P
Paisley, William, 38, 172–73, 175, 215n, 244
Pancho Villa motel (Guadalajara), 183
Partee, John, 265
Patler, John, C., 54n
Paulus, Gertrude Struve, 149
Pax Hotel (London), 250
Peacock, Robey, 84
Pepper, Albert (brother-in-law), 121n
Pepper, Carol (sister), see Ray, Carol
Pepper, William F., 20n, 266, 267–74
background of, 266n
BBC documentary and, 269–70
book written by, 7n, 77n, 93n, 158n–59n, 255n, 260n, 278n, 293, 303, 304, 306, 308
Galt alias and, 158n–59n
HBO-Thames mock trial and, 270–76, 309
Jowers confession and, 275–77, 279–85, 288, 289, 290n, 324
LEAA and, 191n
legal initiatives of, 267–68, 321, 322, 323
military conspiracy hypothesis of, 158n, 308
as naturally suspicious person, 2, 79n–80n
Raoul story and, 292, 297, 299n, 300–301, 303–6
Ray’s Brushy Mountain escape attempt and, 260n
Peters, Annie Estelle, 17, 224, 226, 239
Phil Donahue Show, The, 261n
Phoenix Program, The (Valentine), 317n
Piedmont Laundry (Atlanta), 17, 224, 226–27, 239
Raoul story and, 297–98, 301, 302–3
Pinela, Lucy, 37
Playa del Gloria, Mexico, Ray’s stay in, 187
Playboy, 111 n, 113n, 117n, 122n, 157n, 261, 262, 263n, 264, 332n
lawsuit against, 265
Pontiac, Ill., Ray at medium-security prison in, 106–7
Poor People’s Campaign, 6, 11, 15–16, 195, 219
Popkin, Richard, 258
Portugal, Ray’s postassassination odyssey in, 246–48
Posada Vallarta (Puerto Vallarta), 187, 189
Powers, Margarita, 193
Presley, Elvis, 268
Prime Time Live, 275, 276, 277, 280, 289n
Provincial Motel (New Orleans), 202
Psycho-Cybernetics (Maltz), 195, 209, 212
Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, Ray’s stay in, 183–89
Q
Queen Elizabeth Hotel (Montreal), 161
Quigley, Charles, 141
Quincy, Ill., 153
Ray family’s return to, 95–96
Ray’s childhood trips to, 87–88, 90
Ray’s stays in, 102, 103, 107, 110
Quincy Compressor Company, 102
R
Rabbit’s Foot Club (Los Angeles), 197, 215–16
racial segregation, 83, 117, 128, 150
Ragano, Frank, 296
Ramparts, 266n
Rand, Ayn, 158
Ransom, Jerome, 265
Raoul, 59–60, 64, 68, 70, 72, 73, 92n, 239n, 256, 270, 280
as alias, 295n
breakthrough in investigation of, 292–307; see also Mirabal, Raul (Dago)
in days preceding assassination, 220n, 221–25, 228–31, 237, 277n
FBI coverup allegations and, 299–300
Galt alias and, 158
Grabow’s disclosures on, 292–94, 303–6
Herman’s search for, 294–96
HSCA investigation into, 175n, 203, 204, 295n, 296–97, 306
Huie’s conclusions about, 253
inconsistencies in Ray’s stories of, 162n, 168n, 221
J. Kennedy assassination and, 303–6
Lifton’s assessment of, 168n
Louisiana telephone numbers of, 167, 167n–68n, 171n, 174, 174n–75n, 178n, 181, 182, 242
Memphis district attorney general’s investigation into, 297–99
Mustang keys given to, 215n
people falsely identified as, 297; see also Mirabal, Raul (Dago)
Ray given money by, 174, 175, 183, 203–4
Ray’s Birmingham activities and, 174–75, 177–78
Ray’s first jobs for, 165, 166–68
Ray’s first meetings with, 162–63
Ray’s Mexican activities and, 177, 178 181
Ray’s New Orleans trip and, 198n, 199–200, 203–4, 218n
rifle supposedly passed to, 224, 321
Rosenson issue and, 190, 191, 297
television interest in, 302
travel documents promised by, 162–63, 165, 167, 182, 203
Rather, Dan, 51n, 62n, 157n, 160n, 167, 168, 178n, 218n, 229n, 232
Raul:
spelling of, 293n
see also Mirabal, Raul (Dago); Raoul
Ray, Carol (Mrs. Albert Pepper) (sister), 84, 85, 102, 103n, 109, 118, 204, 250n
James’s prison earnings and, 132n
Ray, Earl (uncle), 78–79, 87, 88, 90, 93, 96, 102, 106, 108, 110–11, 131
death of, 120
Ray, Franklin Dennis (brother), 89, 102, 108, 118, 152n, 172
Ray, George “Speedy” (father), 77–92, 99, 106, 110, 118
different surnames used by, 78
family abandoned by, 103
James’s loss of respect for, 88
racial attitudes of, 83
reaction of, to King assassination, 332
remarriage of, 129
Ray, Gerald William “Jerry” (brother), see Ray, Jerry
Ray, Gjirdis Anna D. Olsen (sister-in-law), 149n
Ray, James Earl:
Alabama driver’s license obtained by, 173, 176, 216–17
aliases of, 240, 241n; see also specificaliases
Alton bank robbery and, 154–55, 160, 161n, 263n, 264
ambiguous sexuality of, 103n, 116n
anger and grudges of, 82
anti-Semitism of, 91
apprehended and detained in London, 44–55, 134n, 250
in Army, 92–95, 107, 131, 133, 269
bartending course taken by, 39, 208, 209, 214, 244
binoculars bought by, 37, 230–31, 326
black-market activities of, 93, 119, 120, 131–34, 136n, 138–39, 162–63, 165, 166–68, 174, 181–83, 188, 189n, 204
books written by, see Tennessee Waltz; Who Killed Martin Luther King, Jr.?
Paul Bridgman alias of, 43n, 44, 240–43
brothers’ relationship with, 84, 85, 117, 120, 144
camera equipment of, 173–79, 179n–80n, 238, 328
Canadian passport obtained by, 158, 161–66, 177, 240–43, 245–48
at Chicago summit of Ray brothers, 151–53, 176
childhood of, 79–89
clemency appeal submitted by, 264–65
Doug Collins alias of, 215
conspiracy theories fueled by, 69–73, 255, 256
criminal record of, 98–106, 109–10, 112–15, 121, 124–26
dance lessons taken by, 177, 180, 196–97, 200, 206, 209, 217
“defense fund” for, 54n
depression suffered by, 179
derogatory racial terms used by, 100n
disintegration of family of, 103, 107–9
drinking of, 94, 99, 106, 107, 109, 113, 151
as drug dealer, 131–34, 136n, 138–39, 168, 188
drug use of, 94, 133–34, 135, 137, 138–39, 140, 151, 181n, 188, 189 202, 216
early thievery of, 84–85, 87–88
extradition of, 50–53, 55–56, 64, 249n
factual errors in writings of, 78n, 92n, 129n, 141n
failing health of, 73, 129, 323
family background of, 77–79
FBI investigation into, 3 7–42
FBI manhunt for, 41, 42–47, 214n, 241, 242, 244–45, 333
first “arrest” of, 87
first solo crime of, 160
first straight job of, 90–91, 92
fixated on imaginary importance to FBI, 175, 176, 196, 201, 210, 212, 213–14, 333
friendships of, 84–85, 87–88, 91
Eric S. Galt alias of, see Galt, Eric S.
gas station alibi of, 231–37, 267
girlfriends of, 102–3, 185–89, 197–98
guilty plea of, 64–73, 253, 256–57, 258
guilty plea repudiated by, 72–73
guns purchased by, 7–8, 12–14, 37, 178 222–23, 225, 229
habeas corpus proceedings for, 72, 258, 279, 281
Haneses’ prison interviews with, 57–58, 62
HBO-Thames mock trial of, 19n, 92n, 117n, 271–74, 276, 292, 296, 298n
HSCA testimony of, 157, 157n–58n, 159, 160n–61n, 163n, 167, 178n, 180n, 182, 187n, 197n, 203, 204, 218n, 221–27, 228n–29n, 229, 232, 237–38, 239n, 240n, 245n, 260, 261, 262, 296–97
hypnosis explored by, 208–9
hypochondria of, 116n, 134–35, 142, 143, 179
impulsive side to, 113
incarcerations of, 40, 52, 58, 68, 99–100, 101–2, 103, 106–7, 115–17, 126–47, 207–8
Dexter King’s meeting with, 323
legal representation of, 48–50, 53–54, 62–63, 66, 72, 254, 257, 259, 262, 264, 266, 320, 324
litigation spree of, 55n, 256, 257, 258n, 264, 265, 300–301
locksmithing course taken by, 40, 161, 177, 209, 222
Harvey Lowmeyer alias of, 12–14, 37–38, 39, 222
lying and fabrications of, 78n, 98–99, 102, 105–6, 110, 115, 125, 142, 150n, 157n–58n, 167, 168, 173, 187n, 209, 212, 221–22, 223, 224n, 225–27, 230n, 231
marksmanship of, 92, 92n–93n, 122, 269
marriage and divorce of, 261n
merchant seaman’s papers sought by, 119, 162, 196
money used by, in year preceding King assassination, 68, 154–55, 160–61, 168, 194, 221
movements of Mustang of, on day of assassination, 27–28, 34, 36, 38–39, 230–31, 236, 271, 277, 278, 327, 331–32
Mustang bought by, 172–73, 175, 176, 215n
Mustang wiped clean of fingerprints by, 238
new trial sought by, 256–59, 264, 267, 268, 321–24
Jim O’Connor alias of, 120, 121
personal ad placed by, 210–12
plastic surgery undergone by, 187, 212–14, 334
politics as interest of, 86
polygraph examinations undergone by, 261–64, 265
possible porn venture of, 169, 176–77, 196, 211
possibly treated for venereal disease, 125n
postassassination odyssey of, 237–50, 253, 331–32
prison escape of, 58, 68, 84n, 143–48, 150, 158n
psychiatric reports on, 106, 142–43
psychologist consulted by, 195–96, 197n, 200, 204, 208, 210
racial attitudes of, 52, 83, 91, 111, 117, 135–37, 165, 166, 186, 187, 189n, 196, 201, 215–16, 333–34
Raoul story of, see Raoul
John Larry Rayns alias of, 144, 148–49, 156, 159n, 167, 168, 170, 172, 175, 196
reactionary political beliefs of, 91–92
reared in poverty, 79–81, 82, 85
respectable Canadian woman sought by, 161, 163–66, 168
rights to story of, 49–50, 53–55, 63, 64–65, 66
robbery spree of (1959), 120–26
rumors of death of, 42
safe deposit box of, 172, 176, 178
schooling of, 82–84, 85–86, 88, 96, 97, 102, 103
security precautions for, 56, 57–58
sentiment or emotion never exhibited by, 84n
sex manuals bought by, 161, 211
shy with women, 88, 90–91, 121, 164, 177
sleep disturbances and nightmares of, 83, 142
Ramon George Sneyd alias of, 43–53, 241–48
televised mock trial of, 19n, 92n, 117n, 271–74, 276, 292, 296, 298n, 309
unmemorable physical appearance of, 244n
unsuccessful prison escape attempts of, 129–30, 140–42, 257, 260
violent behavior ascribed to, 113, 113n–14n, 133n
Walters alias of, 245
whorehouses and prostitutes frequented by, 87, 88, 93–94, 113, 121, 160, 163, 164, 184, 185–87, 188, 247
John Willard alias of, 25–28, 33–34, 38, 224, 228, 228n–29n, 230, 241n
work history of, 90–91, 92, 97–98, 102, 103, 109, 119, 149–50, 152, 153, 194, 196
Ray, Jerry (Gerald William) (brother), 41, 48, 54n, 66, 67, 78n, 84n, 105, 106, 111n, 118–19, 121n, 123n, 128n, 135, 139n, 140, 169, 175, 176, 212n, 217, 261, 323, 335
Alton bank robbery and, 154, 263n
brother’s legal representation and, 62
at Chicago summit of Ray brothers, 151–53, 176
childhood of, 79–81, 83–88, 96, 102
civil suits filed by, 258n
conspiracy theories fueled by, 255–56
criminal record and incarcerations of, 102, 108, 110, 117, 126
in days following King assassination, 239n
father’s relationship with, 88n, 108n
Galt alias and, 159–60
Hitler’s appeal described by, 91–92
HSCA testimony of, 152–55, 255n, 295n
Huie’s articles and, 219
James’s August 1967 meeting with, 168–69
James’s Montreal activities and, 168
James’s New Orleans trip and, 201, 204, 205
James’s preassassination telephone call to, 229n–30n
James’s prison escape and, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151
James’s prison “merchant” activities and, 131–32, 133, 152
James’s relationship with, 84, 85, 117, 120, 144
marriage of, 149n
polygraph examinations undergone by, 263n
Raoul story and, 167n–68n, 297
reaction of, to King assassination, 41, 136n
rifle transactions and, 223n
Stoner’s relationship with, 170n, 255
televised mock trial and, 273
work record of, 149
Ray, Jim (grandfather), 77–78, 87
Ray, John (brother), 41, 54n, 61n, 62, 67, 82n, 92, 118–19, 135, 139n, 140, 152n, 153n, 166, 208, 212n, 335
Alton bank robbery and, 154
at Chicago summit of Ray brothers, 151–53, 176
childhood of, 79–81, 84–88, 96
criminal record and incarcerations of, 102, 107–8, 117, 126, 145, 222n, 256
in days following King assassination, 239n
Galt alias and, 159–60
HSCA testimony of, 135n, 155n, 205
James’s New Orleans trip and, 204, 205
James’s prison escape and, 144–45, 147, 148, 150, 151
James’s prison “merchant” activities and, 132, 133
James’s relationship with, 84, 85, 117, 120, 144
St. Louis tavern opened by, 204–5, 209
work record of, 155n
Ray, Lucille Maher “Ceal” (mother), 77, 79–82, 84–87, 90, 92, 99, 102, 103, 105, 106, 110, 118, 119, 120, 154
death of, 129
depression of, 84
disintegration of life of, 103, 108–9
Ray, Mabel (aunt), 79n, 96, 102
Ray, Marjorie (sister), 79–80, 84, 89
Ray, Melba (sister), 84, 85, 96, 102, 108, 118
Ray, Ned (great-grandfather), 77
Rayns, John Larry (Ray alias), 144, 148–49, 156, 159n, 167, 168, 170, 172, 175, 196
Reboul, MacMurray, Hewitt, Maynard & Kristol, 301
Reeves, Bertie, 26
Regazzi, Naomi, 205
Reid, John, 261–62
Rexall (Whitehaven, Tenn.), 228
Rhodes, Sharon, 204
Rhodesia:
Ray’s admiration for, 135
Ray’s interest in immigrating to, 44, 46, 188–89, 207–8, 210, 240, 247
Rhodesian Commentary, 210
Richardson, James, 134
Rife, Walter, 87–88, 103n, 110–16, 145
aliases used by, 114n
FBI investigation and, 114n, 115n
incarceration of, 115–16
in post office burglary, 112, 114–15
Riggins, Harold, 110
Riley, Earl, 125
Riley, Mrs. John, 38
Rio, Ramon del, 183
Rivermont Holiday Inn (Memphis), 7n, 10, 10n–11n
Roberts, George “Boob,” 91
Roberts, Mike, 324
Rocha Fama, Antonio, 247
Rochon, Reynard, 297
Rockwell, George Lincoln, 54n
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 86–87, 91
Rose, Orlan Eugene, 134
Rosenson, Randolph Erwin, 190–92, 242, 296, 297
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), 43–44, 156n, 241n, 245n
Keating’s interview with, 165n
Ruby, Jack, 56, 303, 304, 305, 306, 320n
Rustin, Bayard, 6
Ryan, Richard, 256
S
St. Francis Hotel-Apartments (Los Angeles), 209–10
St. Louis:
migration of Ray family to, 118–19
James Earl Ray’s robbery spree in, 120–26
James Earl Ray’s stays in, 119, 120–26
John Ray’s tavern in, 204–5, 209
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 61n, 205n
St. Louis Rescue Mission, 121
Saltman, Jack:
HBO-Thames mock trial and, 271, 273–74
Jowers confession and, 275–76, 277, 279n, 281, 283, 284, 289
Raoul story and, 292, 294–300, 302, 303, 304, 306
Sanders, Jim, 278
Sandhu, Anna, 260n–61n
San Francisco hotel (Acapulco), 183
Sartor, William, 285n
Sausa Riseiro, Gloria, 247
Sawyer, Forrest, 315–18
Schreiber, Richard, 126
Schwerner, Michael, 50
SCLC, see Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Scripps-Howard, 245
Seabrook Wallpaper Company (Memphis), 27–28, 282–83, 327
Seafarer’s International Union, 294
Second Baptist Church (Los Angeles), 217
Seibels, George, Jr., 179
Self-Hypnotism: The Technique and Its Use in Daily Living (LeCron), 209
Selma, Ray’s activities in, 219–20
see also Congress, U.S.
Sheffler, Phil, 302n
Shelby County Probate Court, 234
Shelton, Robert, 50n
Simmons, Johnny:
Jowers confession and, 280, 282–83, 284, 289
Sims, Harold, 318
Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, 257, 258, 267, 268
60 Minutes, 302
Slechta, Mary, 234
Smith, Don, 19
Smith, Ian, 208
Smith, Julian, 10
Sneyd, Ramon George (Ray alias), 43–53, 241–48
Canadian birth certificate and passport obtained for, 241–43, 245–48
Sneyd, Ramon George (real person), 43, 241
Soares, Gentil, 247
Social Security Administration, 212n
South Africa, 207
Ray’s interest in immigrating to, 240, 243, 245, 247
South African Airways (SAA), 247
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 6, 24, 40, 220
Memphis sanitation strike and, 15–16, 17, 224, 225, 228, 289–90
supposed internecine rivalries within, 43
Spain, Walter, 178
Spates, Alta, 283
Spates, Betty, 276, 277, 279, 281–85
Spates, Bobbie, 276, 282, 283, 284–85
Special Forces Association, 310
Special Operations, 311–12, 314
Spica, John Paul, 138, 139, 143, 205
Sportsman Country Club, 149, 151, 154
Sprague, Richard, 259–60
Starlite Café (Birmingham), 174, 175, 220n
Stein, Charlie, 190, 191, 198–99, 200–202, 203n, 206, 209, 297
Stein, Rita, 198, 199, 200, 206, 209
Stephens, Charlie, 26, 28, 33, 64n, 232–33, 234, 279, 288, 326, 328
Stokes, Louis, 226, 232, 237, 260, 264
Stone, Oliver, 269n, 307, 317, 318
Stoner, J.B., 48, 53, 62, 170n, 254–56
King assassination applauded by, 254, 255n
Stoner Anti-Jewish Party, 254
“Story of James Earl Ray and the Conspiracy to Kill Martin Luther King, The” (Huie), 58–59, 61
Strange Case of James Earl Ray, The (Blair), 253
Strayhorn, Lee, 98
Sullivan, William, 259
Sultan Room (Los Angeles), 197–98, 199, 201n, 210
Summers, Harry, 315
Sun (Toronto), 159n
Superior Bulk Film Company (Chicago), 173–74, 176–79, 179n–80n, 238n
Supreme Court, U.S., 140, 258, 259, 268
Sutherland, Ian, 311
Sutherland, John, 138, 139, 204, 205, 264
Sweeney, Charles, 43
Swenson, Harold, 141
Szpakowska, Feliksa, 239–40, 241–42, 244
T
Tadaro, Dominic, 110
Tennessee Board of Parole, 264–65
Tennessee Bureau of Criminal Identification, 260
Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, 265, 280
Tennessee Bureau of Prisons, 256
Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals, 256–57
Tennessee Department of Corrections, 265, 323
Tennessee State Court of Appeals, 257
Tennessee Supreme Court, 256–57
Tennessee Waltz (Ray), 92n, 95n, 99, 100n, 103n, 106n, 120, 121n, 134, 141n, 178n
Thames Televison, see HBO-Thames mock trial
Thomas, Anna, 250
Thompson, Allan O., 210n
Thompson, Herman A., 175n
Thompson, Kenneth, 45–47
Thompson, Russell, 278n
Three Lives for Mississippi (Huie), 49–50
Thunderbolt, The, 254
Tiffany Enterprises, 211n
Till, Emmett, 50
Time, 258n
Tip Top Tailors (Montreal), 161
Tomaso, Marie (Marie Martin), 197–201, 209, 212n, 217, 219
Tompkins, Steve, 308 314, 316, 317n, 318
Tonight Show, The, 42
Toronto:
annotated map of, 241n
Ray’s postassassination odyssey in. 239–46
Town and Country Motel (Ottawa), 166
Travelodge Motel (Birmingham), 223
True, 183
Trustee Savings Bank (London), 249
Turner, William, 133, 135, 257
20th Special Forces Group, 308–19
20,000 Words, 58, 91, 161n, 163n, 216n, 218n, 230n, 240n
two-Mustangs theory, 172n–73n
two-Rays theory, 254
Union Carbide, 156
United Klans of America (UKA), 50n
U.S. News & World Report, 188
V
Valenti, Johnny, 136
Valenti and Mirabal, 305
Valentine, Douglas, 317n
Vance, Harold, 26
Venson, Clyde, 279n
Veterans Administration, 97
Vietnam War, 266n
Vinson, Fred, Jr., 49
von Koss, Xavier, 208–9
W
Wade, David, 301
Wade, Kenneth Lee, 132–33
Walden, Grace, 232–35, 267, 326
Walker, Dock, Jr., 265
Walker, Herbert, 71n
Wallace, George, 39, 66, 202, 216, 255, 259, 287
James Earl Ray’s California cover and, 194
James Earl Ray’s expectation of pardon from, 169
James Earl Ray’s support for, 166, 200, 215
John Ray’s support for, 205
Walters (Ray alias), 245
Warren (code name), 309–13, 316n, 317
Washington, D.C.:
Poor People’s march on (1968), 6, 11, 15–16, 195
riot in (1968), 37n
Weisberg, Harold, 77n, 93n, 111n, 114n, 172n–73n, 220n, 225n, 233n, 238n, 254, 258, 269, 279
Wellford, Harry, 258n
Wenneker, Merle, 83n
Western State Mental Hospital (Bolivar, Tenn.), 234
Westmoreland, William C., 150
White, Carl, 140
White Knights of the Mississippi Ku Klux Klan, 137
Whitlock, Nathan, 289n
Who Killed Martin Luther King, Jr.? (Ray), 92n, 100n, 103n, 115, 120, 121n, 174n, 262
factual inaccuracies in, 78n, 129n, 141n
Wicklander, Douglas, 261–62, 263n
Wicks, Alistair, 248, 249, 250n
Wilkie, Wendell, 86
Wilkins, Roy, 6
Wilkinson, Fred, 131n
Willard, John (Ray alias), 25–28, 33–34, 38, 224, 228, 228n–29n, 230, 241n
Willard, John (real), 43n, 229, 241n
Wilier, Mr. (fictitious employer), 209
Williams, William, 257
Wilson, George, 50n
Wilson, Thomas, 233–34, 235–36
Wolf, James, 154n
Wood, Donald, 12, 13–14, 39, 51
Wright, James Alexander, 279n
Wynineger, James, 121
Wynn, William, 265
Y
Yarborough, William, 309–10, 312, 313
Yelapa, Mexico, Ray’s trips to, 188
York Arms Company (Memphis), 27, 326
Young, Andrew, 16
King assassination and, 30, 31n, 32n, 308 311
Memphis sanitation strike and, 6, 11, 15, 16, 23–24
Young, Whitney, 6
Youngblood, Walter “Jack,” 278
Z
Zumwalt, Elmo, 315