185–89
Ray’s stays in, 38, 43, 119–20, 180, 181–89, 194, 208, 225, 256
timing of Ray’s immigration to, 177–79
Miles, Billy, 133
military intelligence:
civil unrest monitored by, 24, 309n
Pepper’s conspiracy hypothesis and, 158n, 308
Milton, Frank, 53
Minutemen, 137n
Mirabal, Amaro, 293, 294, 299, 305
Mirabal, Raul (Dago), 293–307
author’s meeting with, 307
civil suit against, 300–301, 302
fingerprints of, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302
Grabow’s claims about, 292–94, 303–6
locating of, 294–95
Memphis investigators’ interviews with, 298–99
photo lineup and, 295–97
press harassment of, 301–2
Ray team’s harassment of, 300–302
Mirabal, Mrs. Raul, 298–302, 307
Mismaloya Beach, Mexico, 185–86
Missouri Department of Corrections, 128n
Missouri Hospital for the Criminally Insane, 142
Missouri Legislative Committee on Prisons, 127–28
Missouri State Penitentiary (Jeff City), 40, 52, 59, 65n
fellow prisoners’ statements on Ray at, 130–36
history of, 127–28
largely run by prisoners, 128–29
prison officals’ statements on Ray at, 131n
racial attitudes expressed by Ray at, 135–37
racial segregation at, 128
Ray as “merchant” at, 131–34, 136n, 138–39, 152, 168
Ray’s incarceration at, 126–47, 207–8
Ray’s parole hearings at, 140, 142–43
Ray’s section assignments at, 129, 130
Ray’s successful escape from, 58, 68, 84n, 143–48, 150, 158n
Ray’s threats against King at, 135–39
Ray’s unsuccessful escape attempts at, 129–30, 140–42, 257
Ray’s work assignments at, 129–30, 140–41, 143
violence among prisoners at, 127–28
Missouri Supreme Court, 140n, 145n
Mitchell, Donald Lee, 139
Modern Photo Bookstore (New York), 174, 177–78
Modern Photography, 174
Montel Williams, 312
Montes Meza, Margarita, 187
Montreal:
Ray’s new identity in, 161, 163
Ray’s postassassination odyssey in, 40, 245
Ray’s preassassination stays in, 120, 156–68
Ray’s primary alias in, 156–60
Ray’s smuggling activities in, 162–63, 165, 166–68
waterfront haunts in, 162–63
whorehouse heist in, 160–61, 168
Moos, Henry, 243
Morantz, Aubrey, 248
Morrison, James, 215
MSNBC, 323
Murphy (code name), 309–11, 313, 316n, 317
Mustang (Ray’s car):
Alabama tags for, 178
movements of, on day of King assassination, 27–28, 34, 36, 38–39, 230–31, 236, 237–38, 271, 277, 278, 327, 331–32
purchase of, 172–73, 175, 176, 215n
Raoul given keys to, 215n
two-Mustang theory and, 172n–73n
wiped clean of fingerprints, 238
N
Nash, E.V., 128
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 4
National Cleaners (East Alton, Ill.), 109–10
National Dance Studio (Long Beach), 39, 196–97, 200, 206, 209, 217
National Enquirer, 233, 235, 261n
National Guard, 158n
20th Special Forces Group, 308–19
National Party (Great Britain), 306
National Security Agency (NSA), 158n
National Socialist White People’s Party, 137n
National States Rights Party (NSRP), 48, 170n–71n, 254, 255
Neo Products (Chicago), 102
Neptune Tavern (Montreal), 162–63, 165, 297
Newark, LEAA pilot project in, 191n
New Earl’s Court Hotel (London), 248, 249, 250
Raoul’s telephone number in, 167, 167n–68n, 178n, 182, 242
Raoul story and, 198n, 199–200, 203–4
Ray’s trips to, 39, 198–206, 212n, 213, 217, 218n, 219, 334
New Orleans Police Department, 190
New Rebel Motel (Memphis), 22, 38, 39, 225, 228, 229
New York Daily News, 301
Nightline, 321
Nolan, Walter, 134
Northbrook Bar (St. Louis), 153
Northwestern University, 102
Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, 178n
Ray’s trip to, 177, 180, 181–83
O
O’Connor, “Bull,” 49
O’Connor, Jim (Ray alias), 120, 121
Office of Law Enforcement Assistance, 191n
Olsen, Gjirdis Anna D., 149n
111th Military Intelligence Group, 308–9, 317n
O’Neill, Tip, 260
Operation Landing, 55–56
Orange, James, 272
Orders to Kill (Pepper), 7n, 77n, 93n, 158n–59n, 255n, 260n, 278n, 308–9
Grabow’s disclosures and, 293, 303, 304, 306
Dexter King’s endorsement of, 312, 318
media interest in, 312–13, 315–19
organized crime, 158n, 266n, 275, 278n, 285n, 334–35
Oswald, Lee, 56, 68, 136n, 202, 222n, 258, 300n, 333