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PART 2 Support and Movement

2. The pectoral girdle consists of the scapulae and clavicles. ■ The scapula articulates with the humerus and the clavicle. It is anattachment site for shoulder, back, and arm muscles. ■ The clavicle holds the shoulder away from the body, permitting thearm to move freely.3. The arm bone is the humerus. ■ The humerus articulates with the scapula (head), the radius(capitulum), and the ulna (trochlea). ■ Sites of muscle attachment are the greater and lesser tubercles, thedeltoid tuberosity, and the epicondyles.4. The forearm contains the ulna and the radius. ■ The ulna and the radius articulate with each other and with thehumerus and the wrist bones. ■ The wrist ligaments attach to the styloid processes of the radiusand the ulna.5. Eight carpal bones, or wrist bones, are arranged in two rows.6. The hand consists of five metacarpal bones.7. The phalanges are digital bones. Each finger has three phalanges, andthe thumb has two phalanges.

Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

1. The lower limb is attached solidly to the hipbone and functions insupport and movement.

2. The pelvic girdle consists of the right and left hipbones and thesacrum. Each hipbone is formed by the fusion of the ilium, theischium, and the pubis. ■ The hipbones articulate with each other (symphysis pubis) andwith the sacrum (sacroiliac joint) and the femur (acetabulum). ■ Important sites of muscle attachment are the iliac crest, the iliacspines, and the ischial tuberosity. ■ The female pelvis has a larger pelvic inlet and outlet than themale pelvis.3. The thighbone is the femur. ■ The femur articulates with the hipbone (head), the tibia (medialand lateral condyles), and the patella (patellar groove). ■ Sites of muscle attachment are the greater and lesser trochantersand the adductor tubercle. ■ Sites of ligament attachment are the lateral and medial epicondyles.4. The leg consists of the tibia and the fibula. ■ The tibia articulates with the femur, the fibula, and the talus. Thefibula articulates with the tibia and the talus. ■ Tendons from the thigh muscles attach to the tibial tuberosity.5. Seven tarsal bones form the proximal portion of the foot.6. The foot consists of five metatarsal bones.7. The toes have three phalanges each, except for the big toe, which has two.8. The bony arches transfer weight from the heels to the toes and allowthe foot to conform to many different positions.

1. Which of these is part of the appendicular skeleton?a. cranium c. clavicle e. vertebrab. ribs d. sternum

2. A knoblike lump on a bone is called aa. spine. c. tuberosity.b. facet. d. sulcus.

e. ramus.

form

e. lacrimal bone

9. Which of these bones is not in contact with the sphenoid bone?a. maxilla d. parietalb. inferior nasal concha e. vomerc. ethmoid

10. A herniated disk occurs whena. the annulus fibrosus ruptures.b. the intervertebral disk slips out of place.c. the spinal cord ruptures.d. too much fluid builds up in the nucleus pulposus.e. All of these are correct.

11. The weight-bearing portion of a vertebra is thea. vertebral arch. d. transverse process.b. articular process. e. spinous process.c. body.

12. Transverse foramina are found only ina. cervical vertebrae. d. the sacrum.b. thoracic vertebrae. e. the coccyx.c. lumbar vertebrae.

13. Which of these statements concerning ribs is correct?a. The true ribs attach directly to the sternum with costal cartilage.b. There are five pairs of floating ribs.c. The head of the rib attaches to the transverse process of the vertebra.d. Vertebrochondral ribs are classified as true ribs.e. Floating ribs do not attach to vertebrae.

14. The point where the scapula and clavicle connect is thea. coracoid process. c. glenoid cavity. e. capitulum.b. styloid process. d. acromion process.

3. The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and thethe nasal septum.a. palatine process of the maxilla c. vomerb. horizontal plate of the palatine d. nasal bone

4. Which of these bones does not contain a paranasal sinus?a. ethmoid c. frontal e. maxillab. sphenoid d. temporal

5. The mandible articulates with the skull at thea. styloid process. c. mandibular fossa.b. occipital condyle. d. zygomatic arch.

e. medial pterygoid.

6. The nerves for the sense of smell pass through thea. cribriform plate. d. optic canal.b. nasolacrimal canal. e. orbital fissure.c. internal auditory canal.

7. The major blood supply to the brain enters through thea. foramen magnum. d. Both a and b are correct.b. carotid canals. e. All of these are correct.c. jugular foramina.

8. The site of the sella turcica is thea. sphenoid bone. c. frontal bone.b. maxillae. d. ethmoid bone.

e. temporal bone.