Index

Ahern, Bertie

Allied Irish Bank

Almunia, Joaquín

Alpert, Daniel

Alwaleed bin Tahal, Prince

American Bankers Association

Andersen, Gunnar T.

Anglo Irish Bank:

Burton and

capital injections by government

condition of

developers, loans to

winding down of

Arion Banki

Árnason, Árni Páll

Assets, synthetic

Austerity measures:

Greece

Ireland

PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain)

Bad banks

Bair, Sheila. See also Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

bank-holding companies

bank liabilities blanket guarantee proposal

banks, return of cash by

capital rules

derivatives

Dodd-Frank financial reform legislation

FDIC powers

future, concerns for

leverage ratio

proregulatory stance

Volcker and

Wachovia and

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria

Banco Santander

Bank debt, guarantee of:

Ireland

United States

Bank-equity levels

Bank of America:

acquisitions

bad banks

capital ratio

Countrywide Financial, acquisition of

credit rating uplift

derivative holdings

Europe, exposure to

job cuts

Merrill Lynch, acquisition of

mortgage-backed securities

mortgage servicing

price-to-book ratio

rescue of

Safe Banking Act and

second liens and revolving credit

size of

subsidiaries

TARP fund repayment

Bank of Ireland

Bank of Japan

Bank of New York Mellon

Bank of Spain

Bank One

Barclays

Barroso, José Manuel

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

Basel I

Basel II

Basel III

BayernLB

Bear Stearns

Bernanke, Ben

Biden, Joe

Blanchflower, David G.

Bondholders and derivatives

Breaking up big banks

Brown, Scott

Brown, Sherrod

Bruton, John

Budget deficits, of PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain)

Burton, Joan

Cajas (savings banks)

Cannon, Frederick

Capital, new definitions of

Capital injections to zombie banks

Capital ratios

Capital regulation

Capital rules

Carey, Sarah

CDOs. See Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)

CDS (credit default swap) contracts

Central Bank of Ireland

CFA Institute

Citigroup:

bad banks

capital ratio

credit rating uplift

derivative holdings

Europe, exposure to

examiners

executive pay

job cuts

mortgage-backed securities

mortgage servicing

pretend-and-extend policy

price-to-book ratio

rescue of

Safe Banking Act and

second liens and revolving credit

size of

TARP fund repayment

Citi Holdings

Clearinghouses for derivatives

Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs):

Germany

Goldman Sachs sale of

Iceland

risk management and

synthetic

Collins, Susan

Collins Amendment

Commerzbank

Companies, failing Japanese

Competitors, healthy

Congressional Oversight Panel

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Contagion fear

Continental Illinois Bank

Countrywide Financial

Covered bonds (pfanbriefe)

Cowen, Brian

Cowen, Tyler

Credit default swap (CDS) contracts

Credit ratings:

Bank of America

Citigroup

Germany

Iceland

Ireland

Spain

United States

uplift

Cross-border resolution regime

Dawson-Kropf, Michael

Debt-to-equity swaps

Deflation, in Japan

Delaying action

DEPFA Bank

Derivatives. See also specific types

banks’ holding of

bondholders and

clearinghouses for

defined

growth of

netting agreements for banks

over the counter

regulation of

Deutsche Bank

Devaluation of krona

Dodd, Christopher. See also Dodd-Frank financial reform legislation

Bair and

bill

Frank and

Safe Banking Act and

Volcker Rule

Dodd-Frank financial reform legislation:

bank size

Collins amendment

derivatives

FDIC under

Lincoln amendment

Merkley-Levin amendment

rule-making process

Dresdner Bank

Dublin, Ireland

Duffie, Darrell

Dukes, Alan

ECB. See European Central Bank (ECB)

Einarsdóttir, Birna

Engelhard, Joseph

Epic of Gilgamesh

EU. See European Union (EU)

Eurohypo

European Central Bank (ECB):

France and

funding to banks

Germany and

Greece and

Ireland and

PIGS and

Portugal and

power of

European Commission (EC):

derivatives

Germany and

Ireland and

Spain and

European Union (EU):

banking regulator

banks, breaking up

Germany and

Greece and

Ireland and

landesbanks and

PIGS and

price-to-book value of banks

stress tests

Fannie Mae

FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). See also Bair, Sheila

bank-holding companies

bank liabilities blanket guarantee proposal

powers of

Volcker Rule and

Wachovia and

Federal Reserve:

monetary-policy support

quantitative easing

stress tests

Volcker Rule and

Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

Federal Reserve Bank of New York

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)

Financial Services Authority (Ireland)

First liens. See Mortgages

Fitch Ratings

FitzPatrick, Sean

Florida housing market

Food prices, Middle East

Foreclosures

Foreign currency swaps

France:

European Central Bank and

Germany and

investor concern about

Ireland and

PIGS and

Frank, Barney. See also Dodd-Frank financial reform legislation

Freddie Mac

Fuchs, Rainer

Funding cost gap

GDP. See Gross domestic product (GDP)

Geithner, Timothy:

Bair and

banking background of

bank liabilities blanket guarantee proposal

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

capital regulation

Citigroup and

derivatives

exit of, possible

on Japan

mortgages

political clout of

stress tests

Volcker and

Germany. See also Landesbanks

banking system

cooperative banks

credit ratings for banks

economy

European Central Bank and

European Commission and

European Union and

France and

Ireland and

PIGS and

politics and banking

private banks

public banks

Glass-Steagall Act

Glitnir

Global crisis, similarities to Japan’s Lost Decade

Goldman Sachs:

collateralized debt obligations

derivatives

Greece and

on largest banks

lobbyists

Paulson and

Safe Banking Act and

survival of

Goodman, Laurie

Government debt:

Iceland

Ireland

PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain)

Greece. See also PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain)

Greenspan, Alan

Gresham’s law

Gross domestic product (GDP):

Iceland

Ireland

Guarantee of bank debt:

Ireland

United States

Guglielmi, Antonio

Gurdgiev, Constantin

Hagen, Jan U.

Hallitzky, Eike

Helaba Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen

Hellwig, Martin

Herz, Robert H.

Higgins, Joe

Hoenig, Thomas M.

Home equity loans

Housing market:

Florida

Ireland

Japan

United States

Hybrid securities

Hypo Real Estate

HypoVereinsbank

Iceland:

bank assets compared to GDP

banks, warnings about

credit rating

devaluation of krona

economy

government debt

gross domestic product

Ireland compared to

migration, net

Netherlands and

reincarnation and recovery

unemployment

United Kingdom and

Icesave

Identifying zombie banks

IMF. See International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Interest rates:

central banks’ policy regarding

global economy and

Japan

United States

International Monetary Fund (IMF):

banks, increase in size and complexity

foreclosures vs. principal reduction

Greece, loans to

Ireland and

“too-important-to-fail” label

International resolution regime

International Swaps and Derivatives Association

Ireland. See also PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain)

austerity measures

bank debt, guarantee of

capital injections by government

credit rating

debt-to-equity swaps

economy

European Central Bank and

European Commission and

European Union and

Financial Services Authority

France and

Germany and

government debt

gross domestic product

household consumption

housing market

Iceland compared to

IMF and

landesbanks and

migration, net

mortgages, residential

National Asset Management Agency

stress tests

unemployment

Islandsbanki

Japan:

banking crisis

companies, failing

deflation

housing market

interest rates

Lost Decade

price-to-book value of banks

unemployment

JPMorgan Chase:

acquisitions

capital ratio

derivatives

mortgage servicing

Safe Banking Act and

second liens and revolving credit

size of

Kampeter, Steffen

Kane, Edward J.:

on Bair

derivatives

Dodd-Frank financial reform legislation

Japanese banks and US thrift crisis

kicking the can down the road

PIGS

zombie banks

Kashyap, Anil

Kaufman, Ted:

bank size

mortgage servicing

Safe Banking Act

Kaupthing

Kelly, Morgan

Kenny, Enda

Kicking the can down the road

Kirch, Leo

Kotok, David

Krona, devaluation of

Lachman, Desmond

Landesbank Baden-Württemberg

Landesbanks. See also Germany

about

assets, off-balance-sheet

borrowing and investment practices

credit ratings

criticisms of

European Union and

history of

Ireland and

politics and

Landsbanki Islands

Lehman Brothers:

Barclays and

capital

derivatives

failure of

Hypo Real Estate and

size of

Lenihan, Brian

Leverage ratio

Levin, Carl

Lewis, Kenneth D.

Lincoln, Blanche

Lincoln amendment

Liquidity risk

Lost Decade, Japan’s

Lyons, RonÁn

Mallaby, Sebastian

MBS (mortgage-backed securities)

McKillen, Patrick

Merkel, Angela:

France and

German banks

PIGS and

Merkley, Jeff

Merkley-Levin amendment

Merrill Lynch

Middle East

Migration, net:

Iceland

Ireland

Miller, Paul

Modification of mortgages

Moody’s Investors Service:

Bank of America

Citigroup

credit rating uplift

Germany

Ireland

Spain

Moral hazard

Mortgage-backed securities (MBS)

Mortgages:

foreclosures

Ireland

modification of

principal reduction

securitization of

servicing of

National Asset Management Agency (Ireland)

NBI

Netherlands

Netting agreements

Nolle, Karl

Nowakowski, David

Obama, Barack:

Bair and

election of

Volcker and

Volcker Rule

Oddsson, David

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)

Ólafsson, Höskuldur

O’Rourke, Kevin

Over the counter (OTC) derivatives

Paulson, Henry:

Bair and

banking background of

bank liabilities blanket guarantee proposal

Bank of America and

government authority

political clout of

TARP

Penn Square Bank

Petzel, Todd

Pfanbriefe (covered bonds)

PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain):

austerity measures

bank exposure to

budget deficits

debt

European Central Bank and

European Union and

Germany and

regulatory leniency toward

United States and

Pirrong, Craig

Portugal. See also PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain)

Pretend-and-extend policy

Price-to-book value

Principal reduction, for mortgages

Prins, Nomi

Quantitative easing

Ratios:

capital

leverage

Regulation of derivatives

Regulatory forbearance

Reinhart, Carmen M.

Resolution authority

Resolution regime, international

Resolution Trust Corporation

Rickards, James G.

Risk management

Rogoff, Kenneth S.

Rubin, Robert

SachsenLB

Safe Banking Act

Sarkozy, Nicolas

Savings and loans crisis

Savings banks (cajas)

Schacht, Kurt N.

Schmidt, Roman

Schuler, Carola

Second liens

Securitization of mortgages

Seitz, Kurt

Shiller, Robert

Silent participations

Silvers, Damon A.

Skulason, Magnus Arni

Spain. See also PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain)

Standard & Poor’s

State Street Bank

Stiglitz, Joseph:

bad banks

on Bair

banks and politicians

bubbles

Citigroup

derivatives

FDIC

Iceland

National Asset Management Agency (Ireland)

quantitative easing

Stoiber, Edmund

Stress tests:

European Union

Ireland

Spain

United States

Summers, Lawrence

Sweden

Switzerland

Synthetic assets

TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program)

Tarullo, Daniel K.

TBTF (too-big-to-fail) financial institutions

Tchenguiz, Robert

This Time Is Different (Reinhart and Rogoff)

Thrift crisis

Tomasson, Arni

Too-big-to-fail (TBTF) financial institutions

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)

Unemployment:

Iceland

Ireland

Japan

United Kingdom:

banks, breaking up

banks’ exposure to PIGS

Iceland and

United States:

capital injections

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

credit rating

housing market

interest rates

nationalization proposal for largest troubled banks

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

PIGS and

price-to-book value of banks

stress tests

thrift crisis

Uplift, credit rating

Van der Knaap, Adriaan

Volcker, Paul A.:

derivatives

FDIC committee appointment

friends and enemies of

future, concerns for

Volcker Rule

Volcker Rule

Wachovia

Walsh, John G.

Warren, Elizabeth

Weber, Axel

Weidner, Matthew

Wells Fargo:

acquisitions

capital ratio

mortgage servicing

Safe Banking Act and

second liens and revolving credit

Wachovia, acquisition of

WestLB

Whalen, R. Christopher

Whelan, Karl

Williams, Julie L.

Wolfe, Christopher

Zapatero, José Luis Rodríguez

Zeitler, Franz-Cristoph

Zombie banks, as term

Zombies, in Epic of Gilgamesh