Prologue: The Tennysons and the Queen, 1862–1863
1 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 334–5.
2 Dyson and Tennyson, p. 30.
3 Quoted in ibid., pp. 31–2.
4 Ibid., pp. 28–9.
5 Ibid., pp. 52–7.
6 Lang, Letters of Matthew Arnold, II, pp. 122–3.
7 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 301 and n; Dyson and Tennyson, p. 69. See also Ina Argyll.
8 Quoted in Dyson and Tennyson, p. 69.
9 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 485.
10 Quoted by Martin, Tennyson, p. 444.
11 Dyson and Tennyson, p. 75.
12 Letter to her sister, Anne Weld, in Hoge, Letters, p. 172.
13 Dyson and Tennyson, p. 76.
14 Ibid., p. 79.
CHAPTER I
Somersby, 1809–1827
1 Dyson and Tennyson, pp. 20–1.
2 Ibid., p. 27.
3 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 15.
4 Quoted in Sturman and Purton, p. 1.
5 Ibid., p. 2.
6 Ibid., p. 7.
7 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, pp. 147–8.
8 For examples of Dr Tennyson’s poetry in the Commonplace Book, see Sturman and Purton, pp. 63–81.
9 Dr Tennyson’s Commonplace Book, TRC N 15. This became the property of Alfred Tennyson, and has the name A. Tennyson inscribed on the inside front cover, following the formal inscription in his father’s hand.
10 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 18.
11 Willingham Rawnsley, ‘Tennyson and Lincolnshire’, in Hallam Tennyson, Friends, pp. 25–6.
12 Lang and Shannon, I, p. xxvii.
13 Hallam Tennyson, Friends, p. 28.
14 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 29–30.
15 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 5.
16 Ibid., I, pp. 14–15.
17 Ibid., I, p. 19.
18 Ricks, Poems, I, pp. 13–72.
19 Quoted in ibid., I, p. 14.
20 Harvard notebook 1 MS Eng 952.
21 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 20.
22 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 15.
23 Dyson and Tennyson, p. 52; this comic poem is quoted in full in Sturman and Purton, pp. 64–9.
24 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 16.
25 Dyson and Tennyson, p. 33; Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 5–7, 19–22.
26 Quoted in Sturman and Purton, pp. 8–9.
27 Quoted in ibid., pp. 12–13.
28 Quoted in ibid., p. 16.
29 Quoted in ibid., pp. 20–1.
30 Quoted in ibid., p. 21.
31 Quoted in ibid., p. 24.
32 Dyson and Tennyson, pp. 27–31, quotation p. 31.
33 Quoted in Sturman and Purton, pp. 24, 28.
34 Ibid., p. vii.
35 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 181 (but Ricks gives the date of this poem as 1828).
36 Ibid., I, p. 184; Heath MS, Fitzwilliam Museum; Allen notebook, Trinity College, Cambridge. It is dated 1828 in the Heath Commonplace Book.
CHAPTER 2
Cambridge, 1827–1830
1 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, I, p. 14.
2 Sturman and Purton, pp. 28–9, 31.
3 Dyson and Tennyson, p. 70.
4 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 59–61.
5 Dyson and Tennyson, p. 72.
6 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 29–30.
7 Ibid., I, p. 42.
8 Letter to John Frere, Sturman and Purton, p. 34.
9 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 22–3.
10 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, P. 35.
11 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 40 and n.
12 Motter, pp. 45–6.
13 Kolb, pp. 368, 369, 371.
14 Ibid., pp. 26–7.
15 Quoted from a letter to Gaskell’s mother (1830) in ibid., p. 197n.
16 Ibid., p. 266.
17 Ibid., p. 354.
18 Quoted in ibid., p. 59.
19 See ibid., p. 337n.
20 It contains manuscript copies made by John Heath of poems by Arthur Hallam, Alfred, Edward, Septimus and Frederick Tennyson.
21 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, I, p. 43.
22 Harvard Notebook 7 MS Eng 952.
23 Peter Allen, p. 138.
24 Here I am quoting and paraphrasing the invaluable account of Hallam’s thought given in ibid., pp. 154–8.
25 ‘Essay on the Philosophical writings of Cicero’, in Henry Hallam, pp. 146–210 (p. 173).
26 Quoted by Peter Allen, p. 3.
27 Brookfield, pp. 308–9.
28 Ibid., pp. 309–10.
29 Paden, p. 27.
30 Martin, Tennyson, p. 45; Ricks, Poems, I, pp. 94–160.
31 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 8–15.
32 Paden, p. 18 n 44.
33 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 23.
34 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 39, 41.
35 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 45–6.
36 Kolb, pp. 318–19.
37 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, I, p. 39.
38 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 46.
39 Kolb, p. 334.
40 Hagen, pp. 10–15.
41 Kolb, p. 363.
42 Charles Tennyson, Sonnets and Fugitive Pieces.
43 Coleridge’s notes were reprinted in Tennyson Turner, Collected Sonnets. Some of Coleridge’s notes on the volume reappeared in Tennyson Turner, A Hundred Sonnets, pp. 127–8.
44 Tennyson Turner, Collected Sonnets, p. 40 and n.
45 Kolb, pp. 365–7 and n.
46 Carlyle, John Sterling, pp. 64–5.
47 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 168.
48 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 51–4.
49 Kolb, p. 375.
50 Photocopies of the Kemble letters are in the Tennyson Research Centre, Lincoln, and several of them are quoted in Marion Shaw’s essay, ‘Friendship, Poetry, and Insurrection’, in Douglas-Fairhurst and Perry, pp. 214–15. This letter is quoted by Shaw, pp. 222–3, though with a misreading: ‘high spirits at the prospect of our speedy hanging’ is given in the essay as ‘high spirits at the prospect of our speedy departure’.
51 Kolb, p. 382.
52 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 54.
53 Kemble letters, number 85, 27 March 1831, to Kemble.
54 Carlyle, John Sterling, pp. 69–70.
55 Marion Shaw, in Douglas-Fairhurst and Perry, pp. 223–4.
56 Quoted in Kolb, p. 378n.
57 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 45–6.
58 Kolb, p. 387.
59 Quoted in ibid., pp. 388–9n.
60 Douglas-Fairhurst and Perry, pp. 214–15.
61 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 236.
62 Ibid., I, p. 384.
63 Ibid., I, pp. 571 and 569n (headnote).
64 Peter Allen, p. 168.
65 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 216.
66 Ibid., I, p. 638.
67 Ibid., I, pp. 320, 318, 309.
68 Ibid., I, pp. 202–3.
69 Ibid., I, pp. 243–4 and n.
70 Quoted in Paden, n. 176, pp. 149–50.
71 Ricks, Poems I, pp. 254–5.
72 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 84.
73 Kolb, p. 688.
74 Ricks, Poems, I, pp. 364–5, 368–9.
75 Ibid., I, pp. 380–1.
CHAPTER 3
Somersby and Arthur Hallam, 1831–1833
1 Dyson and Tennyson, pp. 118–20.
2 Daniell (1988), pp. 32–5; (1989), pp. 315–17.
3 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 48–9.
4 Ibid., I, pp. 51, 53.
5 Ibid., I, pp. 57–8.
6 Kolb, p. 416. In the event, the owner and patron of the livings of Somersby and Bag Enderby, William Burton, allowed the Somersby Tennysons to remain there until 1837 (by which date the living was needed for one of Burton’s sons).
7 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 25.
8 Dyson and Tennyson, p. 28; Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 12.
9 Ibid., I, pp. 59–61.
10 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 116.
11 Ibid., pp. 109–10.
12 Martin, Tennyson, p. 100, discusses the case for this date for the meeting as against a later date, in 1830, proposed by Jack Kolb.
13 Kolb, pp. 421, 423, 431.
14 A. H. Hallam, in Motter, pp. 182–98 and reproduced and discussed in Jump, pp. 34–49 (the five virtues are listed on p. 42).
15 Kolb, p. 508.
16 Ibid., pp. 536–7.
17 Ibid., p. 539.
18 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 71
19 Quoted in Kolb, p. 538.
20 North, ‘Noctes Ambrosianae’, pp. 190, 255–88; ‘Tennyson’s Poems’, pp. 194, 724–41.
21 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 75.
22 Ibid., I, pp. 76–7.
23 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 149–55.
24 Merriam, p. 1.
25 Ibid., pp. 13–21, 27.
26 Ibid., p. 29.
27 Kolb, pp. 459–60.
28 Ibid., p. 646.
29 Quoted in ibid., p. 653n.
30 Ibid., p. 413.
31 Ibid., p. 616.
32 Ricks, Poems, I, pp. 500–1.
33 Kolb, p. 618.
34 Ibid., p. 706.
35 Ibid., pp. 622–3 and n.
36 Ibid., pp. 639–40.
37 Ibid., p. 599.
38 Quoted in ibid., pp. 661, 602 and n.
39 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 386.
40 Ibid., I, pp. 449–50.
41 Ibid., I, p. 507.
42 Ibid., I, p. 468 and n.
43 Ibid., I, pp. 473, 475.
44 Quoted in Jump, pp. 71, 74, 81.
45 Kolb, p. 775.
46 Ibid., pp. 784–5.
47 Ibid., p. 4.
48 Hoge, Letters, p. 249.
49 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 105–6.
50 Ibid., I, p. 106.
51 Quoted in Ricks, Poems, II, p. 312, headnote to In Memoriam.
52 Ibid., II, p. 24.
53 Ibid., II, pp. 374, 326, 332–3, 331.
54 Waller, pp. 117–18, 124–6.
CHAPTER 4
Wandering, tribulation and lost love, 1833–1845
1 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 149–50.
2 Ibid., p. 150.
3 Turner, p. 61.
4 Ricks, Poems, III, p. 150.
5 Rawnsley, pp. 62–3.
6 This poem was written out by Francis Palgrave with the title ‘Early Verses of Compliment to Miss Rose Baring’, and was first printed in full by K. W. Gransden in The Book Collector iv (1955), pp. 160–1; see Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 60–1. It is quoted in Rader, p. 32.
7 Quoted by Rader, pp. 28–9, and in Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 75–6.
8 Quoted by Rader, pp. 36–7.
9 Ibid., p. 29.
10 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 78–9.
11 Ibid., II, p. 62.
12 Ibid., II, p. 77.
13 Rader, pp. 41–2.
14 Ibid.
15 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 122; Yale MS.
16 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 129.
17 Ibid., p. 122; Yale MS.
18 Quoted by Rader, p. 42.
19 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 125.
20 Kirstie Blair has discussed this in an intriguing essay, ‘Tennyson and the Victorian Working-Class Poet’, in Douglas-Fairhurst and Perry, pp. 276–95.
21 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 125–6.
22 Ibid., II, p. 130 and n.
23 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 155.
24 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 524, 525n, 540.
25 Harvard Notebook 17; see Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 320–1n.
26 Harvard Notebook 16; finished state in Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 327–8.
27 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 392.
28 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 107.
29 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 157.
30 Ibid., pp. 157–8.
31 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 135.
32 Ibid., I, p. 138.
33 Ibid., I, p. 140.
34 Ibid., I, p. 142.
35 Ibid., I, p. 134.
36 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 148.
37 See Thwaite, Emily Tennyson, p. 58.
38 Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 290–1 and n.
39 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 421–2, 426–7.
40 Martin, Tennyson, p. 232.
41 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 157.
42 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 146.
43 Ibid., I, pp. 147–8.
44 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 21.
45 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 158.
46 Ibid., I, p. 157.
47 Ibid., I, p. 173.
48 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 234–5.
49 M. D. Allen. (Confusingly, ‘1836’ is pencilled on the title page of the Essay in Tennyson’s library, Tennyson Research Centre, Lincoln, no. 406. The printed publication date of this volume is 1838.)
50 Ibid., p. xi.
51 Ibid., pp. 59–60.
52 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 159.
53 Ibid., I, p. 161.
54 Ibid., I, p. 176.
55 See the reproduction in Cheshire, p. 72.
56 Martin, Tennyson, p. 234.
57 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 168–9. The editors dated this as either 1839 or 1840; Ann Thwaite regarded 1840 as more likely.
58 Thwaite, Emily Tennyson, pp. 137–8.
59 Quoted in Rader, p. 70.
60 This is set out in detail in ibid., pp. 71–3.
61 Quoted in Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, as December 1839; but Lang and Shannon suggest that this letter belongs to the summer of 1840: I, pp. 182–3.
62 Thwaite, Emily Tennyson, p. 143.
63 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 182–3.
64 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 170.
65 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 183–4.
66 Quoted in ibid., I, p. 187.
67 Quoted in Martin, Tennyson, p. 258.
68 Quoted in Peter Allen, pp. 162–3.
69 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 129–30.
70 Ricks, Poems, I, pp. 395–6.
71 Quoted by Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 193n.
72 Ricks, Poems, I, pp. 396–7.
73 Peter Allen, p. 163.
74 Quoted in Ricks, Poems, I, p. 387, headnote.
75 Ibid., I, p. 392.
76 Jordan, p. 57.
77 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 393.
78 Ibid., I, p. 395 and n.
79 Ibid., I, pp. 269–70.
80 Quoted in Kolb, pp. 392–3.
81 Ricks, Poems, pp. 207, 209.
82 Ibid., I, p. 392.
83 Ibid., I, pp. 475–6.
84 Ibid., I, p. 436 (headnote).
85 Cronin, pp. 195, 200.
86 See Ricks, Poems, I, pp. 311–12 (headnote and text).
87 Ibid., I, p. 456.
88 Cronin, p. 205.
89 Jump, p. 143.
90 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 177.
91 Terhune, I, p. 246.
92 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 179.
93 Ibid., pp. 181–2.
94 Ibid., I, pp. 171–2.
95 Waller, pp. 93–4.
96 Ibid., p. 108.
97 See Reginald Bligh’s letter from London to ‘Mr Turner, Queen’s [sic] College’, 7 May 1775, Tennyson family archive, Lincolnshire County Libraries.
98 Waller, p. 109.
99 Ibid., pp. no, 113.
100 Paraphrase of the account in ibid., pp. 122–3.
101 Dyson and Tennyson, pp. 149–59.
102 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 183–4.
103 Ibid., I, p. 188.
104 Ibid., I, pp. 190, 199, 200.
105 Tennyson Research Centre 7712, letter of 14 July 1842.
106 Tennyson Research Centre 7714 to Matthew Allen, mid July 1842, and Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 205–6.
107 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 204.
108 Ibid., I, pp. 213–14.
109 Terhune, I, p. 479.
110 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 592–3.
CHAPTER 5
Growing reputation and The Princess, 1845–1850
1 Ormond, Literary Life, pp. 90–3 and ff.
2 Quoted by Ricks, Tennyson, p. 168.
3 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 242–3.
4 Headnote and text in Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 178–9.
5 See Tennyson’s letter to his aunt Elizabeth Russell, 18 April 1828, Lang and Shannon, I, p. 23 and n; Kennedy, pp. 82–103.
6 Shannon, Tennyson and the Reviewers, p. 17.
7 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 244–5.
8 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 183.
9 Dedication to Harold quoted here from Alfred Tennyson, Poetical Works, p. 607.
10 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 246.
11 Ibid., I, pp. 247–8.
12 Ibid., I, p. 249.
13 Ibid., I, p. 250.
14 Quoted in ibid., I, pp. 250–1.
15 See Mulhauser, Poems, pp. 45–93, 592–4.
16 Ibid., p. 93.
17 Waller, pp. 140–2.
18 Ricks, Poems, I, pp. 307–8.
19 Ibid., II, p. 188n.
20 Ibid., II, p. 192.
21 Ibid., II, pp. 200–1n; Houghton Library, Harvard.
22 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 264.
23 Ibid., II, p. 265.
24 Ibid., II, p. 232 and n.
25 Ibid., II, pp. 219–20 and headnote to The Princess, p. 186.
26 Ibid., II, pp. 293–4.
27 Ibid., I, p. 481n.
28 Ibid., II, p. 208.
29 Ibid., II, pp. 290–1.
30 Ibid., II, pp. 12–17.
31 Quoted in Waller, pp. 142–3.
32 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, I, p. 238.
33 Quoted in ibid., I, p. 237.
34 Ibid., I, p. 237 and n.
35 These journal entries, in the Houghton Library at Harvard, are also printed in ibid., I, pp. 258–60.
36 Ibid., I, pp. 260–1.
37 Ibid., I, p. 264.
38 Waller, p. 151.
39 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 273–4.
40 Quoted by Martin, Tennyson, p. 242.
41 Letter from Carlyle to Emerson quoted in Lang and Shannon, I, p. 228.
42 Letter from Jane Carlyle to Helen Welsh, 31 January 1845, quoted in ibid., I, p. 233.
43 Martin, Tennyson, p. 242.
44 Jenkins, Tennyson and Dr Gully, Jenkins gives a summary of Tennyson’s state at this date: ‘The annihilating loss of Arthur Hallam in 1833, the – to us – veiled spectre of his rejected love for Rosa Baring, the disposal of his grandfather’s property, overwhelmingly in favour of the other branch of the family, the loss of his small patrimony in the failure of Allen’s scheme for mechanical wood-carving, the engagement to Emily Sellwood, broken off in 1840 and not completed till ten years later, had brought him, by the age of thirty-eight, to the condition of a nervous invalid. In the spring of 1847, he tried the fashionable water cure at Umberslade Hall outside Birmingham, an establishment which had been set up by Dr Edward Johnson the previous year; he must have felt some benefit, for later in 1847 he tried the cure again, but this time in its celebrated head quarters in Malvern.’ See also Jenkins, Dr Gully.
45 Terhune, I, p. 623.
46 Quoted in Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 225.
47 Terhune, I, p. 604.
48 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 274 and n.
49 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 227–9; Brendon, passim.
50 Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Bt, King Arthur, 2 vols (Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1849), Introduction and pp. 36–7.
51 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 297–8, where ‘rigorous’ has been read as the less distinctive ‘vigorous’.
52 Allingham, p. 55. See also Lang and Shannon, I, p. 297n.
53 Those are now in Trinity College, Cambridge, and the Tennyson Research Centre at Lincoln.
54 Rawnsley, pp. 121–2.
55 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 311.
56 Ibid., I, p. 312.
57 Waller, pp. 154–5.
58 As is argued in Thwaite, Emily Tennyson, pp. 182–5.
59 Quoted in Rawnsley, pp. 123–4.
60 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 322–4 and n; Jump, pp. 173–85.
61 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 316.
62 Thwaite, Emily Tennyson, p. 190.
63 Rawnsley, p. 126.
64 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 235 and n.
65 ‘Materials for a Life of A.T.’, 4, p. 41.
66 Lang and Shannon, I, pp. 236–7 and n.
67 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 452.
68 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 331 (Forster), p. 330 (Monteith).
69 Ibid., I, p. 257 and n.
70 Ibid., I, p. 328.
71 Ibid., I, p. 166.
72 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 330.
73 Ibid., II, p. 426.
74 Ibid., II, pp. 420–5.
CHAPTER 6
In Memoriam, marriage and the Laureateship, 1850–1854
1 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 145.
2 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 310.
3 Ibid., I, p. 611n.
4 Ibid., III, pp. 595–6.
5 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 371.
6 Shatto and Shaw, p. 194.
7 Ormond, Old Masters, p. 21.
8 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 349–50.
9 Ibid., II, p. 398, gives this word as ‘wall’.
10 Ibid., II, pp. 397–402.
11 James Knowles, ‘A Personal Reminiscence’, in Page, Interviews and Recollections, p. 96.
12 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 408–9 and n.
13 Ibid., II, pp. 427, 428–9.
14 Ibid., II, pp. 436–7.
15 Ibid., II, pp. 453–4.
16 Lyell, vol. 1, p. 3.
17 Quoted in Martin Rudwick, ‘Sir Charles Lyell’, DNB.
18 For a full discussion of the book’s impact, see Secord.
19 Quoted in Desmond and Moore, p. 322.
20 See Batchelor, pp. 46–9.
21 Chambers, p. 324.
22 See Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 223; Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 438–9n.
23 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 438–9.
24 Ibid., II, pp. 457–8.
25 Ibid., II, pp. 411–13 and n.
26 See Shatto and Shaw, pp. 242, 255.
27 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 372–3 and n.
28 Ibid., II, p. 340.
29 Ibid., II, pp. 325–6.
30 Ibid., II, p. 24.
31 Ibid., II, pp. 403–4.
32 Shannon, Tennyson and the Reviewers, pp. 141–2; Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 247–8.
33 Shannon, Tennyson and the Reviewers, pp. 142, 144, 145.
34 Champneys, I, p. 336.
35 Waller, pp. 168–9.
36 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, I, p. 339.
37 Ibid., I, p. 340.
38 Lang, Letters of Matthew Arnold, I, p. 170.
39 Waller, pp. 170–2.
40 Lang and Shannon, II, pp. 3–4 and n.
41 Ibid., II, pp. 13–14.
42 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 340–1.
43 Pettigrew, I, p. 410.
44 Quoted in ibid., I, p. 1091.
45 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 359–61.
46 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 494–5.
47 ‘Materials for a life of A.T.’, 4, p. 288.
48 Ibid., 4, p. 291.
49 As described by Martin, Tennyson, p. 357.
50 Allingham, pp. 60–3.
51 Martin, Tennyson, p. 365.
52 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, II, p. 26.
53 Ibid., II, p. 50; Martin, Tennyson, p. 368.
54 Lang, Psychodrama, pp. 1, 3.
55 Martin, Tennyson, p. 367; Tennyson Research Centre, letter 6001 from James Spedding.
56 Tennyson Research Centre; also quoted in part in Noakes, Life, p. 127.
57 Noakes, Life, p. 130.
58 Ibid., pp. 132–52.
59 Terhune, II, pp. 82–3.
60 Letter of 15 February 1853: Lang and Shannon, II, p. 60.
61 Ibid., II, p. 64.
62 Allingham, p. 65.
63 Hoge, Journal, p. 30.
64 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 67.
65 Ricks, Poems, III, p. 402.
66 Lang and Shannon, II, pp. 67–8.
67 Hoge, Journal, pp. 31–3.
68 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 277.
69 Sir Charles Tennyson, Farringford, p. 5; Hutchings, p. 19.
70 Sir Charles Tennyson, Farringford, p. 6.
71 Hoge, Journal, p. 32.
72 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 86.
73 Ibid., II, pp. 75, 83.
74 Quoted from William Michael Rossetti’s diary, in Page, Interviews and Recollections, p. 20.
75 Lang and Shannon, I, p. 340.
76 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 580 and n.
77 Ibid., II, pp. 529–30.
78 Ibid., II, p. 565.
79 Hoge, Journal, p. 48.
80 All quotations from Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 513–84.
CHAPTER 7
The reception of Maud and the problems of fame, 1855–1862
1 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 384.
2 Quoted in Knies, p. 48n. The anecdote about ‘Did your mother …’ is reported in Warren, p. 9.
3 Knies, p. 46.
4 See Ina Argyll.
5 See George Argyll.
6 Letter from Carlyle to Fitzgerald, December 1850: Terhune, I, p. 691.
7 Ibid., I, p. 696.
8 Ibid., III, p. 487.
9 Massey, p. 6.
10 Ibid., pp. 7–8.
11 Quoted here from the headnote to Maud in Ricks, Poems, II, p. 517.
12 All quoted in the invaluable essay by Shannon, ‘Critical Reception’, p. 398.
13 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 119n.
14 Ibid., II, pp. 137–8.
15 Ibid., II, Appendix B, pp. 560–1.
16 Lang, Letters of Matthew Arnold, I, p. 322.
17 Quoted in Martin, Tennyson, p. 390.
18 Quoted in Jump, pp. 244, 248.
19 Quoted in Shannon, ‘Critical Reception’, p. 399.
20 Quoted in Jump, p. 188.
21 Tennyson Research Centre (numbered 6101).
22 Quoted in Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 411.
23 Adapted from Stephen Badsey, ‘Crimean War, 1853–6’, in Cannon, p. 260.
24 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 513.
25 Thwaite, Emily Tennyson, p. 273.
26 Hoge, Letters, p. 82.
27 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 128 and n.
28 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 392–4, 395.
29 Lang and Shannon’s opinion in II, 73n.
30 Ibid. II, p. 147.
31 Quoted in Jump, pp. 198–9.
32 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 399–401.
33 Tennyson Research Centre, Letter 5581, Balliol 29 December [1855].
34 Woolner, pp. 122–3.
35 Ibid., pp. 8–10.
36 Ibid., p. 105.
37 Tennyson Research Centre (this appears in part in Hoge, Letters, pp. 99–100).
38 Woolner, p. 114.
39 Ibid., pp. 130–1.
40 Ibid., p. 132.
41 Ibid., p. 173.
42 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, II, p. 206.
43 Quoted in Ormond, Thomas Woolner, p. 12.
44 Ibid., pp. 11–14; Woolner, p. 177.
45 Woolner, pp. 147, 149, 151.
46 Ormond, Thomas Woolner, p. 7.
47 Hoge, Journal, p. 67.
48 Mulhauser, Correspondence II, pp. 521–2.
49 Ibid., I, p. 73.
50 Ibid., I, p. 21.
51 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, II, p. 160.
52 Ibid., II, p. 174.
53 Ibid., II, p. I75n.
54 Ibid., II, p. 179.
55 Quoted in Ormond, Thomas Woolner, p. 19.
56 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, II, p. 184.
57 Woolner, p. 135.
58 Quoted in Sturman and Purton, p. 117.
59 Cohen, I, p. 34.
60 Martin, Tennyson, p. 417.
61 Woolner, p. 138.
62 Ibid., p. 148.
63 Quoted in Martin, Tennyson, p. 419.
64 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, II, p. 271.
65 See ibid., II, p. 239.
66 ‘Materials for a life of A.T.’, II, p. 224.
67 Ibid., II, pp. 224–6.
68 Lang and Shannon, II, pp. 239–40.
69 Palgrave’s journal, quoted in Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, pp. 441–2.
70 Ibid., I, p. 441.
71 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, II, p. 141n.
72 ‘Materials for a life of A.T.’, II, pp. 234–5.
73 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 442.
74 Quoted in Palgrave, p. 55.
75 Merriam, pp. 182–3.
76 Quoted in Hagen, p. 105.
77 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 96, headnote.
78 Ibid., II, pp. 99, 103.
79 Ibid., I, pp. 392–3.
80 Quoted in Martin, Tennyson, p. 414.
81 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 395.
82 Hagen, pp. 104–6.
83 Ibid., p. 106.
84 Merriam, pp. 185–6.
85 Hagen, p. 108.
86 Terhune, II, p. 272.
87 Martin, Edward Fitzgerald, pp. 193–200.
88 Mrs Gould is quoted in Dyson and Tennyson, p. 127.
89 Ibid., p. 121.
90 Quoted in ibid., p. 120.
91 Quoted in Thompson, p. 39.
92 Ibid., pp. 48–9.
93 Quoted (from Sir Charles Tennyson) by Martin, Tennyson, p. 433.
94 Woolner, p. 198.
95 Quoted in Ricks, Poems II, pp. 438–9.
96 Woolner, p. 203.
97 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 345, 352n and 353, 122, 532.
98 Quoted in Jump, p. 250.
99 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 420, 422.
100 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 218, 224–5, quoted in Staines, pp. 24–5, After the publication of The Princess, Tennyson had travelled to Cornwall looking for the legendary haunts of King Arthur. He ‘began to study the epical King Arthur in earnest’: Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 125.
101 Mulhauser, Correspondence, II, pp. 591, 602–3.
102 Ibid., II, p. 603.
103 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 331–2; Martin, Tennyson, pp. 437–41.
104 Lowry, pp. 46, 154.
105 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 618.
106 Martin, Tennyson, p. 441.
107 Quoted in Dyson and Tennyson, p. 65.
108 Ibid., p. 67.
109 Quoted in Olsen, p. 91.
110 Ibid., pp. 127–8.
111 Martin, Tennyson, p. 447
112 Ritchie, pp. 39–40.
113 Hallam Tennyson, Friends, pp. 153–4; Aplin, pp. 1–2.
114 Quoted in Martin, Tennyson, p. 448.
115 Terry, pp. 53, 56.
116 Ibid., p. 55.
117 Allingham, pp. 84–5.
118 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 2.
119 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 449–50.
120 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 427.
121 Lang and Shannon, II, pp. 278–9.
122 Ibid., II, Appendices E and F.
123 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 622.
124 Buckley, p. 152.
125 She was writing to Sir Henry Taylor: quoted in Lang and Shannon, II, pp 319–20.
CHAPTER 8
Idylls of the King and the creation of Aldworth, 1862–1872
1 MacCarthy, p. 58.
2 Quoted in ibid., p. 61.
3 Quoted in ibid., p. 62.
4 Ibid., p. 92.
5 William Morris, The Defence of Guinevere, in Morris, I, p. 5.
6 Quotations from preface to Furnivall, Holy Graal, and from Herbert Coleridge’s preface to Furnivall, Morte d’Arthur.
7 Woolner, p. 202.
8 Ibid., pp. 90–2, 208–12.
9 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 626n.
10 Hagen, p. 112.
11 Hoge, Letters, pp. 180, 181.
12 Quoted in Jump, pp. 288–92.
13 Quoted in ibid., p. 279.
14 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 628–9.
15 Woolner, pp. 219–25.
16 Ibid., p. 225.
17 Ibid., p. 230.
18 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 657n.
19 Ibid., II, p. 666.
20 Ibid., II, p. 669.
21 Ibid., II, pp. 670–1.
22 Ibid., II, pp. 674–5.
23 Ibid., II, p. 678.
24 Ibid., II, p. 681.
25 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 495; Frederick Pollock, quoted in Ricks, Poems, II, p. 658n.
26 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 682.
27 Woolner, p. 252.
28 Gatty Collection, Boston Public Library; also in Hoge, Letters, p. 162 (with different punctuation).
29 Gatty Collection, and Hoge, Letters, p. 163.
30 Quoted in P. G. Scott, p. 87.
31 Quoted in ibid., pp. 87–8; the Century Magazine version of the same phrasing is quoted in Lang and Shannon, II, p. 417.
32 Quoted from the Century Magazine in Lang and Shannon, II, p. 415.
33 P. G. Scott, p. 88.
34 Lang and Shannon, II, pp. 418–19.
35 Ibid., II, p. 421.
36 Quoted by P. G. Scott, p. 90.
37 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 391n.
38 Woolner (1917), p. 196, and Martin, Tennyson, p. 431.
39 Quoted in ibid., p. 456.
40 Ibid., p. 463.
41 Prof. J. B. Farmer, FRS, Professor of Botany, Royal College of Science, London; Rear Admiral A. Mostyn Field, FRS, late Hydrographer to the Navy; Dr H. O. Forbes, FRGS, Director of Museums to the Corporation of Liverpool; W F. Kirby, Esq., FLS, late Assistant in Zoological Dept., British Museum (Nat. History), South Kensington; Dr P. Chalmers Mitchell, FRS, Secretary to Zoological Society of London; Captain H. F. Oliver, RN, MVO; Lt Col. D. Prain, IMS, CIE, FRS, Director of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Prof. Adam Sedgwick, FSS, Professor of Zoology, Imperial College of Science and Technology; Dr W N. Shaw, FGS, Director of the Meteorological Office.
42 Lockyer.
43 Martin, Tennyson, p. 462.
44 Ibid., p. 461.
45 Ibid., p. 464.
46 Hoge, Journal, p. 251.
47 Ibid., p. 266.
48 Martin, Tennyson, p. 465.
49 Ibid., p. 463.
50 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 35.
51 Quoted in Martin, Tennyson, p. 466.
52 Quoted in Fuller, p. 15.
53 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 466–7.
54 Allingham, pp. 159–60.
55 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 467.
56 Ibid., II, p. 487.
57 Ibid., II, pp. 488–90.
58 Quoted in Hagen, p. 117.
59 Ibid., pp. 119–31.
60 Ibid., p. 121.
61 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 288.
62 Quoted in Metcalf, p. 191.
63 Quoted in ibid., p. 199.
64 Quoted in ibid., p. 200.
65 Martin, Tennyson, p. 472.
66 Metcalf, p. 201.
67 Ibid., p. 202,.
68 Hoge, Journal, p. 251.
69 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 380–1; the Minute Book of the Metaphysical Society.
70 Tennyson Research Centre, Lincoln.
71 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 526.
72 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 483–4.
73 Knies, p. 29.
74 Ibid., p. 51.
75 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 458.
76 Knies, p. 72.
77 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 99n.
78 Knies, p. 46.
79 Ibid., p. 58.
80 Ibid., p. 71.
81 Quoted in ibid, from Symonds’ Letters, I, p. 512.
82 Quoted in ibid., p. 64n.
83 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 57.
84 Knies, p. 67.
85 Cohen, I, pp. 150–1.
86 Lang and Shannon, II, pp. 543–4 and n.
87 Cohen, I, pp. 152–3.
88 Knies, pp. 91–2.
89 Ibid., pp. 102–3 and n.
90 Ibid., pp. 49, 62–3.
91 Quoted in Jump, p. 12. Friswell’s piece was reprinted in his Modern Men of Letters Honestly Criticised, p. 67.
92 Austin, p. 39.
93 Ibid., p. 82.
94 Ibid., p. 81.
95 Ibid., pp. 85, 88.
96 Lang and Shannon, II, pp. 522–3.
97 Ricks, Poems, III, pp. 8, 11 and n.
98 Ibid., III, p. 13 and n.
99 Ibid., II, pp. 652–3.
100 Hoge, Letters, p. 239.
101 Ibid., pp. 261–2.
102 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, pp. 66–8, 75, 74.
103 Ibid., II, p. 70.
104 Hoge, Letters, p. 240.
105 Ibid., p. 244.
106 Ibid., p. 248.
107 Ricks, Poems, II, pp. 709, 715, 718.
108 Hoge, Letters, p. 256.
109 Hoge, journal, p. 306.
110 Martin, Tennyson, p. 488.
111 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 551.
112 Ricks, Poems, III, p. 1.
113 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 389.
114 Terhune, III, pp. 243, 342, 344–6.
CHAPTER 9
The completion of the Idylls and the aspiring playwright, 1872–1886
1 Staines, pp. 1–9.
2 Ricks, Poems, II, p. 2n.
3 Ibid., II, pp. 2–3n.
4 Ibid., III, p. 588.
5 Quoted by Martin, Tennyson, pp. 241–2. See also Heffer, p. 203.
6 Quoted by Martin, Tennyson, p. 267.
7 Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, p. 243.
8 Ibid., p. 246.
9 Ricks, Poems, III, pp. 556–9.
10 Jordan, p. 166.
11 Ricks, Poems, III, p. 270.
12 Quoted in ibid., III, p. 562n.
13 Ibid., III, p. 429.
14 Ibid., III, p. 426.
15 Ibid., III, p. 440.
16 Ibid., III, p. 445
17 Ibid., III, p. 544.
18 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, I, p. 194.
19 History of King Arthur, vol. I; Tennyson Research Centre, Cat. 453, pp. 113, 125–7.
20 Quoted in Jump, p. 120.
21 Hood, p.134.
22 Quoted in Jump, pp. 119–20.
23 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 399.
24 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 18; Metcalf, pp. 239, 258–9.
25 Metcalf, p. 261.
26 Quoted from Emily’s letters and journal in Metcalf, p. 256.
27 Lang and Shannon, II, p. 212.
28 Ibid., III, p. 44.
29 Revised state of the original 1872 essay in Jump, pp. 355, 357.
30 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 127.
31 Ricks, Tennyson, p. 254.
32 Gray, p. 2.
33 Rosenberg, p.I.
34 Kathleen Tillotson, ‘Tennyson’s Serial Poem’, in Tillotson, pp. 81–2.
35 Austin, Poetry, pp. 17, 25.
36 Ibid., pp. 29–30, 35, 37.
37 Austin, Autobiography, vol. 2, pp. 220–1.
38 Letter to Richard Watson Dixon, 27 February 1879, quoted in Jump, p. 334.
39 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 393–4.
40 In Chapter 15 of his biography of his grandfather Sir Charles Tennyson (ibid., pp. 393–401) brought together two preoccupations of 1871–2 in Tennyson’s life: Tennyson’s (and Emily’s) increasing interest in the question of an appropriate honour to be conferred on him by the Queen, and the provisional completion of Idylls of the King in 1872 (‘provisional’ because the addition of yet another Idyll, later, meant the final state of the poem was not published until 1888).
41 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 52. See also Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 400.
42 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 15.
43 Ibid., III, pp. 12–16.
44 Ibid., III, pp. 348–9 and n.
45 Ibid., III, pp. 35–6, but dated in this edition September 1872, which seems unlikely.
46 Martin, Tennyson, p. 503.
47 Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 83–5.
48 Ibid., III, p. 87.
49 Richards, pp. 334–40.
50 Slater, p.1. Slater’s essay puts Tennyson’s playwriting into its practical context: ‘In the course of this grand project he wrote some fine poetry, like Queen Mary’s poignant “Magnificat” when she believes she is to bear a son (Queen Mary, Act 3, sc. 2) but my concern is not with the literary qualities of these works but to offer a survey of their actual production (and the production of his four other plays) seeing them as very much part of the endlessly fascinating story of the Victorian theatre with its mega-star actors and actresses, technological virtuosity, spectacular effects and boundless, lavish energy and inventiveness.’
51 Richards, p. 339.
52 Quoted in ibid., p. 445.
53 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 178.
54 Quoted by Martin, Tennyson, p. 523.
55 Phyllis Grosskurth, ‘Tennyson, Froude and Queen Mary’, Tennyson Research Bulletin, ii (1972–6), 44–54.
56 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 120.
57 Ibid., HI, p. 124n. Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, pp. 429–30 and Martin, Tennyson, p. 513, both give an opposite view of this episode. Martin’s version reads: ‘Tennyson had asked that the music for the play be entrusted to the young composer Charles Villiers Stanford, a friend of Hallam’s. His first suggestion to Stanford was that he rearrange some of Beethoven’s music to accompany the drama, and Stanford tactfully pointed out that it would no more do to excerpt Beethoven than it would for Tennyson to put one of Lady Macbeth’s speeches in Queen Mary’s mouth. Bateman, who disliked Stanford’s music, cut out most of it and wanted to put Stanford and a tiny band under the stage. When Tennyson heard of this, he immediately offered to pay for the sixty seats in the stall that Bateman claimed would have to be removed to provide a sufficient orchestra pit. Bateman then backed down, the seats remained, and Tennyson did not have to pay.’
58 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 185.
59 Quoted in Richards, pp. 340–1.
60 Terry, pp. 122–3; Alfred Tennyson, Queen Mary, III, vi, p. 179.
61 Tennyson Research Centre Letter 3849 (Knowles to Tennyson), 20 April 1876; Lang and Shannon, III, p. 128 and n.
62 Tennyson Research Centre Letter 3850 (Knowles to Tennyson), 7 May 1876.
63 Martin, Tennyson, p. 524.
64 Richards, pp. 203–4.
65 Quoted by ibid., p. 207.
66 Waugh, p. 256.
67 Ibid., p. 257.
68 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, III, p. 236.
69 Waugh, p. 261.
70 Quoted by Richards, p. 321
71 Harold Perkins, quoted by ibid., p. 392.
72 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 131 and n.
73 Terhune, III, pp. 705, 707.
74 Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 161–3.
75 Martin, Tennyson, p. 509.
76 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 164.
77 Ibid., III, pp. 164–5.
78 Metcalf, pp. 228–73.
79 Tennyson Research Centre Letter 3852 (Knowles to Tennyson), 20 January 1877.
80 Ricks, Poems, III, p. 23.
81 Metcalf, p. 277.
82 Tennyson Research Centre, Gladstone’s letters to Tennyson: Letter 3711, 11 Carlton House Terrace S.W., 23 March 1873 [in Gladstone’s handwriting].
83 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 56n.
84 Quoted in ibid., III, pp. 135–6.
85 Matthew, II, pp. 72–3.
86 Quotations from Alfred Domett and from Mary Gladstone in Lang and Shannon, III, p. 143.
87 Quoted from Henry James in ibid., III, p. 144.
88 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 212.
89 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 122.
90 Ibid., III, pp. 152–3.
91 Quoted from Alfred Domett’s diary in ibid., III, p. I53n.
92 Ibid., III, pp. 155–6, 157.
93 Ibid., III, p. 158.
94 James Spedding, ‘Introductory Essay’, in Charles Tennyson Turner, Collected Sonnets, pp. 29–30.
95 Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 170–1.
96 Ibid., III, pp. 174–7.
97 Ibid., III, p. 186n.
98 Quoted in ibid., III, p. 187.
99 Quoted in Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 244.
100 Ibid., II, pp. 244–8; Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 192–3n.
101 Metcalf, p. 368.
102 Ricks, Poems, III, p. 71.
103 Ibid., III, p. 32 and headnote p. 30.
104 Martin, Tennyson, pp. 535–6.
105 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 467.
106 Tennyson to Sir William Pollock: Lang and Shannon, III, p. 247.
107 Ricks, Poems, III, pp. 107–8.
108 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 250n.
109 Quoted in ibid., III, p. 249.
110 Matthew, II, p. 266.
111 Quotations from Mary Gladstone and other sources in Lang and Shannon, III, p. 259.
112 Quoted in ibid., III, pp. 254–5.
113 Matthew, II, pp. 266–7.
114 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 272n.
115 Ibid., III, pp. 275–8 and n.
116 Ibid., III, p. 273n.
117 Ibid., III, p. 279.
118 Quoted from William Allingham’s diary in ibid., III, pp. 292–3 and n.
119 Alfred Browning Stanley Tennyson (1878–1952) and Charles Bruce Locker Tennyson (1879–1976): ibid., III, p. 298n.
120 Quoted from Allingham’s diary in ibid., III, p. 298.
CHAPTER 10
Tragedy and resolution, 1886–1892
1 Martin, Tennyson, p. 534.
2 Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 210–11.
3 Ibid., III, p. 212.
4 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 625.
5 Quoted in Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 370–1.
6 Ibid., III, p. 5 and n.
7 Hoge, Letters, p. 333 and n.
8 Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 335–7.
9 Ricks, Poems, III, pp. 200–1.
10 Tennyson Research Centre Letter 2483, 17 March 1886.
11 Quoted in Martin, Tennyson, p. 558.
12 Hood, p. 101.
13 Martin, Tennyson, p. 563.
14 Lang and Shannon, III, pp. 386–7.
15 Quoted by Thwaite, Edmund Gosse, pp. 295–7.
16 Gladstone, pp. 7–8.
17 Ibid., pp. 9–10, 17–18.
18 Aplin, p. 4.
19 Martin, Tennyson, p. 569.
20 Fitzgerald’s letter was to an old Trinity friend, W. H. Thompson; clearly it was never his intention that it should be seen by a third party, let alone published to all the world as in Aldis Wright’s edition. Terhune, II, pp. 407–8.
21 Pettigrew, II, p. 972.
22 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 512.
23 Hoge, Letters, p. 342.
24 Hood, p. 315.
25 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 402.
26 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p.367; ‘Materials for a life of A.T.’, 4, p. 233.
27 ‘Materials for a life of A.T.’, 4, p. 234.
28 Lang and Shannon, III, p. 403.
29 Ibid., III, pp. 413–14.
30 Headnote to ‘Merlin and the Gleam’, Ricks, Poems, III, p 205.
31 Ibid., III, p. 216.
32 Ibid., III, p. 209.
33 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 517n.
34 Ricks, Poems, III, p. 137.
35 Martin, Tennyson, p. 575.
36 Ricks, Poems, III, p. 216.
37 Ibid., III, p. 235.
38 Ibid., III, p. 245.
39 Ibid., III, p. 251 and headnote.
40 Sir Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, p. 531.
41 Quoted in ibid., p. 535.
Epilogue: The poet and the pageant, 1892
1 Quoted in Dyson and Tennyson, pp. 137–8.
2 Prinsep papers, Beinecke Library, Yale, Box 1, folder 52.
3 Dyson and Tennyson, pp. 139–40.
4 Hallam Tennyson, Memoir, II, p. 429n.
5 Quoted in Dyson and Tennyson, p. 143.
6 Thwaite, Emily Tennyson, p. 591.
7 See ibid., p. 599.
8 Philip L. Elliott, The Making of the Memoir (Lincoln: The Tennyson Society, 1993), passim.
9 Hoge, Letters, p. 372.
10 Ricks, Poems, I, p. 246.