Chronology of Ancient Egypt
including principal kings
LE = Lower Egypt only; UE = Upper Egypt only.
All dates more or less conjectural prior to 690 BC, with scholarly estimates varying by decades.
PREDYNASTIC PERIOD |
||
Badarian Culture |
5000-4000 BC |
|
Naqada I (Amratian) Culture |
4000-3500 |
|
Naqada II (Gerzean) Culture |
3500-3150 |
|
Naqada III Culture |
3150-3000 |
|
|
|
Tomb |
EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD |
||
Dynasty 1 |
3050–2810 |
|
Narmer |
|
Umm el-Qaab B17/18 |
Hor-Aha |
|
Umm el-Qaab B10/15/19 |
Djer |
|
Umm el-Qaab O |
Djet |
|
Umm el-Qaab Z |
Den |
|
Umm el-Qaab T |
Anedjib |
|
Umm el-Qaab X |
Semerkhet |
|
Umm el-Qaab U |
Qaa |
|
Umm el-Qaab Q |
Dynasty 2 |
2810–2660 |
|
Hotepsekhemwy |
|
Saqqara |
Reneb |
|
|
Ninetjer |
|
Saqqara |
Sened |
|
|
Sekhemib/Peribsen |
|
Umm el-Qaab P |
Khasekhem/Khasekhemwy |
|
Umm el-Qaab V |
OLD KINGDOM |
||
Dynasty 3 |
2660–2600 |
|
Djoser |
|
Saqqara |
Sanakht |
|
Abu Rowash ‘El-Deir’? |
Sekhemkhet |
|
Saqqara |
Khaba |
|
Zawiyet el-Aryan |
Huni |
|
Abu Roash (?) |
Dynasty 4 |
2600–2470 |
|
Seneferu |
|
Dahshur & Meidum |
Khufu |
|
Giza |
Djedefre |
|
Abu Rowash |
Seth?ka |
|
Zawiyet el-Aryan |
Khaefre |
|
Giza |
Menkaure |
|
Giza |
Shepseskaf |
|
Saqqara-south |
Dynasty 5 |
2470–2360 |
|
Userkaf |
|
Saqqara |
Sahure |
|
Abusir |
Neferirkare |
|
Abusir |
Shepseskare |
|
Abusir? |
Neferefre |
|
Abusir |
Niuserre |
|
Abusir |
Menkauhor |
|
Saqqara |
Isesi |
|
Saqqara-south |
Unas |
|
Saqqara |
Dynasty 6 |
2360–2195 |
|
Teti |
|
Saqqara |
Userkare |
|
|
Pepy I |
|
Saqqara-south |
Nemtyemsaf I (Merenre) |
|
Saqqara-south |
Pepy II |
|
Saqqara-south |
Nemtyemsaf II |
|
|
FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD |
||
Dynasties 7/8 |
2195–2160 |
|
Ibi |
|
Saqqara-south |
Dynasties 9/10 (LE) |
2160–2040 |
|
Dynasty 11a (UE) |
2160–2065 |
|
Inyotef I |
|
El-Tarif |
Inyotef II |
|
El-Tarif |
Inyotef III |
|
El-Tarif |
MIDDLE KINGDOM |
||
Dynasty 11b |
2065–1995 |
|
Montjuhotep II |
|
Deir el-Bahari |
Montjuhotep III |
|
Thoth Hill(?) |
Montjuhotep IV |
|
|
Dynasty 12 |
1995–1780 |
|
Amenemhat I |
|
Lisht |
Senwosret I |
|
Lisht |
Amenemhat II |
|
Dahshur |
Senwosret II |
|
Lahun |
Senwosret III |
|
Dahshur & Abydos-south |
Amenemhat III |
|
Dahshur & Hawara |
Amenemhat IV |
|
Dahshur L.LIV? |
Sobekneferu |
|
|
SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD |
||
Dynasty 13 |
1780–1650 |
|
Sobekhotep I |
|
|
Sonbef |
|
|
Nerikare |
|
|
Amenemhat V |
|
Dahshur L.LIV? |
Ameny-Qemau |
|
Dahshur-south |
Amenemhat VI |
|
Dahshur L.LIV? |
Nebnuni |
|
|
Hornedjhiryotef |
|
|
Swadjkare |
|
|
Nedjemibre |
|
|
Sobekhotep II |
|
|
Rensonbe |
|
|
Hor |
|
|
Amenemhat VII |
|
|
Wegaf |
|
|
Khendjer |
|
Saqqara-south |
Imyromesha |
|
|
Inyotef IV |
|
|
Seth(y) |
|
Saqqara-south |
Sobekhotep III |
|
|
Neferhotep I |
|
Abydos-south S9? |
Sihathor |
|
|
Sobekhotep IV |
|
Abydos-south S10? |
Sobekhotep V |
|
|
Sobekhotep VI |
|
|
Iaib |
|
|
Aya |
|
|
Ini I |
|
|
Sewadjtu |
|
|
Ined |
|
|
Hori |
|
|
Sobekhotep VII |
|
|
Ini II |
|
|
Neferhotep II |
|
|
Dynasty 14 (LE) |
1700–1650 |
|
Dynasty 15 (LE) |
1650–1535 |
|
Dynasty 16 (UE) |
1650–1590 |
|
Senebkay |
|
Abydos-south CS9 |
Dynasty 17 (UE) |
1585–1540 |
|
Sobekemsaf I |
|
|
Inyotef V |
|
Dra Abu’l-Naga |
Inyotef VI |
|
Dra Abu’l-Naga |
Inyotef VII |
|
Dra Abu’l-Naga |
Sobekemsaf II |
|
|
Ahmose the Elder |
|
|
Taa |
|
Dra Abu’l-Naga |
Kamose |
|
Dra Abu’l-Naga/Birabi? |
Dynasty 18 |
||
Ahmose I |
1540–1516 |
Abydos-south/AN B (?) |
Amenhotep I |
1516–1496 |
Dra Abu’l-Naga AN B(?) |
Thutmose I |
1496–1481 |
KV20?/KV38 |
Thutmose II |
1481–1468 |
KV20? KV42? |
Thutmose III |
1468–1414 |
KV34 |
(Hatshepsut |
1462–1447) |
KV20 |
Amenhotep II |
1415–1386 |
KV35 |
Thutmose IV |
1386–1377 |
KV43 |
Amenhotep III |
1377–1337 |
WV22 |
Akhenaten |
1337–1321 |
TA26 |
(Smenkhkare |
1325–1326) |
|
(Neferneferuaten |
1326–1319) |
TA29? |
Tutankhamun |
1321–1312 |
TA27?/WV23?/KV62 |
Ay |
1311–1308 |
WV23 |
Horemheb |
1308–1278 |
KV57 |
Dynasty 19 |
||
Rameses I |
1278–1276 |
KV16 |
Sethy I |
1276–1265 |
KV17 |
Rameses II |
1265–1200 |
KV7 |
Merenptah |
1200–1190 |
KV8 |
Sethy II |
1190–1185 |
KV15 |
(Amenmeses |
1189–1186) |
KV10 |
Siptah |
1186–1178 |
KV47 |
Tawosret |
1178–1176 |
KV14 |
Dynasty 20 |
||
Sethnakhte |
1176–1173 |
KV11/KV14 |
Rameses III |
1173–1142 |
KV11 |
Rameses IV |
1142–1136 |
KV2 |
Rameses V |
1136–1132 |
KV9/? |
Rameses VI |
1132–1125 |
KV9 |
Rameses VII |
1125–1118 |
KV1 |
Rameses VIII |
1118–1116 |
|
Rameses IX |
1116–1098 |
KV6 |
Rameses X |
1098–1095 |
KV18/? |
Rameses XI |
1110–1095(LE) |
|
|
+1095–1078 |
KV4/? |
Third Intermediate Period |
||
Dynasty 21 |
||
Herihor |
1078–1065(UE) |
|
Nesibanebdjedet I |
1078–1053(LE) |
NRT-I |
Amenemnesut |
1065–1049(UE?) |
|
Panedjem I |
1063–1041(UE) |
|
Pasebkhanut I |
1049–999 |
NRT-III |
Amenemopet |
1001–992 |
NRT-IV/NRT-III |
Osorkon the Elder |
992–985 |
|
Siamun |
985–967 |
NRT-III |
Pasebkhanut II |
967–941 |
NRT-III |
Dynasty 22 |
||
Shoshenq I |
943–922 |
|
Osorkon I |
922–888 |
|
Takelot I |
888–872 |
?/NRT-I |
Osorkon II |
872–831 |
NRT-I |
Shoshenq III |
831–791 |
NRT-V |
Shoshenq IV |
791–779 |
NRT-V |
Pamiu |
779–773 |
NRT-II |
Shoshenq V |
773–736 |
|
Dynasty 23 |
736–666 |
|
Thebes |
||
Horsieset I |
?–840? |
MH1 |
Takelot II |
834–810 |
|
Padubast I |
824–800 |
|
Shoshenq VI |
800–794 |
|
Osorkon III |
791–762 |
Medinet Habu? |
Takelot III |
768–748 |
|
Rudamun |
748–745 |
|
Dynasty 24 (LE) |
734–721 |
|
Dynasty 25 |
||
Kashta |
?–745 |
Ku8? |
Piye |
745–713 |
Ku17 |
Shabataka |
713–705 |
Ku18 |
Shabaka |
705–690 |
Ku15 |
Taharqa |
690–664 |
Nu1 |
Tanutamun |
664–656+ |
Ku16 |
Saite Period |
||
Dynasty 26 |
||
Psametik I |
664–610 |
Sais |
Nekau II |
610–595 |
Sais |
Psametik II |
595–589 |
Sais |
Wahibre (Apries) |
589–570 |
Sais |
Ahmose II (Amasis) |
570–526 |
Sais |
Psametik III |
526–525 |
Sais |
Late Period |
||
Dynasty 27 (Persians) |
||
Kambyses II |
525–522 |
Pasagardae/Nashq-e/Rustam? |
Darius I |
521–486 |
Nashq-e Rustam I |
Xerxes I |
486–465 |
Nashq-e Rustam IV(?) |
Artaxerxes I |
465–424 |
Nashq-e Rustam III(?) |
Xerxes II |
424 |
|
Darius II |
423–405 |
Nashq-e Rustam II(?) |
Dynasty 28 |
||
Amyrtaios |
404–399 |
|
Dynasty 29 |
||
Naefarud I |
399–393 |
Mendes |
Pasherenmut |
393 |
|
Hagar |
393–380 |
|
Naefarud II |
380 |
|
Dynasty 30 |
||
Nakhtnebef |
380–362 |
|
Djehor |
362–360 |
|
Nakhthorheb |
360–339 |
|
Dynasty 31 (Persians) |
||
Artaxerxes III Ochus |
339–338 |
Persepolis V(?) |
Artaxerxes IV Arses |
338–336 |
Persepolis VII? |
Darius III |
335–332 |
Persepolis VII? |
Hellenistic Period |
||
Dynasty of Macedonia |
332–310 |
|
Alexander III |
332–323 |
Alexandria |
Philip III Arrhidaeus |
323–317 |
Vergina(?) |
Alexander IV |
317–310 |
Vergina(?) |
Dynasty of Ptolemy |
310–30 |
Alexandria |
Roman Period |
BC 30–395 AD |
Rome &c |