1. Diplomas, pp. 186–208.
2. Æthelstan credits Ælfthryth in his will (S 1503) with having raised him (me affede).
3. For Ælfgar, see S 861 and 918; for Æthelsige, see S 864 and 893. Diplomas, pp. 182–5; Attestations, Table LXIII.
4. S 893. See comments in Williams, pp. 26–7.
5. S 876. See Roach, Æthelred the Unready, pp. 136–52.
6. Diplomas, p. 177.
7. Abingdon: S 876 and 937; Old Minster, Winchester: S 891; Rochester: S 885 and 893.
8. The translation is by Catherine Cubitt in her ‘The Politics of Remorse: Penance and Royal Piety in the Reign of Æthelred the Unready’, Historical Research, 85 (2012), p. 182, n. 20.
9. Ibid., p. 191.
10. Levi Roach, ‘Penitential Discourse in the Diplomas of King Æthelred “the Unready” ’, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 64 (2013), pp. 258–76; Roach, Æthelred the Unready, pp. 136–52.
11. S 876 and 937.
12. The Junius and Beowulf manuscripts, and perhaps the Vercelli Book, can be dated to Æthelred’s reign.
13. See M. Lapidge’s introduction in Life of St Oswald, pp. xv–lxiv.
14. The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church: The First Part, Containing the Sermones Catholici or the Homilies of Ælfric, 2 vols, ed. and trans. Benjamin Thorpe (1844; reprinted Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), I, pp. 3–8.
15. Mary Clayton, ‘Ælfric and Æthelred’, in Essays on Anglo-Saxon and Related Themes in Memory of Lynne Grundy, ed. J. Roberts and J. Nelson (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2000), pp. 65–88.
16. Making of English Law, pp. 451–4; Political Writings, pp. 40–41.
17. The Institutes of Polity, chs 3–5, in Political Writings, pp. 105–8.
18. M. K. Lawson, ‘Archbishop Wulfstan and the Homiletic Element in the Law Codes of Æthelred II and Cnut’, EHR, 107 (1992), pp. 565–86; Making of English Law, pp. 449–65.
19. S 899. See Roach, Æthelred the Unready, pp. 172–3.
20. See, for example, the preface to IV Edgar.
21. Clayton, ‘Ælfric and Æthelred’, p. 81.
22. Pseudo-Cyprianus, De XII Abusivis Saeculi, ed. S. Hellmann, in Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur, Reihe 3, Band 4, Heft 1 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1909), p. 52.
23. Translated in Clayton, ‘Ælfric and Æthelred’, p. 80, n. 47.
24. See Mary Clayton, ‘De Duodecim Abusiuis, Lordship and Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England’, in S. McWilliams (ed.), Saints and Scholars: New Perspectives on Anglo-Saxon Literature and Culture (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2012), pp. 141–63.
25. Councils and Synods with Other Documents Relating to the English Church: A.D. 871–1204, vol. 1, ed. D. Whitelock, M. Brett and C. Brooke (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981), pp. 224–6; quoted in Keynes, ‘An Abbot’, p. 171.
26. Keynes, ‘An Abbot’, pp. 179–89.