REFERENCES

Abramovay, R. (1994) ‘O mundo desencantado dos assentamentos’, in L. Medeiros, M. V. Barbosa, M. P. Franco, N. Esterci and S. Leite (eds), Assentamentos rurais. Uma visão multidisciplinar, São Paulo: UNESP, pp. 313–20.

Aguirre Rojas, C. (2006) Chiapas, planeta tierra, Mexico: Editorial Contrahistorias.

Ahmad, A. (1996) ‘Postcolonial theory and the “post”-condition’, in L. Panitch (ed.), Socialist Register 1997: Ruthless Criticism of All that Exists, London: Merlin Press, pp. 353–81.

Akram-Lodhi, A. H. and C. Kay (2009) Peasants and Globalization: Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge.

— (2010a) ‘Surveying the agrarian question (Part 1): Unearthing foundations, exploring diversity’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(1): 177–202.

— (2010b) ‘Surveying the agrarian question (Part 2): Current debates and beyond’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(2): 255–84.

Akram-Lodhi, A. H., C. Kay and S. Borras, Jr (2009) ‘The political economy of land and the agrarian question in an era of neoliberal globalization’, in A. H. Akram-Lodhi and C. Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization: Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge, pp. 214–38.

Akram-Lodhi, A. H., S. Borras, Jr, C. Kay and T. McKinley (2007) ‘Neoliberal globalisation, land and poverty. Implications for public action’, in A. H. Akram-Lodhi, S. Borras, Jr, and C. Kay (eds), Land, Poverty and Livelihoods in an Era of Globalization, London: Routledge, pp. 383–98.

Albo, G. (2006) ‘The limits of eco-localism: scale, strategy and socialism’, in L. Panitch and C. Leys (eds), Socialist Register 2007. Coming to Terms with Nature, London: Merlin Press, pp. 337–63.

Almeida, L. F. de and F. Ruiz Sánchez (2000) ‘The Landless Workers’ Movement and social struggle against neoliberalism’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 114, 27(5): 11–32.

Almeyra, G. (2006) ‘El dialogo nacional y la Otra Campaña’, La Jornada, 12 February.

Altieri, M. and V. M. Toledo (2011) ‘The agroecological revolution in Latin America: rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(3): 587–612.

Alvarez, S. and A. Escobar (1992) ‘Introduction: Theory and protest in Latin America today’, in S. Alvarez and A. Escobar (eds), The Making of Social Movements in Latin America. Identity, Strategy and Democracy, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 1–15.

Alvarez, S., E. Dagnino and A. Escobar (1998) ‘Introduction: The cultural and the political in Latin American social movements’, in S. Alvarez, E. Dagnino and A. Escobar (eds), Cultures of Politics, Politics of Cultures. Re-visioning Latin American Social Movements, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 1–29.

Amaral, M. (2003) ‘A proposta do MST’, Caros Amigos, 18 September, pp. 4–6.

Andolina, R. (2003) ‘The sovereign and its shadow: constituent assembly and indigenous movement in Ecuador’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 35: 721–50.

Anguiano, A. (1997) Entre el pasado y el futuro. La izquierda en México, 1969–1995, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco.

Antunes, R. (2012) ‘Trade unions, social conflict, and the political left in present-day Brazil: between breach and compromise’, in J. Webber and B. Carr (eds), The New Latin American Left. Cracks in the Empire, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 255–75.

Araghi, F. (2009) ‘The invisible hand and the visible foot: peasant, dispossession and globalization’, in A. H. Akram-Lodhi and C. Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization: Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge, pp. 111–47.

Arruda, R. (2011) ‘INCRA infla números de reforma agrária’, www.estadao.com.br/noticias/nacional,incra-infla-numeros-de-reforma-agraria,685346,0.htm.

Ascencio Cedillo, E. (1996) El proceso de ganaderización en Ocosingo, 1950–1991, Tesis de Licenciatura en Sociología, Universidad de Guadalajara-Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Guadalajara.

Ascencio Franco, G. (1995) ‘Milpa y ganadería en Ocosingo’, in J. P. Viqueira Juan and Mario Humberto Ruz (eds), Chiapas: los rumbos de otra historia, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Mayas del Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas y Coordinación de Humanidades-UNAM, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos, Universidad de Guadalajara, pp. 363–73.

Assies, W. (2000) ‘Land, territories, and indigenous peoples’ rights’, in A. Zoomers and G. van der Haar (eds), Current Land Policy in Latin America: Regulating Land Tenure under Neoliberalism, Amsterdam: KIT Publishers, pp. 93–109.

Baierle, S. (2005) ‘Lula’s swamp’, Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies, 11(2): 109–16.

Barkin, D. (2001) ‘Neoliberalism and sustainable popular development’, in H. Veltmeyer and A. O’Malley (eds), Transcending Neoliberalism: Community-based Development in Latin America, Bloomfield, NJ: Kumarian Press, pp. 184–204.

— (2002) ‘The reconstruction of a modern Mexican peasantry’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 30(1): 73–90.

Barmeyer, N. (2003) ‘The guerrilla movement as a project. An assessment of community involvement in the EZLN’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 128, 30(1): 122–38.

— (2009) Developing Zapatista Autonomy: Conflict and NGO Involvement in Rebel Chiapas, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Barros Nock, M. (2000) ‘The Mexican peasantry and the ejido in the neo-liberal period’, in D. F. Bryceson, C. Kay and J. Mooij (eds), Disappearing Peasantries? Rural Labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America, London: Intermediate Technology Publications, pp. 159–75.

Bartra, A. (1982) El comportamiento económico de la producción campesina, Texcoco: Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo.

— (2003) ‘El campo no aguanta más, a báscula’, La Jornada, 23 April.

— (2006) El capital en su laberinto. De la renta de la tierra a la renta de la vida, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México/Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Rural Sustentable y la Soberanía Alimentaria/Itaca.

Bartra, A. and G. Otero (2005) ‘Indian peasant movement in Mexico: the struggle for land, autonomy and democracy’, in S. Moyo and P. Yeros (eds), Reclaiming the Land. The Resurgence of Rural Movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America, London: Zed Books, pp. 383–410.

Belik, W. and L. F. Paulillo (2001) ‘O financiamento da produção agrícola brasileira na década de 90: ajustamento e seletividade’, in S. Leite (ed.), Políticas públicas e agricultura no Brasil, Porto Alegre: Editorial da Universidade/UFRGS, pp. 95–120.

Benjamin, T. (1996) A Rich Land, a Poor People. Politics and Society in Modern Chiapas, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Bergamasco, S. M. P. P. (1994) ‘Assentamentos rurais: reorganização do espaço productivo e processos de socialização’, in L. Medeiros, M. V. Barbosa, M. P. Franco, N. Esterci and S. Leite (eds), Assentamentos rurais. Uma visão multidisciplinar, São Paulo: UNESP, pp. 225–35.

Bergamasco, S. M. P. P. and L. A. Cabello Norder (1999) ‘Os impactos regionais dos assentamentos rurais em São Paulo (1960–1997)’, in L. S. de Medereiros and S. Leite (eds), A Formação dos assentamentos rurais no Brasil. Processos sociais e políticas públicas, Porto Alegre: Editora da Universidade UFRRJ, pp. 69–115.

Berger, M. T. (2001) ‘Romancing the Zapatistas. International intellectuals and the Chiapas rebellion’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 117, 28(2): 149–70.

Bernstein, H. (1994) ‘Agrarian classes in capitalist development’, in L. Skair (ed.), Capitalism and Development, London: Routledge, pp. 40–71.

— (2000) ‘The “peasantry” in global capitalism: who, where and why?’, in Socialist Register 2001. Working Classes, Global Realities, London: Merlin Press, pp. 25–51.

— (2004) ‘“Changing before our very own eyes”: agrarian questions and the politics of land in capitalism today’, Journal of Agrarian Change, 4(1/2): 190–225.

— (2006) ‘Once were/still are peasants? Farming in a globalising “South”’, New Political Economy, 11(3): 399–406.

— (2009) ‘Agrarian questions from transition to globalization’, in A. H. Akram-Lodhi and C. Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization: Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge, pp. 239–61.

Betto, F. (2005) Brasil: Rumo à terra prometida, www.alia2.net/article5182.html.

Bittencourt, G. A., D. S. B. Castilhos, V. Bianchini, H. B. C. da Silva (1999) Principais fatores que afetam o desenvolvimento dos assentamentos de reforma agrária no Brasil, Projeto de Cooperação Técnica INCRA/FAO, São Paulo: INCRA/FAO.

Bobrow-Strain, A. (2007) Intimate Enemies. Landowners, Power, and Violence in Chiapas, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Bonfil Batalla, G. (1994) México Profundo. Una civilización negada, Mexico: Grijalbo.

Boron, A. (2012) ‘Strategy and tactics in popular struggles in Latin America’, in L. Panitch, G. Albo and V. Chibber (eds), Socialist Register 2013: The Question of Strategy, London: Merlin Press, pp. 241–54.

Borras, S. M. (2003) ‘Questioning market-led agrarian reform: experiences from Brazil, Colombia and South Africa’, Journal of Agrarian Change, 3(3): 367–94.

Branford, S. and J. Rocha (2002) Cutting the Wire: The Story of the Landless Movement in Brazil, London: Latin American Bureau.

Brenneisen, E. C. (1997) Relações de poder, dominação e resistência. O MST e os assentamentos rurais, Cascavel: Edunioeste.

Brenner, R. (1977) ‘The origin of capitalist development: a critique of neo-Smithian Marxism’, New Left Review, 104: 25–92.

— (1985) ‘The agrarian roots of European capitalism’, in T. H. Aston and C. H. E. Philpin (eds), The Brenner Debate. Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Preindustrial Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 213–327.

Bruhn, K. (1999) ‘Antonio Gramsci and the Palabra Verdadera: the political discourse of Mexico’s guerrilla forces’, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 41(12): 29–47.

Bryceson, D. F. (2000a) ‘Peasant theories and smallholder policies: past and present’, in D. F. Bryceson, C. Kay and J. Mooij (eds), Disappearing Peasantries? Rural Labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America, London: Intermediate Technology Publications, pp. 1–36.

— (2000b) ‘Disappearing peasantries? Rural labour redundancy in the neo-liberal era and beyond’, in D. F. Bryceson, C. Kay and J. Mooij (eds), Disappearing Peasantries? Rural Labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America, London: Intermediate Technology Publications, pp. 299–326.

Buainaim, A. M., A. Romeiro and C. Guanziroli (2003) ‘Agricultura familiar e o novo mundo rural’, Sociologias, 5(10): 312–47.

Burbach, R. (1994) ‘Roots of the postmodern rebellion in Chiapas’, New Left Review, 205, May/June, pp. 113–24.

Burguete Cal y Mayor, A. (1998a) ‘Chiapas: Autonomías indígenas. La construcción de los sujetos autonómicos’, Quórum, VII(60): 117–59.

— (1998b) ‘Poder local y autonomía indígena en Chiapas: rebeliones comunitarias y luchas municipalistas’, in M. E. Reyes Ramos, R. Moguel Viveros and G. van der Haar (eds), Espacios disputados: transformaciones rurales en Chiapas, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Colegio de la Frontera Sur, pp. 239–76.

— (1999) ‘Empoderamiento indígena, tendencias autonómicas en la región Altos de Chiapas’, in A. Burguete Cal y Mayor (ed.), México: experiencias de autonomía indígena, Copenhagen: Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Asuntos Indígenas, pp. 282–300.

— (2003) ‘The Facto autonomous process. New jurisdictions and parallel governments in rebellion’, in J. Rus, S. Mattiace and R. A. Hernández Castillo (eds), Mayan Lives, Mayan Utopias: The Indigenous Peoples of Chiapas and the Zapatista Rebellion, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 191–218.

Burns, B. (1980) The Poverty of Progress. Latin America in the Nineteenth Century, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Byres, T. (1996) Capitalism from Above and Capitalism from Below: An Essay in Comparative Political Economy, London: Macmillan.

— (2009) ‘The landlord class, peasant differentiation, class struggle and the transition to capitalism: England, France, and Prussia compared’, in A. H. Akram-Lodhi and C. Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization: Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge, pp. 57–82.

Cadji, A.-L. (2000) ‘Brazil’s landless find their voice’, NACLA Report on the Americas, 33(5): 30–5.

Calderón, F., A. Piscitelli and J. L. Reyna (1992) ‘Social movements: actors, theories, expectations’, in S. Alvarez and A. Escobar (eds), The Making of Social Movements in Latin America. Identity, Strategy and Democracy, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 19–36.

Calva, J. L. (1999) ‘Funciones de la agricultura en el futuro de la economía mexicana’, in H. Muñoz García and R. Rodríguez (eds), La sociedad mexicana frente al tercer milenio, Mexico: UNAM-Miguel Porrúa.

Camacho, D. and A. Lomelí (2004) ‘El ascenso de la violencia en Zinacatan’, Ojarasca, La Jornada, 24 April, pp. 3–4.

Caramante, A. and D. Carvalho (2013) ‘Dilma é a que menos desapropia desde Collor’, Folha de São Paulo, 6 January, www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/1210631-dilma-e-a-que-menos-desapropria-desde-collor.shtml.

Cardim, S. E. de C. S, P. de T. L. Vieira and J. L. R. Viégas (1998) Análise da Estructura Fundiaria Brasileira, Brasilia: INCRA, www.incra.gv.br/_htm/serveinf/_htm/pubs/pubs.htm.

Cardoso, C. F. S. and H. Pérez Brignoli (1987) Historia económica de América Latina, vol. 2: Economías de exportación y desarrollo capitalista, Barcelona: Editorial Crítica.

Carmen, R. (1996) Autonomous Development. Humanizing the Landscape. An Excursion into Radical Thinking and Practice, London: Zed Books.

Carr, B. (1996) La izquierda mexicana a través del siglo XX, Mexico: Ediciones Era.

Carvalho, H. M. de (2002) ‘A emancipação do movimento no movimento de emancipação social continuada’, in Boaventura de Souza Santos (ed.), Produzir para Viver: os caminhos da produção não capitalista, Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, pp. 233–55.

— (2003) Luta na terra, um desafio constante ao MST, Mimeo.

Chayanov, A. V. (1966) The Theory of Peasant Economy, Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.

CIACH, CONPAZ and SIPRO (1997) Para entender Chiapas. Chiapas en cifras, Mexico: CIACH, CONPAZ, SIPRO.

Cockcroft, J. D. (1983) Mexico. Class Formation, Capital Accumulation and the State, New York: Monthly Review Press.

Coletti, C. (1998) A estrutura sindical no campo: a propósito da organização dos assalariados rurais na região de Ribeirão Preto, Campinas: Editora da UNICAMP.

— (2005) ‘A trajetória política do MST: da crise da ditadura ao período neoliberal’, Doctoral thesis, Campinas: UNICAMP.

— (2006a) ‘Neoliberalismo e burguesia agrária no Brasil’, Revista Lutas y Resistências, 1: 131–45.

— (2006b) ‘O MST e os limites da luta pela terra no Brasil’, in II Simpósio Estadual Lutas Sociais na América Latina. Crise das democracias latino-americanas: dilemas e contradições, CD-ROM, Londrina.

Collier, G. A. with E. Lowery Quaratiello (1994) Basta! Land and the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas, Oakland, CA: Institute for Food and Development Policy.

Comparato, B. K. (2000) A Ação Política do MST, São Paulo: Editora Expressão Popular.

CONCRAB (1998) ‘A emancipação dos assentamentos. Os dereitos e os cuidados que os assentados devem ter’, Caderno de Cooperação Agrícola, 6, São Paulo: CONCRAB.

CONEVAL (2012) Informe de pobreza y evaluación en el estado de Chiapas 2012, Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social, www.coneval.gob.mx/coordinacion/entidades/Documents/Veracruz/principal/30informe2012.pdf.

CPT (2012) ‘Comparação dos conflitos no campo (2003–2012)’, Goiânia: Comissão Pastora da Terra (CPT), www.cptnacional.org.br/index.php/component/jdownloads/finish/48-dados-2012/319-tabela-comparacao-dos-conflitos-no-campo-2003-2012?Itemid=23.

Craske, N. (1999) Women and Politics in Latin America, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.

Cutbitt, T. and H. Greenslade (1997) ‘Public and private spheres: the end of dichotomy’, in E. Dore (ed.), Gender Politics in Latin America. Debates in Theory and Practice, New York: Monthly Review Press, pp. 52–64.

Dagnino, E. (1998) ‘Culture, citizenship, and democracy: changing discourses and practices of the Latin American left’, in S. Alvarez, E. Dagnino and A. Escobar, Cultures of Politics, Politics of Cultures. Re-visioning Latin American Social Movements, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 33–63.

De Grammont, H. C. and H. Mackinley (2009) ‘Campesino and indigenous social organizations facing democratic transition in Mexico, 1938–2006’, Latin American Perspectives, 36(4): 21–40.

De Janvry, A. (1981) The Agrarian Question and Reformism in Latin America, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

De Janvry, A., E. Sadoulet and L. Wilcox (1989) ‘Land and labour in Latin American agriculture from the 1950s to the 1980s’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 16(3): 396–424.

De la Peña, S. (1975) La Formación del capitalismo en México, Mexico: Siglo XXI Editores.

De Soto, H. (2000) The Mystery of Capital. Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, New York: Basic Books.

De Vos, J. (1995) ‘Una legislación de graves consecuencias. El acaparamiento de tierras baldías en México, con el pretexto de colonización, 1821–1910’, in M. Menegus Bornemann (ed.), Problemas agrarios y propiedad en México, siglos XVII y XIX, Mexico: Colegio de México, pp. 227–64.

Delgado, N. G. (2001) ‘Política econômica, ajuste externo e agricultura’, in S. Leite (ed.), Políticas públicas e agricultura no Brasil, Porto Alegre: Editorial da Universidade/UFRGS, pp. 15–52.

Dias, G. L. da S. and C. Moitinho Amaral (2002) ‘Structural change in Brazilian agriculture, 1980–98’, in R. Baumann (ed.), Brazil in the 1990’s. An Economy in Transition, New York: Palgrave, pp. 204–32.

Díaz-Polanco, H. (2004) ‘Reconocimiento y redistribución’, in R. A. Hernández, S. Paz and M. T. Sierra (eds), El Estado y los indígenas en tiempos del PAN: neoindigenismo, legalidad e identidad, Mexico: CIESAS-Miguel Angel Porrúa, pp. 333–56.

Dinerstein, A. (2002) ‘The Battle of Buenos Aires: crisis, insurrection and the reinvention of politics in Argentina’, Historical Materialism, 10(4): 5–38.

Earle, D. and J. Simonelli (2005) Uprising of Hope. Sharing the Zapatista Journey to Alternative Development, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Eber, C. and C. Kovic (2003) ‘Introduction’, in C. Eber and C. Kovic (eds), Women of Chiapas. Making History in Times of Struggle and Hope, New York: Routledge, pp. 1–36.

Eckstein, S. (2001 [1989]) ‘Power and popular protest in Latin America’, in S. Eckstein (ed.), Power and Popular Protest. Latin American Social Movements, Berkeley: California University Press, pp. 1–60.

Escobar, A. (1992) ‘Culture, economics, and politics in Latin American social movements: theory and research’, in S. Alvarez and A. Escobar (eds), The Making of Social Movements in Latin America. Identity, Strategy and Democracy, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 62–85.

— (1995) ‘Imagining a post-development era’, in J. Crush (ed.), The Power of Development, London: Routledge, pp. 211–27.

Esteva, G. (2001) ‘The meaning and scope of the struggle for autonomy’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 117, 28(2): pp. 120–48.

Esteva, G. and M. S. Prakash (1999) Grassroots Post-modernism: Remaking the Soil of Cultures, London: Zed Books.

EZLN (1994a) ‘Declaración de la Selva Lacandona’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 1, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 33–5.

— (1994b) ‘Otras formas de lucha, 25 de enero’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 1, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 102–6.

— (1994c) ‘Informe de Marcos, 23 de febrero’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 1, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 163–8.

— (1994d) ‘Discurso del Subcomandante Marcos durante la visita del candidato presidencial del PRD, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, 17 de Mayo’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 1, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 235–9.

— (1994e) ‘Segunda Declaración de la Selva Lacandona’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 1, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 269–78.

— (1994f) ‘Por qué se requiere otra Constitución y un gobierno de transición’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 1, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 295–300.

— (1995a) ‘La larga travesía del dolor a la esperanza’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 2, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 49–80.

— (1995b) ‘A los miembros de la convención, 4 de noviembre’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 2, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 124–6.

— (1995c) ‘A Ernesto Zedillo’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 2, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 140–9.

— (1995d) ‘Tercera Declaración de la Selva Lacandona’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 2, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 187–93.

— (1995e) ‘Propuesta sobre mesas y reglas para el diálogo, 12 de septiembre’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 2, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 445–7.

— (1997a) ‘Communiqué of August 8th, 1997’, La Jornada, 11 August.

— (1997b) ‘El Diálogo de San Andrés y los derechos y cultura indígena. Punto y seguido, 15 de febrero de 1996’, in EZLN, Documentos y Comunicados, vol. 3, Mexico: Editorial Era, pp. 145–56.

— (1998) ‘Quinta Declaración de la Selva Lacandona’, La Jornada (Perfil político), 21 July.

Fernandes, B. M. (2000) A Formação do MST no Brasil, Petrópolis: Vozes.

— (2005) ‘The occupation as a form of access to land in Brazil: a theoretical and methodological contribution’, in S. Moyo and P. Yeros (eds), Reclaiming the Land. The Resurgence of Rural Movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America, London: Zed Books, pp. 311–40.

— (2007) ‘O MST e a reforma agraria no Brasil’, Paper presented at the ‘Encontro de Geógrafos de América Latina’, 26–30 March, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.

— (2008) ‘O MST e as reformas agrárias no Brasil’, OSAL: Observatorio Social de América Latina, 24: 73–85.

Fernandes, B. M., C. A. Welch and E. Constantino Gonçalves (2010) ‘Agrofuel policies in Brazil: paradigmatic and territorial disputes’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(4): 793–819.

Ferrante, V. L. B. (1994) ‘Diretrizes políticas dos mediadores: reflexões de pesquisas’, in L. Medeiros, M. V. Barbosa, M. P. Franco, N. Esterci and S. Leite (eds), Assentamentos rurais. Uma visão multidisciplinar, São Paulo: UNESP, pp. 119–44.

Ferreira, B., F. G. Silveira and R. Coutinho Garcia (2001) ‘A agricultura familiar e o PRONAF: contexto e perspectiva’, in J. G. Gasques and J. C. P. R. da Conceição (eds), Transformações da agricultura e políticas públicas, Brasilia: Instituto de Pesquisa Económica Aplicada (IPEA), pp. 479–539.

Filho, J. J. de C. (2001) ‘Política agrária do governo FHC’, in S. Leite (ed.), Políticas públicas e agricultura no Brasil, Porto Alegre: Editorial da Universidade/UFRGS, pp. 193–223.

Fine, B. (2001) Social Capital versus Social Theory: Political Economy and Social Science at the Turn of the Millennium, London: Routledge.

Foley, M. W. (1995) ‘Privatizing the countryside. The Mexican peasant movement and neoliberal reform’, Latin American Perspectives, 22(1): 59–76.

Forbis, M. (2003) ‘Hacia la autonomía. Zapatista women developing a new world’, in C. Eber and C. Kovic (eds), Women of Chiapas. Making History in Times of Struggle and Hope, New York: Routledge, pp. 231–52.

Foucault, M. (2001) ‘La gouvernementalité’, Dits et Écrits II, 1976–1988, Paris: Éditions Gallimard, pp. 635–57.

Friedmann, H. (1980) ‘Household production and the national economy: concepts for the analysis of agrarian formations’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 7(2): 158–84.

— (1986a) ‘Family enterprises in agriculture: structural limits and political possibilities’, in G. Cox, P. Lowe and M. Winter (eds), Agriculture: People and Policies, London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 41–61.

— (1986b) ‘Patriarchy and property. A Reply to Goodman and Redclift’, Sociologia Ruralis, 27(2): 186–93.

— (1993) ‘The political economy of food: a global crisis’, New Left Review, 197: 29–57.

— (2004) ‘Feeding the empire: the pathologies of globalized agriculture’, in L. Panitch and C. Leys (eds), Socialist Register 2005. The Empire Reloaded, London: Merlin Press, pp. 124–43.

Friedmann, J. (1992) Empowerment. The Politics of Alternative Development, Cambridge: Blackwell.

Furtado, C. (1968) The Economic Growth of Brazil. A Survey from Colonial to Modern Times, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

FZLN (1997) Documentos Básico, Mexico, approved in the founding congress in Mexico City, 13–16 September, mimeo.

Galdino, M. (2005) ‘The return of radicalism to the countryside: the Landless Movement’, in M. Duquette, M. Galdino, C. Levy, B. Marques-Pereira and F. Raes, Collective Action and Radicalism in Brazil. Women, Urban Housing, and Rural Movements, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 130–55.

Gallegos, E. (1998) ‘La renuncia del gobierno a la vía militar, condición para el diálogo’, La Jornada, 11 November, pp. 6–7.

García de León, A. (1997) Resistancia y Utopía. Memorial de agravios y crónica de revueltas y profecías acaecidas en la provincia de Chiapas durante los últimos quinientos años de su historia, Mexico: Ediciones Era.

— (2002) Fronteras interiores. Chiapas: una modernidad particular, Mexico: Editorial Oceano.

Gilly, A. (1997) Chiapas la razón ardiente. Ensayo sobre la rebelión del mundo encantado, Mexico: Ediciones Era.

Gobierno de Chiapas – Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (2003) Desarrollo social en cifras, Tuxtla Gutiérrez: Gobierno de Chiapas.

Godelier, M. (1974) Economía, fetichismo y religión en las sociedades primitivas, Mexico: Siglo XXI Editores.

Goldring, L. (1996) ‘The changing configuration of property rights under ejido reform’, in L. Randall (ed.), Reforming Mexico’s Agrarian Reform, Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 271–87.

Gonçalves, R. H. (2005) ‘Acampamentos: novas relações de género (con)fundida na luta pela terra’, Lutas Sociais, 13/14: 147–59.

— (2006) ‘Entre o Estado e o movimento: recuo da participação política das mulheres nos assentamentos de reforma agrária’, in II Simpósio Estadual Lutas Sociais na América Latina. Crise das democracias latino-americanas: dilemas e contradições, Londrina, CD-ROM.

Goodman, D. and M. Redclift (1981) From Peasant to Proletarian. Capitalist Development and Agrarian Transitions, Oxford: Blackwell.

Goodwin, J. and T. Skocpol (1994) ‘Explaining revolutions in the contemporary Third World’, in T. Skocpol, Social Revolutions in the Modern World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 259–78.

Gossen, G. (1996) ‘Maya Zapatistas move to the ancient future’, American Anthropologist, 98(3): 528–38.

Goulet, D. (1988 [1971]) ‘“Development” … or liberation?’, in C. K. Wilber (ed.), The Political Economy of Development and Under-development, New York: Random House, pp. 480–7.

Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks, ed. Q. Hoare and G. Nowell Smith, New York: International Publishers.

— (1975) ‘Notes sur Machiavel, sur la politique et sur le prince moderne’, in A. Gramsci, Gramsci dans le texte, Paris: Éditions Sociales, pp. 415–580.

— (1983) Textes, Paris: Éditions Sociales.

Guillén, D. (1996) ‘Estructuras tradicionales de poder y modernización política en América Latina: el caso chiapaneco’, PhD thesis in Latin American Studies, FCPyS-UNAM.

Guimarães, A. P. (1968) Quatro Séculos de Latifundio, Rio de Janeiro: Editora Paz e Terra.

— (1982) A crisis agrária, Rio de Janeiro: Editora Paz e Terra.

Halperin, R. and J. Dow (1977) ‘Part Three: The integration of peasant economies’, in R. Halperin and J. Dow (eds), Peasant Livelihood. Studies in Economic Anthropology and Cultural Ecology, New York: St Martin’s Press, pp. 185–8.

Hammond, J. (1999) ‘Law and disorder: the Brazilian Landless Farmworkers’ Movement’, Bulletin of Latin American Research, 18(4): 469–89.

Hardt, M. and A. Negri (2000) Empire, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Harris, R. (1978) ‘Marxism and the agrarian question in Latin America’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 19, V(4): 2–26.

Harvey, N. (1995) ‘Rebellion in Chiapas: rural reforms and popular struggle’, Third World Quarterly, 16(1): 39–73.

— (1998) The Chiapas Rebellion. The Struggle for Land and Democracy, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Heidrich, A. L. (2000) Além do Latifúndio. Geografia do interesse econômicos gaucho, Porto Alegre: Editora da Universidade/UFRGS.

Hellman, J. A. (1988) Mexico in Crisis, New York: Holmes and Meier.

— (1992) ‘The study of social movements in Latin America and the question of autonomy’, in S. Alvarez and A. Escobar (eds), The Making of Social Movements in Latin America. Identity, Strategy and Democracy, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 52–61.

— (1994) ‘Mexican popular movements, clientelism, and the process of democratization’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 81, 21(2): 124–42.

— (1995) ‘The riddle of social movements: who they are and what they do’, in S. Halebsky and R. Harris (eds), Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 165–83.

Hernández, E. (1999) ‘Propone el EZLN ampliar la base social de la consulta’, La Jornada, 10 May, p. 5.

Hernández Castillo, R. A. (2006) ‘Between feminist ethnocentricity and ethnic essentialism: Zapatistas’ demands and the National Indigenous Women’s Movement’, in S. Speed, R. A. Hernández Castillo and L. Stephen (eds), Dissident Women. Gender and Cultural Politics in Chiapas, Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 57–74.

Hernández Castillo, R. A., L. Stephen and S. Speed (2006) ‘Introduction’, in S. Speed, R. A. Hernández Castillo and L. Stephen (eds), Dissident Women. Gender and Cultural Politics in Chiapas, Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 33–54.

Hernández Navarro, L. (1992) ‘Las convulsiones rurales’, in J. Moguel, C. Botey and L. Hernández (eds), Autonomía y nuevos sujetos sociales en el desarrollo rural, Mexico: Siglo veintiuno editores, pp. 235–60.

— (2003) ‘Acuerdo para el campo: cambiar para que todo siga igual’, La Jornada, 21 April.

— (2004) ‘Chenalhó y Zinacantán’, La Jornada, 24 April.

Hernández Navarro, L. and R. Vera Herrera (1998) Los Acuerdos de San Andrés, Mexico: Ediciones Era.

— (2000) ‘El zapatismo y las ciencias sociales en América Latina’, in Chiapas 10, Mexico: Ediciones Era, pp. 41–50.

Higgins, N. (2004) Understanding the Chiapas Rebellion. Modernist Visions and the Invisible Indian, Austin: University of Texas Press.

Holloway, J. (1997) ‘La revuelta de la dignidad’, in Chiapas 5, Mexico: Ediciones Era, pp. 7–40.

— (2000) ‘El zapatismo y las ciencias sociales en América Latina’, in Chiapas 10, Mexico: Ediciones Era, pp. 41–50.

— (2002) Change the World without Taking Power. The Meaning of Revolution Today, London: Pluto Press.

Houtzager, P. P. (1998) ‘State and unions in the transformation of the Brazilian countryside, 1964–1979’, Latin American Research Review, 33(2): 103–42.

Hunter, W. and T. Power (2007) ‘Rewarding Lula: executive power, social policy and the Brazilian elections of 2006’, Latin American Politics and Society, 49(1): 1–30.

Ibarra Mendívil, J. L. (1996) ‘Recent changes in the Mexican Constitution and their impact on the agrarian reform’, in L. Randall (ed.), Reforming Mexico’s Agrarian Reform, Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 49–60.

INCRA (1999) Livro Branco das Superendenizaçôes, Brasilia: INCRA, www.incra.gv.br/_htm/serveinf/_htm/pubs/pubs.htm.

— (2004) Relatório de Gestão. Exercício 2004, Brasilia: Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agraria, INCRA, www.incra.gov.br/_htm/serveinf/_htm/pubs/_down/relat%F3rio_financeiro-cont%E1bil2004_final.pdf.

INEGI (2000) XII Censo General de Población y vivienda, Mexico: INEGI.

INI (1995) Chiapas. Estructura productiva de los ejidos y comunidades agrarias en municipios indígenas, Mexico: Instituto Nacional Indigenista.

IPEA (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada) and SPI/MP (Secretaria de Planejamento e Investimento Estratégico) (2010) Objectivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio. Relatório Nacional de Acompanhamento, Brasilia: IPEA.

Jung, C. (2008) The Moral Force of Indigenous Politics: Critical Liberalism and the Zapatistas, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kay, C. (1995) ‘Rural Latin America: exclusionary and uneven agricultural development’, in S. Halebsky and R. Harris (eds), Capital, Power and Inequality in Latin America, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 21–51.

— (2000) ‘Latin America’s agrarian transformation: peasantization and proletarianization’, in D. F. Bryceson, C. Kay and J. Mooij (eds), Disappearing Peasantries? Rural Labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America, London: Intermediate Technology Publications, pp. 123–38.

— (2005) ‘Perspectives on rural poverty and development strategies in Latin America’, Working Paper Series no. 419, The Hague: Institute for Social Studies.

— (2006) ‘Survey article. Rural poverty and development strategies in Latin America’, Journal of Agrarian Change, 6(4): 455–508.

Keck, M. E. (1989) The Workers’ Party and Democratization in Brazil, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Khasnabish, A. (2010) Zapatistas: Rebellion from the Grassroots to the Global, London: Zed Books.

Kiele, R. (2005) The Clash of Globalisations. Neo-Liberalism, the Third Way and Anti-Globalisation, Leiden: Brill.

Kohl, B. (2006) ‘Challenges to neoliberal hegemony in Bolivia’, Antipode, 38(2): 304–26.

La Jornada (1998) Mujeres del ejido de Taniperlas, municipio autónomo Ricardo Flores Magón, ‘Un esfuerzo común contra la pobreza’, in ‘Los sonidos del silencio zapatista’, Masiosare, La Jornada supplement, 3 May, p. 11.

Lavalle, A. G., A. Acharya and P. P. Houtzager (2005) ‘Beyond comparative anecdotalism: lessons on civil society and participation from São Paulo, Brazil’, World Development, 33(6): 951–64.

LeBot, Y. (1997) El sueño Zapatista. Entrevistas con el Subcomandante Marcos, el mayor Moisés y el comandante Tacho del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, Mexico: Plaza y Janés.

Lenkersdorf, C. (1996) Los hombres verdaderos. Voces y testimonios tojolabales, Mexico: Siglo XXI Editores.

Leyva Solano, X. (2001) ‘Regional, communal, and organizational transformations in Las Cañadas’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 117, 28(2): 20–44.

— (2005) ‘Indigenismo, Indianismo and “ethnic citizenship” in Chiapas’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 32(3/4): 555–83.

Leyva Solano, X. and G. Ascencio Franco (1996) Lacandona al filo del agua, Mexico: CIESAS-UNAM-Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Llambí, L. (2000) ‘Global–local links in Latin America’s new rurality’, in D. F. Bryceson, C. Kay and J. Mooij (eds), Disappearing Peasantries? Rural Labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America, London: Intermediate Technology Publications, pp. 176–91.

Löwy, M. (2003) ‘Brésil: un ouvrier à la présidence de la république’, La Gauche, 3, March, www.lagauche.com/lagauche/article.php3?id_article=373.

Mackinlay, H. (2008) ‘Pequeños productores y agronegocio en México: una retrospectiva histórica. Tendencia de expansión y operación de los agronegocios a principios del siglo 21’, in B. M. Fernandes (ed.), Campesinato e agronegócio na América Latina: A questão agrária atual, São Paulo and Buenos Aires: Expressão Popular/CLACSO, pp. 165–94.

Marini, R. M. (1973) Dialéctica de la dependencia, Mexico: Editorial Era.

Marques, M. I. M. (2006) ‘Relação Estado e MST: algumas fases e faces’, Revista Lutas y Resistências, 1: 184–96.

Marqués Bringel, B. (2006) ‘El lugar también importa. Las diferentes relaciones entre Lula y el MST’, Revista NERA, year 9, no. 9, July–December, pp. 27–48.

Márquez Rosano, C. (1996) ‘Agricultura campesina y cambio tecnológico. La producción de maíz en la subregión Cañadas de la selva Lacandona, Chiapas’, Master’s thesis in Regional Rural Development, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo.

Márquez Rosano, C. and C. Legorreta (1999) ‘Colonización, apropiación del territorio y desarrollo sustentable en la Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México’, Paper prepared for the workshop ‘Land in Latin America. New Context, New Claims, New Concepts’, CEDLA, Amsterdam.

Martínez-Lara, J. (1996) Building Democracy in Brazil. The Politics of Constitutional Change, 1985–95, Oxford: Macmillan.

Martínez Veloz, J. (2005) ‘De cuando el gobierno traicionó a los indígenas’, La Jornada, 19 August.

Martins, J. de S. (1981) Os camponeses e a política no Brasil, Petrópolis: Editora Vozes.

— (2003) ‘Representing the peasantry? Struggle for/about land in Brazil’, in T. Brass (ed.), Latin American Peasants, London: Frank Cass, pp. 300–35.

Martins, M. D. (2000) ‘The MST challenge to neoliberalism’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 114, 27(5): 33–45.

Marx, K. (1990) Capital. A Critique of Political Economy, vol. I, London: Penguin Press.

— (1991) Capital. A Critique of Political Economy, vol. III, London, Penguin Press.

— (1992) ‘Economic and philosophical manuscripts (1844)’, in K. Marx, Early Writings, London, Penguin Press, pp. 279–400.

— (1993) ‘Original accumulation of capital’ and ‘Forms which precede capitalist production’, in Grundrisse. Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft), London: Penguin Press, pp. 459–515.

Max-Neff, M. A., with contributions from A. Elizalde and M. Hopenhayn (1991) Human Scale Development. Conception, Application and Further Reflections, New York: Apex Press.

McMichael, P. (1990) ‘Incorporating comparison within a world-historical perspective: an alternative comparative method’, American Sociological Review, 55(3): 385–97.

— (2000) Development and Social Change. A Global Perspective, 2nd edn, Thousands Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.

— (2006) ‘Peasant prospects in the neoliberal age’, New Political Economy, 11(3): 407–18.

— (2009) ‘Food sovereignty, social reproduction and the agrarian question’, in A. H. Akram-Lodhi and C. Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization: Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge, pp. 288–312.

McNally, D. (2002) Another World is Possible. Globalization and Anti-capitalism, Winnipeg: Arbeiter Ring Publishing.

MDA (Ministério de Desolvimento Agrário) and INCRA (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária) (2010) Prestação de contas ordinárias anual. Relatório de gestão do exercício de 2010, Brasilia: INCRA.

MDS (Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome) (2013) Plano Brasil Sem Miseria. Resultados de junho 2011 a dezembro 2012, www.brasilsemmiseria.gov.br/banners/caderno-de-graficos-bsm-2011-2012-v2.pdf.

Mentinis, M. (2006) Zapatistas: The Chiapas Revolt and What it Means for Radical Politics, London: Pluto Press.

Meszaros, G. (2000) ‘Taking the law into their hands: the Landless Workers’ Movement and the Brazilian state’, Journal of Law and Society, 27(4): 517–41.

Michels, R. (1962) Political Parties, New York: Collier.

Mies, M. and V. Bennholdt-Thomsen (2000) The Subsistence Perspective. Beyond the Globalized Economy, New York: Zed Books.

Migdal, J. (1974) Peasants, Politics, and Revolution. Pressures toward Political and Social Change in the Third World, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Moguel, J. (1992) ‘Reforma constitucional y luchas agrarias en el marco de la transición salinista’, in J. Moguel, C. Botey and L. Hernández (eds), Autonomía y Nuevos Sujetos Sociales en el Desarrollo Rural, Mexico, Siglo XXI Editores, pp. 261–75.

Moguel Viveros, R. and M. Parra Vázquez (1998) ‘La cuestión agraria en Chiapas. Seguridad y justicia en la tendencia de tierra’, in J. Moguel and J. A. Romero (eds), Propiedad y organización rural en el México moderno. Reforma agraria y el Procede en Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca y Sonora, Mexico: Juan Pablos Editor-Facultad de Economía-UNAM.

Molyneux, M. (2000) ‘Twentieth-century state formations in Latin America’, in E. Dore and M. Molyneux (eds), Hidden Histories of Gender and the State in Latin America, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 35–81.

Moore, B., Jr (1966) Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Boston, MD: Beacon Press.

Morais, L. and A. Saad-Filho (2005) ‘Lula and the continuity of neoliberalism in Brazil: strategic choice, economic imperative or political schizophrenia?’, Historical Materialism, 13(1): 3–32.

— (2011) ‘Brazil beyond Lula: forging ahead or pausing for breath?’, Latin American Perspectives, 38(2): 31–44.

Motta, M. M. M. (2005) ‘Teixera de Freitas: da posse e do dereito de possuir’, Revista da Facultad de Direito de Campos, 7: 249–70.

— (2008) ‘Fronteiras internas no Brasil do século XIX. Um breve comentário’, Vivencia, 33: 55–65.

Moyo, S. and P. Yeros (2005) ‘The resurgence of rural movements under neoliberalism’, in S. Moyo and P. Yeros (eds), Reclaiming the Land. The Resurgence of Rural Movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America, London: Zed Books, pp. 8–64.

MST (1989) ‘Plano Nacional do MST 1989 a 1993’, Caderno de Formação, 17.

— (1991) ‘A experiência do MST na cooperação agrícola’ in F. Görgen, A. Sergio J. P. Stédile (eds), Assentamentos. A resposta económica da reforma agrária, Petrópolis: Vozes, pp. 134–79.

Munck, R. (1999) ‘Deconstructing development discourses: of impasses, alternatives and politics’, in R. Munck and D. O’Hearn (eds), Critical Development Theory: Contributions to a New Paradigm, London: Zed Books, pp. 196–210.

Nash, J. (1995) ‘The reassertion of indigenous identity: Mayan responses to state intervention in Chiapas’, Latin American Research Review, 30(3): 7–41.

— (2001) Mayan Visions. The Quest for Autonomy in the Age of Globalization, New York: Routledge.

Navarro, M. (2001) ‘The personal is political: las Madres de Plaza de Mayo’, in S. Eckstein (ed.), Power and Popular Protest. Latin American Social Movements, updated and expanded edn, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 241–58.

Navarro, Z. (2000) ‘Breaking new ground: Brazil’s MST’, Nacla Report on the Americas, XXXIII(5): 36–9.

Navarro, Z., M. S. Moraes and R. Menezes (1999) ‘Pequena história dos assentamentos rurais no Rio Grande do Sul: formação e desenvolvimento’, in L. S. de Medereiros and S. Leite (eds), A Formação dos assentamentos rurais no Brasil. Processos sociais e políticas públicas, Porto Alegre: Editora da Universidade UFRRJ, pp. 19–68.

North, D. (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

North, L. and J. Cameron (2003) Rural Progress, Rural Decay. Neoliberal Adjustment Politics and Local Initiatives, Bloomfield, IN: Kumarian Press.

North, P. and U. Huber (2004) ‘Alternative spaces of the Argentinazo’, Antipode, 36(5): 963–84.

Nuijten, M. (2001) ‘What’s in the land? The multiple meanings of land in a transnationalized Mexican village’, in A. Zoomers (ed.), Land and Sustainable Livelihood in Latin America, Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, pp. 71–92.

Nun, J. (1994) ‘La marginalidad en América Latina’, in R. M. Marini and M. Millán (eds), La Teoría social latinoamericana. Textos escogidos, vol. II: La Teoría de la Dependencia, Mexico: UNAM, pp. 139–79.

Oliveira, A. U. de (2006) ‘A Não Reforma Agraria do MDA/INCRA do Governo Lula’, www.landaction.org/gallery/ANaoReformaAgrariaNoGovernoLULA.pdf.

Olivera, M. (2005) ‘Subordination and rebellion: indigenous peasant women in Chiapas ten years after the Zapatista uprising’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 32(3/4): 608–28.

Ondetti, G. (2008) Land, Protest, and Politics: The Landless Movement and the Struggle for Agrarian Reform in Brazil, University Park: Penn State University Press.

Otero, G. (1999) Farewell to the Peasantry? Political Formation in Rural Mexico, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Otero, G. and H. A. Jugenitz (2003) ‘Challenging national borders from within: political class formation of indigenous peasants in Latin America’, Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 40(5): 503–24.

Paige, J. M. (1975) Agrarian Revolution. Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the Underdeveloped World, New York: Free Press.

— (1997) Coffee and Power. Revolution and the Rise of Democracy in Central America, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Palacios, G. (2009) ‘Campesinato e escravidão: Uma proposta de periodização para a história dos cultivadores pobres livres no Nordeste Oriental do Brasil: 1700–1875’, in C. Welch, E. Malagodi, J. Cavalcanti and M. de Nazareth Wanderley (eds), Camponeses brasileiros. Leituras e interpretações clássicas, vol. 1, São Paulo: Editora UNESP, pp. 145–78.

Palmeira, M. and S. Leite (1998) ‘Debates econômicos, procesos sociais e lutas políticas’, in R. Santos and L. F. Carvalho Costa (eds), Política e reforma agrária, Rio de Janeiro: MAUAD Consultoria e Planejamento Editorial, pp. 92–165.

Papma, F. (1992) Contesting the Household Estate. Southern Brazilian Peasants and Modern Agriculture, Amsterdam: CEDLA.

Pechlaner, G. and G. Otero (2010) ‘The neoliberal food regime: neoregulation and the new division of labor in North America’, Rural Sociology, 75(2): 179–208.

Perreault, T. (2003) ‘Making space. Community organization, agrarian change, and the politics of scale in the Ecuadorian Amazon’, Latin American Perspectives, Issue 128, 30(1): 96–121.

Petras, J. and H. Veltmeyer (2001) ‘Are Latin American peasant movements still a force for change? Some new paradigm revisited?’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 28(2): 83–118.

— (2003a) ‘The peasantry and the state in Latin America: a troubled past, an uncertain future’, in T. Brass (ed.), Latin American Peasants, London: Frank Cass, pp. 41–81.

— (2003b) Cardoso’s Brazil: A Land for Sale, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Polanyi, K. (1944) The Great Transformation. The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, Boston, MD: Beacon Press.

Pompeu, R. (2003) ‘Bancada ruralista, o “elo frágil” do governo Lula’, Caros Amigos, 18: 12.

Popkin, S. L. (1979) The Rational Peasant. The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Postero, N. (2005) ‘Indigenous responses to neoliberalism: a look at the Bolivian uprising of 2003’, PoLar: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 28(1): 73–92.

Prinz, A. (1969) ‘Background and ulterior motives of Marx’s Preface of 1859’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 30(3): 437–50.

Quijano, A. (1994) ‘Dependencia y marginalidad. El concepto de polo marginal’, in R. M. Marini and M. Millán (eds), La Teoría social latinoamericana. Textos escogidos, vol. II: La Teoría de la Dependencia, Mexico: UNAM, pp. 181–209.

Radcliffe, S. A. and S. Westwood (1993) ‘Viva’ Women and Popular Protest in Latin America, London: Routledge.

Rahman, A. M. D. (1993) People’s Self-Development. Perspectives on Participatory Action Research, London: Zed Books.

Rajchenberg S., E. and C. Héau-Lambert (1996) ‘Historia y simbolismo en el movimiento zapatista’, in Chiapas 2, Mexico: Ediciones Era, pp. 41–57.

Reyes Ramos, M. E. (1992) El reparto de tierra y la política agraria en Chiapas 1914–1988, Mexico: UNAM.

— (1998) ‘Los Acuerdos Agrarios en Chiapas: ¿una política de contensión social?’, in M. E. Reyes Ramos, R. Moguel Viveros and G. van der Haar (eds), Espacios disputados: transformaciones rurales en Chiapas, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Colegio de la Frontera Sur, pp. 21–47.

Rezende, G. C. (2001) ‘Política de preços mínimos na década de 90: dos velhos aos novos instrumentos’, in S. Leite (ed.), Políticas públicas e agricultura no Brasil, Porto Alegre: Editorial da Universidade/UFRGS, pp. 121–44.

Riethof, M. (2004) ‘Changing strategies of the Brazilian labor movement. From opposition to participation’, Latin American Perspectives, issue 139, 31(6): 31–47.

Robles, W. (2000) ‘Beyond the politics of protest: the Landless Rural Workers Movement of Brazil’, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, XXI(3): 657–91.

— (2001) ‘The Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) in Brazil’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 28(2): 146–52.

Rojas, R. (1994) Chiapas,¿y las mujeres que?, vol. 1, Mexico: La Correa Feminista.

Romano, J. O. (1994) ‘Poder, valores e conflito nos processos de organização no interior dos assentamentos. Comentários a um debate’, in L. Medeiro, M. V. Barbosa, M. P. Franco, N. Esterci and S. Leite (eds), Assentamentos rurais. Uma visão multidisciplinar, São Paulo: UNESP: 249–58.

Rovina, G. (1996) Mujeres de Maíz, Mexico: Editorial Era.

Rubin, J. W. (2002) ‘From Che to Marcos. The changing grassroots left in Latin America’, Dissent, 49(3): 39–47.

Rubio, B. (1996) ‘Las organizaciones independientes en México: semblanza de las opciones campesinas ente el proyecto neoliberal’, in H. C. de Grammont (ed.), Neoliberalismo y organización social en el campo mexicano, Mexico: Plaza y Valdés, pp. 113–63.

— (2004) ‘La fase agroalimentaria global y su repercusión en el campo mexicano’, Comercio Exterior, 54(11): 948–56.

Rus, J. and G. Collier (2003) ‘A generation of crisis in the central highlands of Chiapas. The cases of Chamula and Zinacantán, 1974–2000’, in J. Rus, S. Mattiace and R. A. Hernández Castillo (eds), Mayan Lives, Mayan Utopias: The Indigenous Peoples of Chiapas and the Zapatista Rebellion, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 33–61.

Rus, J., S. Mattiace and R. A. Hernández Castillo (2003) ‘Introduction’, in J. Rus, S. Mattiace and R. A. Hernández Castillo (eds), Mayan Lives, Mayan Utopias: The Indigenous Peoples of Chiapas and the Zapatista Rebellion, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 1–26.

Saad-Filho, A. (2005) ‘From Washington to post-Washington Consensus: neoliberal agendas for economic development’, in A. Saad-Filho and D. Johnston (eds), Neoliberalism. A Critical Reader, London: Pluto Press, pp. 113–19.

Sader, E. (2011) The New Mole. Paths of the Latin American Left, London: Verso.

Sánchez, C. (1998) ‘Los senderos del EZLN’, Memoria, 114: 27–38.

Santos, B. de S. (2004) ‘The World Social Forum: towards a counter-hegemonic globalization’, in F. Polet (ed.), Globalizing Resistance: The State of the Struggle, London: Pluto Press, pp. 165–87.

Scherer-Warren, I. (1988) ‘Los trabajadores rurales en el sur de Brasil y la democratización de la sociedad’, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 50(1): 243–58.

Schuurman, F. J. (1993) ‘Introduction: Development Theory in the 1990’s’, in F. J. Schuurman (ed.), Beyond the Impasse: New Directions in Development Theory, London: Zed Books, pp. 1–37.

Scott, J. (1976) The Moral Economy of the Peasant. Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

— (1985) Weapons of the Weak. Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Semo, E. (1973) Historia del Capitalismo en México. Los Orígenes. 1521–1763, Mexico: Ediciones Era.

— (1978) Historia Mexicana. Economía y lucha de clases, Mexico: Ediciones Era.

— (2003) La búsqueda. 1. La izquierda mexicana en los albores del siglo XXI, Mexico: Editorial Oceano.

Singelmann, P. (1981) Structures of Domination and Peasant Movements in Latin America, Columbia: University of Missouri Press.

Singer, P. (2002) ‘A recente ressurreição da economía solidária no Brasil’, in B. de S. Santos (ed.), Produzir para viver: os caminhos da produção não capitalista, Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, pp. 83–129.

Skocpol, T. (1979) States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

— (1982) ‘What makes peasants revolutionary?’, Comparative Politics, 14(3): 351–75.

Slater, D. (1991) ‘New social movements and old political questions: rethinking state–society relations in Latin American development’, International Journal of Political Economy, 21(1): 32–65.

Sparovek, G. (2003) A qualidade dos assentamentos da reforma agrária brasileira, São Paulo: Páginas e Letras Editora e Gráfica.

Stallybrass, P. (1998) ‘Marx’s coat’, in P. Spyer (ed.), Border Fetishisms. Material Objects in Unstable Places, New York: Routledge, pp. 183–207.

Starr, A. and J. Adams (2003) ‘Anti-globalization: the global fight for local autonomy’, New Political Science, 25(1): 19–42.

Starr, A., M. E. Martínez-Torres and P. Rosset (2011) ‘Participatory democracy in action. Practices of the Zapatistas and the Movimento Sem Terra’, Latin American Perspectives, 38(1): 102–19.

Stavenhagen, R. (1975) Social Classes in Agrarian Societies, New York: Anchor Books.

Stephen, L. (2002) Zapata Lives! Histories and Cultural Politics in Southern Mexico, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos (1998a) ‘De bombas, bomberos y bombillas’, La Jornada, 23 November.

— (1998b) ‘México 1998: tres mesas para la cena de fin de siglo’, La Jornada, 26 February.

— (1999) ‘Los Zapatistas y la manzana de Newton’, La Jornada, 10 May.

Tarrow, S. (1998) Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, 2nd edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Taussig, M. (1980) The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Taylor, V. and N. van Dyke (2004) ‘“Get up, stand up”: tactical repertoires of social movements’, in D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule and H. Kriesi (eds), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 262–93.

Teubal, M. (2009) ‘Peasant struggles for land and agrarian reform in Latin America’, in A. H. Akram-Lodhi and C. Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization: Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge, pp. 148–66.

Thompson, E. P. (1991) The Making of the English Working Class, London: Penguin.

— (1993) Customs in Common. Studies in Traditional Popular Culture, New York: New Press.

Tilly, C. (1984) Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Toledo, V. (2000) La paz en Chiapas. Ecología, luchas indígenas y modernidad alternativa, Mexico: UNAM-Ediciones Quinto Sol.

Tutino, J. (1986) From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico. Social Bases of Agrarian Violence 1750–1940, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Van der Haar, G. (1998) ‘La campesinización de la zona alta tojolabal: el remate zapatista’, in M. A. Reyes Ramos, R. Moguel Viveros and G. van der Haar (eds), Espacios disputados: transformaciones rurales en Chiapas, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Colegio de la Frontera Sur, pp. 99–113.

— (2001) Gaining Ground. Land Reform and the Constitution of the Community in the Tojolabal Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, Amsterdam: Rozenberg.

Van der Ploeg, J. D. (2010) ‘The peasantries of the twenty-first century: the commoditisation debate revisited’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(1): 1–30.

Veltmeyer, H. (1997) ‘New social movements in Latin America: the dynamics of class and identity’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 25(1): 139–69.

— (2001a) ‘The quest for another development’, in H. Veltmeyer and A. O’Malley (eds), Transcending Neoliberalism: Community-based Development in Latin America, Bloomfield, IN: Kumarian Press, pp. 1–34.

— (2001b) ‘Decentralization and local development’, in H. Veltmeyer and A. O’Malley (eds), Transcending Neoliberalism: Community-based Development in Latin America, Bloomfield, IN: Kumarian Press, pp. 46–66.

Vergara-Camus, L. (2000) ‘Poder y hegemonía en la renovación de la izquierda latinoamericana: el caso del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional en México’, Master’s thesis in Political Science, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales-UNAM.

— (2009a) ‘The MST and the EZLN’s struggle for land: new forms of peasant rebellions’, Journal of Agrarian Change, 9(3), July: 365–91.

— (2009b) ‘The politics of the MST: autonomous rural communities, the state and electoral politics’, Latin American Perspectives, 36(4), July: 178–91.

— (2012) ‘The legacy of social conflicts over property rights in rural Brazil and Mexico: current land struggles in historical perspectives’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(5): 1133–58.

— (2013) ‘Against the current: revolution in times of neoliberal hegemony. The political strategy of the MST in Brazil and the EZLN in Mexico’, in: B. Carr and J. Webber (eds), The New Latin American Left: Cracks in the Empire, Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, pp 95–115.

— (forthcoming) ‘Sugarcane ethanol: the hen of the golden eggs? Agribusiness and the state in Lula’s Brazil’, in S. Spronk and J. Webber (eds), Crisis and Contradiction: Marxist Perspectives on Latin America in the Global Economy, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.

Villafuerte Solís, D. (2005) ‘Rural Chiapas ten years after the armed uprising of 1994: an economic overview’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 32(3/4): 461–83.

Villafuerte Solís, D., M. del C. García and S. Meza (1997) La cuestión ganadera y la deforestación. Viejos y nuevos problemas en el trópico humedo y Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez: Universidad de Ciencias y Artes del Estado de Chiapas-Centro de Estudios Superiores de México-Centroamérica.

Villafuerte Solís, D., S. Meza Díaz, G. Ascencio Franco, M. del C. García Aguilar, C. Rivera Farfán, M. Lisbona Guillén and J. Morales Bermúdez (1999) La tierra en Chiapas. Viejos problemas nuevos, Mexico: Plaza y Valdés.

Viotti, E. da C. (1985) The Brazilian Empire. Myths and histories, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Von Werlhof, C. (1997) ‘Upheaval from the depth. The “Zapatistas”, the indigenous civilization, the question of matriarchy, and the West’, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 38(1/2): 106–30.

Weber, M. (1958) The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Welch, C. (1999) The Seed was Planted. The São Paulo Roots of Brazil’s Rural Labor Movement, 1924–1964, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

— (2006) ‘Movement histories. A preliminary historiography of Brazil’s Landless Laborers’ Movement (MST)’, Latin American Research Review, 41(1): 198–210.

— (2009) ‘Camponeses. Brazil’s peasant movements in historical perspective (1946–2004)’, Latin American Perspectives, 36(4): 126–55.

Wiarda, H. J. (1988 [1983]) ‘Toward a nonethnocentric theory of development: alternative conceptions from the Third World’, in C. J. Wilber (ed.), The Political Economy of Development and Under-Development, New York: Random House, pp. 59–82.

Wickham-Crowley, T. P. (2001 [1989]) ‘Winners, losers, and also-rans: toward a comparative sociology of Latin American guerrilla movements’, in S. Eckstein (ed.), Power and Popular Protest. Latin American Social Movements, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 132–81.

Winter, P. and B. Davis (2009) ‘Designing a program to support smallholder agriculture in Mexico: lessons from PROCAMPO and Oportunidades’, Development Policy Review, 27(5): 617–42.

Wolf, E. (1973) Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century, New York: Harper Torchbook.

— (1975) ‘On peasant rebellions’, in T. Shanin (ed.), Peasants and Peasant Societies, London: Penguin Press, pp. 264–74.

— (1999) Pathways of Power. Building an Anthropology of the Modern World, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Wolford, W. (2003a) ‘Families, fields, and fighting for land: the spatial dynamics of centention in rural Brazil’, Mobilization: An International Journal, 8(2): 201–15.

— (2003b) ‘Producing community: the MST and land reform settlements in Brazil’, Journal of Agrarian Change, 3(4): 500–20.

— (2005) ‘Agrarian moral economies and neo-liberalism in Brazil: competing world-views and the state in the struggle for land’, Environment and Planning, 37: 241–61.

— (2010) This Land is Ours Now. Social Mobilization and the Meaning of Land in Brazil, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Womack, J., Jr (1999) Rebellion in Chiapas. An Historical Reader, New York: New Press.

Wood, E. M. (1994) ‘From opportunity to imperative: the history of the market’, Monthly Review, July/August, pp. 14–40.

— (1995) Democracy against Capitalism. Renewing Historical Materialism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

— (1999) The Origin of Capitalism, New York: Monthly Review Press.

— (2002) ‘The question of market dependence’, Journal of Agrarian Change, 2(1): 50–87.

— (2009) ‘Peasants and the market imperative. The origins of capitalism’, in A. H. Akram-Lodhi and C. Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization: Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge, pp. 37–56.

Wright, A. and W. Wolford (2003) To Inherit the Earth. Landless Movement and the Struggle for a New Brazil, Oakland, CA: Food First Books.

Yúdice, G. (1998) ‘The globalization of culture and the new civil society’, in S. Alvarez, E. Dagnino and A. Escobar (eds), Cultures of Politics. Politics of Cultures. Re-visioning Latin American Social Movements, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 353–79.

Zamberlam, J. (1994) ‘Reflexões sobre algumas estratégias para a viabilização econômica dos assentamentos’, in L. Medeiros, M. V. Barbosa, M. P. Franco, N. Esterci and S. Leite (eds), Assentamentos rurais. Uma visão multidisciplinar, São Paulo: UNESP, pp. 271–312.

Zamberlam, J. and A. Froncheti (1997) ‘Resposta econômicas de assentamentos rurais: um estudo de caso’, in J. P. Stédile (ed.), A reforma agrária e a luta do MST, Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, pp. 177–88.

Zibechi, R. (1999) La Mirada horizontal. Movimientos sociales y emancipación, Montevideo: Editorial Nordan-Comunidad.

— (2003) ‘Movimientos sociales latinoamericanos: tendencies y desafíos. Los nuevos rostros de los de abajo’, Masiosare/La Jornada, 5 October, www.jornada.unam.mx/2003/oct03/031005/mas-raul.html.

Zimmermann, N. de C. (1994) ‘Os desafios da organização interna de um assentamento rural’, in L. Medeiros, M. V. Leonilde, M. P. Franco, N. Esterci and S. Leite (eds), Assentamentos rurais. Uma visão multidisciplinar, São Paulo: UNESP, pp. 205–24.

Zoomers, A. (ed.) (2001) Land and Sustainable Livelihood in Latin America, Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.

Zysman, J. (1994) ‘How institutions create historically rooted trajectories of growth’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(1): 243–83.