Atatürk’s funeral in Ankara, November 1938
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, British Prime Minister Theresa May and US President Donald Trump participate in a meeting on counter-terrorism during the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Hamburg, Germany
Turkish preacher Fethullah Gülen speaks to members of the media from his home
Russian President Vladimir Putin listens as Erdoğan speaks during a business meeting at the Grand Kremlin Palace
Ahmet Davutoğlu, AKP adviser, foreign minister and prime minister, ousted in a party coup in May 2016
Muharrem İnce, presidential candidate of the Republican People’s Party (CHP), Turkey’s main opposition party
Rebel fighters guarding a Sharia court in Aleppo, Syria, May 2013
Turkish soldiers hold back Syrian Kurds who are trying to cross the border into Kobanî during the Isis attack, September 2014
Kurdish woman in a neighbourhood of Cizre, south-eastern Turkey, destroyed in fighting between the PKK and Turkish security forces, March 2016
Kurds watch Kobanî burn across the Turkey–Syria border, September 2014
An explosion after a US airstrike hits Kobanî, Syria
Cizre with neighbourhoods destroyed in fighting between PKK and Turkish security forces in the foreground, March 2016
Bostancı Street, Cizre, destroyed in the fighting, March 2016
Rebels with the Free Syrian Army announce the formation of their brigade in front of opposition media activists, Idlib province, 2012
A protester in Istanbul walks through tear gas clouds with a gas mask
A man recovers from the water cannons and tear gas used by Turkish police against protesters
Kurds wave a flag of Abdullah Öcalan as they wait for the announcement of a PKK ceasefire in Diyarbakır, March 2013
Demonstrators in Istanbul use slings and improvised barricades against the riot police
Erdoğan supporters celebrate his victory in the presidential elections, June 2018
Erdoğan supporters flock onto Istanbul’s Bosphorus Bridge and attack surrendering soldiers as the coup attempt fails, 15/16 July 2016
Erdoğan cries during the funeral of Erol Olçok, his long-time friend and spin doctor, who was shot dead by coup soldiers on the Bosphorus Bridge
Erdoğan and former president Abdullah Gül carry Erol Olçok’s coffin at his funeral in Istanbul, 17 July 2016
Opposition supporters join CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu’s Justice March from Ankara to Istanbul, July 2017
Kılıçdaroğlu walks from Ankara to Istanbul in protest at the arrest of a party deputy, July 2017
Erdoğan attends the Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk for an anniversary of Victory Day, flanked by former Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım
Post-coup ‘Unity Rally’ in Istanbul’s Yenikapı parade ground, which the government claims draws a 5 million crowd, August 2016
Erdoğan emerges from the voting booth after calling a snap parliamentary and presidential election, 24 June 2018
The pictures of Erdoğan and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk hang side by side in Istanbul