Index

• • Alpha (α), see Type I error
  • Alternate hypothesis

• • Beta (β), see Type II error
  • Biserial correlation
  • • small samples
    • using SPSS
• • Bonferroni correction procedure

• • Categorical data
  • Chi-square distribution table
  • Chi-square goodness-of-fit test
  • • category frequencies equal
    • category frequencies not equal
    • computing
    • using SPSS
• • Chi-square test of independence
  • • computing
    • using SPSS
• • Contingency tables, 2 × 2
  • Correlation coefficient
  • • biserial
    • of a dichotomous variable and a rank-order variable
    • of a dichotomous variable and an interval scale variable
    • point-biserial
    • Spearman rank-order
• • Counts
  • Cramer's V
  • Critical value
  • • tables
• • Cumulative frequency distributions

• • Dichotomous scale
  • • continuous vs. discrete
• • Divergence

• • Effect size
  • • Cramer's V
    • phi coefficient

• • Factorials, table
  • Fisher exact test
  • • computing
    • using SPSS
• • Friedman test
  • • computing
    • critical values table for
    • large sample approximation
    • post hoc test for
    • sample contrasts for
    • small samples with ties
    • small samples without ties
    • using SPSS

• • Histogram
  • Homogeneity of variance

• • Interval scale

• • Kolmogorov–Smirnov one-sample test
  • • computing
    • using SPSS
  • Kolmogorov–Smirnov two-sample test
  • • computing
    • using SPSS
  • Kruskal–Wallis H test
  • • computing
    • correction for ties
    • critical values table for
    • large sample approximation
    • post hoc test for
    • sample contrasts for
    • small data samples
    • using SPSS
  • Kurtosis
  • • computing
    • leptokurtosis
    • platykurtosis
    • standard error of
    • using SPSS

• • Leptokurtosis
  • Likert scale

• • Mann–Whitney U test
  • • computing
    • confidence interval for
    • critical values table for
    • large sample approximation
    • small samples
    • using SPSS
• • Mean
  • Measurement scale
  • Median
  • Mode

• • Nominal data
  • Nonparametric tests, comparison with parametric tests
  • Normal curve
  • • properties
• • Normal distribution
  • • table
• • Normality
  • • assumptions
    • measures
• • Null hypothesis

• • Observed frequency distribution
  • Obtained value
  • Ordinal scale
  • Ordinate of the normal curve
  • • computing
    • table
• • Outliers

• • Parametric tests
  • • comparison with nonparametric tests
• • Pearson product-moment correlation
  • • critical values table for
• • Phi coefficient
  • Platykurtosis
  • Point-biserial correlation
  • • large samples approximation
    • small data samples
    • using SPSS
• • Post hoc comparisons
  • Power, see Statistical power

• • Randomness, see Runs test
  • Ranking data
  • • with tied values
• • Rank-order scale
  • Ratio scale
  • Relative empirical frequency distribution
  • Relative observed frequency distribution
  • Runs test
  • • computing
    • critical values table for
    • large sample approximation
    • referencing a custom value
    • referencing a custom value using SPSS
    • small data samples
    • using SPSS

• • Sample size
  • Sample contrasts
  • Scale, see Measurement scale
  • Sign test
  • • computing
    • large sample approximation
    • small samples
    • using SPSS
• • Skewness
  • • computing
    • standard error of
    • using SPSS
• • Spearman rank-order correlation
  • • computing
    • computing Student's t
    • computing z
    • critical values table for
    • small data sample with ties
    • small data sample without ties
    • using SPSS
• • SPSS
  • Standard deviation
  • Standard error
  • • of kurtosis
    • of skewness
• • Statistical power
  • Symmetry

• • Transformation
  • Type I error
  • Type II error

• • Variance
  • • homogeneity

• • Wald–Wolfowitz test
  • Wilcoxon rank sum test
  • Wilcoxon signed ranks test
  • • computing
    • confidence interval for
    • critical values table for
    • large sample approximation
    • small samples
    • using SPSS
• • Wilcoxon W

• • Yates's continuity correction

• • z-score
  • • table