References
Chapter 1
1.Maher, Romantic Slievnamon, 48.
2.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1601–3, 251.
3.Canny, Elizabethan Conquest, 22.
4.Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland, 8.
5.Beckett, Making of Modern Ireland, 14.
6.Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland, 73.
7.Ibid., 73.
8.Ibid., 78.
9.Joyce, Social History of Ancient Ireland, II, 120.
10.Butler, ‘Peter Butler of Grallagh Castle’, Butler Soc. Jn., I, 3 (1970), 197.
Chapter 2
1.Smith, Elizabethan Epic, 90.
2.‘The Housekeeping of Irish Chiefs’, Dublin University Magazine, LIII (1959), 463.
3.Annals of the Four Masters, V, 1561.
4.N.L.I., MS 2289.
5.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 505.
6.Ibid.
7.N.L.I., MS 2289.
8.Ibid.
9.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 20.
10.Ibid.
11.Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, 392.
12.Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland, 164.
13.Berleth, Twilight Lords, 76.
14.Cal. Carew MSS, I, 417.
15.Ibid., 416.
16.MacCurtain, ‘The Fall of the House of Desmond’, Kerry Arch. & Hist. Soc. Jn., VIII (1975), 89.
17.Ibid.
18.Annals of the Four Masters, V, 1579.
19.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 48.
20.Ibid.
21.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 506.
22.Berleth, Twilight Lords, 81.
Chapter 3
1.Berleth, Twilight Lords, 80.
2.FitzGerald, Geraldines, appx.
3.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 42.
4.Ibid., 56.
5.FitzGerald, Geraldines, 64.
6.New Hist. Ire., III, 87.
7.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 61.
8.Sidney State Papers, 34.
9.Ibid.
10.Canny, Elizabethan Conquest, 32.
11.Sidney State Papers, 67.
12.Cal. Carew MSS, III, lvii.
13.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 114.
14.Cal. Pepys MSS, 47.
15.Ibid.
16.Wright, History of Ireland, 419.
17.Ibid., 422.
18.Gaughan, Knights of Glin, 29.
19.New Hist. Ire., III, 88.
20.Cal. Cecil MSS, I, 349.
21.FitzGerald, Geraldines, 102.
22.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 23.
23.Ibid., II, 517.
24.Countess of Desmond to Munster Commissioners, 11 Jan. 1568 (S.P., 63/23/16 ii).
25.Ibid.
26.Munster Commissioners to Countess of Desmond, 13 Jan. 1568 (S.P., 63/23/16 iv).
27.L’Estrange, Conna and Desmond, 46.
28.Cal. Cecil MSS, I, 355.
29.S.P., various entries.
30.Desmond to Thomas FitzGerald, 10 May 1568 (S.P., 63/26/39).
31.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 515.
32.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 137.
33.Ibid., 138.
34.Canny, Elizabethan Conquest, 67.
35.FitzGerald, Geraldines, 259.
36.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 151.
37.New Hist. Ire., III, 92.
38.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 154.
39.New Hist. Ire., III, 93.
40.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 151.
41.New Hist. Ire., III, 89.
Chapter 4
1.FitzGerald, Geraldines, 262.
2.Ibid., 263.
3.Black, Reign of Elizabeth, 477.
4.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 484.
5.Cal. Carew MSS, V, 415.
6.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 415.
7.Ibid.
8.Ibid., 485.
9.Desmond to Cecil, 5 July 1570 (S.P., 63/30/69).
10.Sidney State Papers, 130.
11.St Leger to Privy Council, 17 Oct. 1570 (S.P., 63/30/87).
12.Ibid.
13.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire., Eliz., 546.
14.New Hist. Ire., III, 99.
15.Berleth, Twilight Lords, 40.
16.St Leger to Burghley, 6 June 1571 (S.P., 63/32/54).
17.Ibid.
18.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 28.
19.Ibid., 62.
20.Ibid.
21.N.L.I., MS 2289.
22.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 485.
23.Ibid.
24.New Hist. Ire., III, 91.
25.Lambeth Palace Library, MS 616.
26.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 210.
27.Ibid.
28.Ibid., 234.
29.Cal. Carew MSS, V, 430.
30.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 238.
31.Wright, History of Ireland, 437.
32.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 485.
Chapter 5
1.New Hist. Ire., III, 99.
2.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 248.
3.Ibid., 251.
4.Desmond to Lord Deputy and Council, 25 Nov. 1573 (S.P., 63/43/6 i).
5.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 487.
6.Justice Walshe to Lord Deputy, 24 Nov. 1573 (S.P., 63/43/6 III).
7.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 253.
8.Desmond to Lord Deputy and Council, 25 Nov. 1573 (S.P., 63/43/6 i).
9.Ibid.
10.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 263.
11.Ibid.
12.Cal. Carew MSS, I, 463.
13.Ibid.
14.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, 169.
15.Lord Deputy to Burghley, 18 Apr. 1574 (S.P., 63/45/72).
16.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, 27.
17.Ibid.
18.Cal. Carew MSS, I, 473.
19.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 281.
20.Ibid.
21.Cal. Carew MSS, I, 475.
22.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire., Eliz., 109.
23.Cal. Carew MSS, I, 480.
24.Ibid., 482.
25.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 284.
26.Countess of Desmond to the Queen, 12 Sept. 1574 (S.F., 63/47/55).
27.Ibid.
28.Ibid.
29.FitzGerald, Geraldines, 274.
30.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, 482.
31.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 25.
32.Ibid.
33.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, 65.
34.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 21.
35.Ibid., 22.
Chapter 6
1.Canny, Elizabethan Conquest, 154.
2.New Hist. Ire., III, 91.
3.Canny, Elizabethan Conquest, 3.
4.New Hist. Ire., III, 100–1.
5.Wright, History of Ireland, 446.
6.MacCarthy, Florence MacCarthy Mór, 2.
7.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 314.
8.Wright, History of Ireland, 447.
9.Ibid.
10.Ibid., 448.
11.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, XXXV.
12.Perrot, Chronicle of Ireland, 141.
13.Ibid., 142.
14.New Hist. Ire., III, 102.
15.Cal. De L’Isle and Dudley MSS, II, 60.
16.Ibid., 66.
17.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, xli.
18.Lord Deputy to Privy Council, 20 Feb. 1578 (S.P., 63/60/14).
19.Ibid.
20.Ibid.
21.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, xlii.
22.Chambers, Granuaile, 93.
23.S.P., 63/19/56.
24.Countess of Desmond to the Queen, 30 Sept. 1578 (S.P., 63/62/23).
25.Ibid.
26.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 140.
27.Walsingham Letter-Book, 161.
28.Ibid.
29.Ibid.
30.Lord Chancellor Gerrard to Burghley, 3 Jan. 1579 (S.P., 63/65/3).
31.Ibid.
32.Bagwell, Tudors, II, 365.
33.O’Faolain, The Great O’Neill, 76.
34.Curtis, History of Ireland, 198.
35.New Hist. Ire., III, 104.
36.FitzGerald, Geraldines, 279.
37.Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland, 73.
38.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, lvi.
39.Ibid.
40.Ibid.
41.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 21.
42.Ibid., 22.
43.Walsingham Letter-Book, 135.
44.Annals of the Four Masters, III, 3784.
45.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 30.
46.Walsingham Letter-Book, 168.
47.Ibid.
48.Ibid., 169.
49.Ibid.
50.Benvenuta, ‘The Geraldine War—Rebellion or Crusade?’, Ir. Cath. Hist. Comm. Proc. (1963–8), 17.
51.Walsingham Letter-Book, 195.
52.Desmond to Privy Council, 10 Oct. 1579 (S.P., 63/69/51).
53.Walsingham Letter-Book, 195.
54.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, 190.
55.Ibid.
56.Walsingham Letter-Book, 202.
57.Desmond to Privy Council, 10 Oct. 1579 (S.P., 63/69/51).
58.Desmond to Ormond, 10 Oct. 1579 (S.P., 63/69/50).
59.Archbishop Loftus and Sir Henry Wallop to Privy Council, 31 Oct. 1579 (S.P., 63/67/76).
60.Perrot, Chronicle of Ireland, 162.
61.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 162.
62.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, I, 32.
63.Ibid.
64.Perrot, Chronicle of Ireland, 164.
65.Cal. Carew MSS, III, xvii.
Chapter 7
1.Smith, Elizabethan Epic, 143.
2.Cal. Carew MSS, III, 164.
3.Ibid., 265.
4.Ibid.
5.Ibid., II, 207.
6.Ibid.
7.Pelham to Walsingham, 16 Feb. 1580 (S.P., 63/71/209).
8.Ibid.
9.Ibid.
10.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 190.
11.Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, 361.
12.Walsingham Letter-Book, 249.
13.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 225.
14.Berleth, Twilight Lords, 125.
15.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 236.
16.Pelham to the Queen, 1 Apr. 1580 (S.P., 63/73/28).
17.Pelham to Walsingham, 5 Apr. 1580 (S.P., 63/73/33).
18.Pelham to Wallop, 21 June 1580 (S.P., 63/73/68 i).
19.Countess of Desmond to Privy Council, 28 June 1580 (S.P., 63/73/67).
20.Wright, History of Ireland, 470.
21.Captain Golde to Walsingham, 17 Sept. 1580 (S.P., 63/70/51i).
22.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 292.
23.Fenton to Walsingham, 8 Aug. 1580 (S.P., 63/75/27).
24.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 297.
25.St Leger to Burghley, 9 Oct. 1580 (S.P., 63/77/24).
26.Perrot, Chronicle of Ireland, 170.
27.Malby to Walsingham, 24 Oct. 1580 (S.P., 63/77/52).
28.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 64.
29.Ibid., 69.
30.Perrot, Chronicle of Ireland, 172.
31.Annals of the Four Masters, V, 1761.
32.St Leger to Burghley, 15 May 1581 (S.P., 63/83/25).
33.Countess of Desmond to Lord General and Council of Munster, 29 Apr. 1581 (S.P., 63/83/6 ii).
34.Ibid.
35.Ibid.
36.Spenser, Poetical Works, ed. Smith and de Selincourt, 3.
37.Lord Deputy and Council to Lord General and Council of Munster, 10 May 1581 (S.P., 63/83/6 III).
38.Ibid.
39.Ibid.
40.Ibid.
41.St Leger to Burghley, 15 May 1581 (S.P., 63/83/25).
42.Annals of the Four Masters, V, 1779.
43.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, 339.
44.Perrot, Chronicle of Ireland, 178.
45.Lord Deputy to Privy Council, 22 June 1582 (S.P., 63/93/45).
46.Walsingham to Lord Deputy, 25 June 1582 (S.P., 63/93/53).
47.Ibid.
48.Countess of Desmond to Burghley, 28 Aug. 1582 (S.P., 63/94/104).
49.Countess of Desmond to Lord Deputy, 28 Aug. 1582 (S.P., 63/94/104 i).
50.FitzGerald, Geraldines, 289.
51.Ibid.
52.O’Faolain, The Great O’Neill, 81.
53.Captain Norris to Lords Justices Loftus and Wallop, 24 Sept. 1582 (S.P., 63/96/3 i).
54.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, 268.
55.Ibid.
56.Annals of the Four Masters, V, 1783.
57.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 364.
58.Desmond to Ormond, 5 June 1583 (S.P., 63/102/87 i).
59.Captain Golde to Burghley, 13 Apr. 1583 (S.P., 63/101/25).
60.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–85, 287.
61.Ormond to Burghley, 18 June 1583 (S.F., 63/102/88).
62.Annals of the Four Masters, V, 1793.
63.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 113.
64.Ormond to Burghley, 28 Nov 1583 (S.P., 63/105/83).
65.Perrot, Chronicle of Ireland, 182.
66.Ibid.
67.O’Faolain, The Great O’Neill, 83.
Chapter 8
1.New Hist. Ire., III, 111.
2.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire., Eliz., lxv.
3.Ibid.
4.Ormond to Burghley, 28 Nov. 1583 (S.P., 63/105/83).
5.Ormond to Lords Justices Loftus and Wallop, 16 Dec. 1583 (S.P., 63/106/13).
6.Ibid.
7.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574–83, 484.
8.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire., Eliz., 94.
9.Ormond to Burghley, 26 June 1584 (S.P., 63/107/48).
10.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 67.
11.Ibid.
12.Lord Deputy to the Queen, 24 Oct. 1584 (S.P., 63/112/35).
13.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 123.
14.New Hist. Ire., III, 112.
15.Lord Deputy to the Queen, 24 Oct. 1584 (S.F., 63/112/35).
16.Ibid.
17.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 68.
18.Ibid.
19.New Hist. Ire., III, 113.
20.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, III, 552.
21.Ibid.
22.Ibid., 553.
23.Ibid.
24.Ibid.
25.Ibid.
26.Ibid., 535.
27.Ibid.
28.New Hist. Ire., III, 113.
29.Archbishop Loftus to Burghley, 18 June 1585 (S.P., 63/1 12/89).
30.Countess of Desmond to Burghley, 4 Sept. 1585 (S.F., 63/112/90).
31.Countess of Desmond to Burghley, 10 Feb. 1586 (S.P., 63/113/68).
32.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire. Eliz., 108.
33.Smith, Elizabethan Epic, 177.
34.Ibid., 175.
35.Ibid., 176.
36.Ibid., 181.
37.Ibid.
38.Archbishop Loftus to Burghley, 10 May 1586 (S.P., 63/124/8).
39.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 69.
40.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire., Eliz., 116.
41.Ibid., 70.
42.Ibid., 72.
43.Smith, Elizabethan Epic, 182.
44.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 72.
45.Spenser, Poetical Works, ed. Smith and de Selincourt, 3.
46.Smith, Elizabethan Epic, 203.
47.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire., Eliz., 186.
48.N.L.I., MS D.10028.
49.Ibid.
50.B.L., Lansdowne MS 65.
51.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, appx, 567.
52.O’Dowd, ‘Landownership in the Sligo Area, 1585–1641’, 85.
53.Wood-Martin, History of Sligo, I, 323.
54.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1596–7, 325.
55.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire., Eliz., 479.
56.Ibid.
57.O’Dowd, ‘Landownership in the Sligo Area, 1585–1641’, 111.
58.Cal. Cecil MSS, VII, 282.
59.Ibid.
60.Cal. Pat. Rolls Ire., Eliz., 479.
61.Cal. Cecil MSS, VII, 378.
Chapter 9
1.New Hist. Ire., III, 123.
2.Cal. Cecil MSS, VIII, 248.
3.O’Faolain, The Great O’Neill, 203.
4.Ibid., 205.
5.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 303.
6.Ibid.
7.Lords Justices Loftus and Gardiner to the Privy Council, 31 Oct. 1598 (S.P., 63/202/3/135).
8.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1599–1600, 172.
9.Ibid., 158.
10.Ibid.
11.Ibid.
12.Ibid., 172.
13.Ibid.
14.Cal. Salisbury MSS, X, 67.
15.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1600–1, 424.
16.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 489.
17.Ibid., 492.
18.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1601–3, 572.
19.Cal. Carew MSS, II, 490.
20.Ibid.
21.Pacata Hibernia, 108.
22.Ibid.
23.Ibid., 109.
24.Ibid.
25.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 383.
26.Ibid.
27.Cal. Carew MSS, IV, 33.
28.Cal. Salisbury MSS, II, 491.
29.Unpubl. Geraldine Docs, II, 497.
30.Ibid.
31.Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 390.
32.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 391.
33.Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 214.
34.‘History of Ballymote Castle’, R.S.A.I. Jn., LVII (1927), 98.
35.O’Dowd, ‘Landownership in the Sligo Area, 1585–1642’, 240.
36.Cal. Salisbury MSS, XVI, 371.
37.Ibid.
38.Ibid., XV, 373.
39.Ibid.
40.Ibid., XVII, 587.
41.Ibid.
42.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1603–6, 568.
43.Cal. Salisbury MSS, XVIII, 291.
44.Ibid.
45.Ibid., XX, 136.
46.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1608–10, 760.
47.National Monuments Commission, Sligo Abbey.
48.Wood-Martin, History of Sligo, II, 12.
49.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1608–10, 298.
50.Cal. S.P. Ire., 1606–8, 197.
51.O’Dowd, ‘Landownership in the Sligo Area, 1585–1641’, 244.
52.Wood-Martin, History of Sligo, III, 11.
Epilogue
1.Bagwell, Tudors, III, 384.
2.National Monuments Commission, Sligo Abbey.
3.Wood-Martin, History of Sligo, I, 257.
4.Ibid.
Appendix
1.Rowan, Olde Countesse of Desmonde, 5.
2.Ibid., 12.
3.Ibid., 21.
4.Ibid.