*Rev 1:1a Or of.

*Rev 1:1b Or suddenly, or quickly.

*Rev 1:4a Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey.

*Rev 1:4b Greek the seven spirits.

*Rev 1:8 Greek I am the Alpha and the Omega, referring to the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet.

*Rev 1:10 Or in spirit.

*Rev 1:11 Or on a scroll.

*Rev 1:13 Or like a son of man. See Dan 7:13. “Son of Man” is a title Jesus used for himself.

*Rev 1:18 Greek and Hades.

*Rev 1:19 Or what you have seen and what they mean—the things that have already begun to happen.

*Rev 1:20 Or the messengers.