Index

action potentials here, here

adenoids here

adrenaline/adrenal glands here, here

adrenocorticotropic hormone here

alcohol here, here, here, here, here

allergic reactions here, here, here, here

see also food and drink

allyl isothiocyanate here

amygdala here, here, here

aneurysms here, here

animal testing here

anterior cerebral artery here

anti-anxiety medication here

anti-coagulants here

anti-inflammatory foods here

antibiotics here, here, here

antibodies here, here, here

antihistamines here, here

appetite changes and migraines here

arthritis here, here, here

aspirin here, here, here

asthma here, here, here, here

attention in pain, role of here

auras and brain function here, here, here, here

autonomic nervous system here, here, here, here, here

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) here

axon hillocks here, here

bacteria here, here, here, here, here, here, here

beta-blockers here, here

bleeding on the brain here

blood flow here, here, here, here, here, here, here

blood pressure here, here, here

blood vessels here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

brain anatomy and physiology, human here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

breathing techniques here

caffeine here, here, here, here

calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) here, here, here, here

candidate genes here, here

capsaicin here, here

cerebellum here

cerebral cortex here

cerebrovascular system here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

chlorine here

chocolate here, here, here, here, here, here

chromosomes here, here, here

chronic cluster headaches here

chronotherapy here

cilia here, here, here, here, here

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium here, here

classical conditioning here

cluster headaches here, here, here

alcohol here

causes here

genetics here

histamine here, here

hypothalamic dysfunction here

reaction to light here, here

smoking here

and testosterone here

treating here, here, here

what are the symptoms? here

what are they? here

coccobacillary here

codeine here

Coeliac disease here

cold-stimulus headaches here

cold viruses here

Computerized Tomography (CT) scans here

congestion here, here, here, here, here

cortical spreading depressions here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

cortico-steroids here

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) here

cortisol here, here, here

cravings and migraines, food here

CY2PD6 here

decongestants here

deep brain stimulation here

dehydration here, here, here, here, here, here

depression here, here, here, here

diabetes and migraines here, here

diaries, symptoms here, here

DNA here, here, here

Dolly the sheep here

dopamine here, here, here, here, here, here, here

dust mites here

emotional responses here, here, here, here, here

see also stress; tension headaches

empathy and paracetamol here

endocrine system here, here, here

endometriosis here

endorphins here, here, here, here, here, here

epilepsy here, here, here

epithelial cells here, here, here, here

Erenumab here, here

ergotamine here, here

ethanol here, here

ethmoid sinuses here, here, here, here

excitation, waves of here, here, here

eye strain here, here, here, here

facial bones here

flavonoids here

food and drink

allergies and sinusitis here

anti-inflammatory properties here

cortisol and appetite here

historical migraine theory here

‘ice-cream’ headaches/brain freeze here

and migraines here, here, here, here

and Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) here

tension headaches here, here, here

frontal cortex here, here, here

frontal lobe here, here, here, here, here

frontal sinusitis here, here

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) here, here

gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) here, here

genetics here

and cluster headaches here

and migraines here, here, here

genome-wide association studies (GWAS) here

gliadin here

glial cells here

glucose here, here, here

gluten here

Gram-negative bacteria here, here, here, here

Gram-positive bacteria here, here, here

GTN (glycerol trinitrate) spray here, here

Haemophilus influenzae here, here

haemorrhages here

hangovers here

hay fever here, here, here

HCRTR2 here

headaches introduction here

see also cluster headaches; cold-stimulus headaches; sinusitis; migraines; tension headaches

heart function here, here, here

hemiplegic migraines here, here

hippocampus here

histamine here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

hormonal imbalance and sinusitis here

hormones here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

see also adrenaline; prostaglandins; serotonin

Horton, Bayard here, here, here, here, here

humours here

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) here, here, here, here

hypothalamus here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

hypovolemia here

ibuprofen here, here, here, here

‘ice cream’ headaches here

IgA and IgG antibodies here

immersion therapy here

immune system/responses here, here, here, here, here, here, here

immunoglobulins here, here

inflammation here, here, here

cluster headaches here

migraines here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

sinusitis here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

tension headaches here, here, here

insular cortex here

ion balance and nerve cells here, here, here, here, here

see also action potentials

ischemia here, here

lactose here, here

lateral frontal lobe here

leptin here

light

and cluster headaches here, here

and migraines here, here

therapy here

lithium here

lysozymes here

magnetoencephalography (MEG) here, here, here

mast cells here, here

maxillary sinusitis here, here, here

medication for tension headaches here, here

see also painkillers

meditation here

melatonin here, here, here

meninges here, here, here

menstrual migraines here

menthol here, here

migraines here, here, here, here, here, here

action potentials here, here

auras and brain function here, here, here, here

changes in appetite here, here

and diabetes here, here

and epilepsy here

excitable visual cortex here

food triggers here, here

genetics here, here, here

heart function here

historical explanations here, here

is there a migrainous constitution? here

menstrual here

pain/headache phase here

postdrome phase here

prodrome phase here, here

treatments here, here, here, here, here, here, here

waves of excitation here, here, here

yawning here

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MOIs) here

monoamines here

monosodium glutamate (MSG) here

morphine here

motor cortex here, here

mouthwash, antibacterial here

movies, watching here

mucus here, here, here, here, here, here

muscle contractions here

myelination here

narcolepsy here

nasal polyps here

nasal wash here

neurochemicals here, here

neurons here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

neuropeptide Y (NPY) here, here

neurotransmitters here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

neutrophils here

nicotine here

nitrates here

nitric oxide (NO) here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

noiciceptors here, here, here

noise and stress responses here

noradrenalin here

ocular migraine here

oestrogen here, here

optic nerve here

oral contraceptives here

orexin/hypocretin here, here, here

oxygen here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

oxytocin here, here

pain gating here

pain threshold here, here, here

painkillers here, here, here, here, here

paracetamol here, here, here, here, here, here

parasympathetic ‘rest-and-digest’ nervous system here, here, here, here

parenting here

parietal cortex here, here

parietal lobe here, here

Parkinson’s disease here, here

patent foramen ovale here

pet dander here, here

petrous temporal bones here

phenols here

phosphenes here, here

photic sneezing here

photophobia here, here

pituitary gland here, here, here

pollen here, here, here

potassium here

see also ion balance and nerve cells

preoptic nucleus here, here

proprioception here

prostaglandins here, here, here, here, here

protein production here, here, here

PST-P here

puberty here, here

pupillary responses here

questionnaires, health here

rapid eye movement sleep (REM) here

referred pain here, here

resilience, stress and here

rhinitis here, here

rhinorrhoea here

rhinovirus here

scans, CT here

scotoma here, here

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) here

selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) here

sensory auras, non-visual here

serotonin here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

sex here, here, here, here, here

sinus anatomy and physiology here, here, here, here

sinusitis

allergies here, here, here, here

bacteria and viruses here, here

cross-diagnosis here, here, here

histamine here, here, here, here, here, here

impact on day-to-day life here

internal causes here

investigating here

irritants here, here

mucus/snot here, here, here, here, here, here

pain in your face here

swimming pools etc here

sneezing here

surgical solutions here

symptoms overview here

treating here

skin hypersensitivity here

sleep here, here, here, here, here, here

smoking here

sneezing here

snot here

see also mucus

SNOT-22 questionnaire here

somatosensation here

somatosensory auras here

somatosensory cortex here, here, here

sphenoid sinuses here, here, here, here

sphenopalatine ganglion here

spicy food here

spinal trigeminal nucleus here

spreading oligaemia here

steroids here

stomach ulcers here

Streptococcus pneumonia here, here, here

stress here, here, here, here, here, here

stress headaches see tension headaches

strokes here, here, here

subarachnoid haemorrhage here

sulphites here

sumatriptan here, here, here, here

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) here, here, here

surfer’s skull here

swimming pools here

sympathetic ‘fight-or-flight’ nervous system here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

symptom diaries here, here

synapses here

temporal cortex here, here

temporal lobe here, here

tension headaches here, here, here

adrenaline as trigger here

autonomic nervous system here

building resilience here

classical conditioning here

cyclical nature of here

dehydration here

emotions here, here, here, here

endocrine system here

food and drink here, here

immersion therapy here

immune response here

medications here, here

meditation here

musculature here, here

nitric oxide (NO) here

posture here, here, here

responding to stress here

testosterone here, here

Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia here

thalamus here, here

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) here, here, here, here

transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) here

trephination here

trigeminal nerve and pathway here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

tryptophan here

tyramine here, here

underactive thyroid here

vagus nerve here

vasoconstrictors here, here, here, here, here, here, here

vasodilation here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here

Verapamil here

viruses here, here, here

visual cortex here, here, here, here, here

vitamin D here

warfarin here

water here

waves of excitation here, here, here

white blood cells here, here, here, here

yawning here

zona incerta here, here