83 Minutes

2mg of Lorazepam would not typically cause a cardiac arrest in an adult male. It would typically cause respiratory depression to which the doctor would report that the patient is not breathing well.
TMZ.com was a news site backed by Time Warner. It was launched in December 2005 as a joint venture between Telepictures Productions, a division of Warner Brothers, and AOL, which are both divisions of Time Warner. The name TMZ stands for ‘thirty mile zone’ – a 1960s Hollywood studio reference to location filming that has come to mean the area of Los Angeles most thickly populated with celebrities.
Flomax is usually used for urinary problems in someone who has an enlarged prostate. The drug assists those who go to the toilet frequently as it relaxes the urinary muscle. During the autopsy on Jackson, it was revealed that he was suffering from an enlarged prostate that would have made it difficult for him to urinate. When treating Jackson, Murray used both a condom catheter on the singer’s penis and incontinence sheets on his bed. Murray alluded to the singer suffering from incontinence, but an enlarged prostate would create the opposite of incontinence and make it harder for Jackson to urinate. Therefore, the condom catheter and incontinence sheets must have been used when the singer was sleeping under the influence of anaesthetic and unable to control his urinary movements.
Doctors say that people can normally survive for up to four minutes after they stop breathing. After four minutes they are likely to suffer permanent brain damage even if they do survive. If a person loses their pulse for more than six minutes and then requires more than 15 minutes of CPR to regain an adequate pulse, then there’s very little chance of meaningful recovery according to Romergryko Geocadin, Director of the Neurosciences Critical Care Unit at John Hopkins Bayview. He says, ‘By the time an ambulance arrives and paramedics use a defibrillator, most of those who are initially resuscitated will die in the hospital or remain in a vegetative state. Of the less than 20% of people who are successfully resuscitated, less than 10% recover their full cognitive abilities.’ The odds were stacked against Jackson, even in hospital. Hopkins Medicine, Spring/Summer 2009.
Randy Phillips was actually in Westwood at the dry cleaners when he received the call from Frank Dileo.
Vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone, which is responsible for regulating plasma osmolality and volume. It has become increasingly important in the critical care environment in the management of, amongst other conditions, cardiac arrest. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain to control circadian rhythm, thermoregulation and adrenocorticotrophic hormone release.
Dr Cooper confirmed that in her experience as a medical doctor, she had never been involved in, witnessed or been present in a situation where a medical doctor administered Propofol in a home setting.
During the trial into Jackson’s death, Dr Cooper revealed that she had been trained to give a certain amount of Propofol for procedural sedation. She described how she typically starts with a dose of 1mg per kg weight of the patient and that dose is usually sufficient, so based on those calculations, someone weighing approximately 136lbs (60kg), as Jackson did at the time of his death, a 60mg dose would be sufficient for procedural sedation. Upon further questioning, Dr Cooper stated that, hypothetically, she would expect 60mg of Propofol in Jackson to sedate him for about 10–20 minutes. When pressed by DA Walgren as to whether a dose of 25mg of Propofol given to Jackson between 10:40am and 10:50am would or would not produce breathing problems in the singer at 12:00pm, she said, ‘I wouldn’t know why one would be using a medicine that is used to produce deep sedation and not give a dose that is sedating. 25mg, I wouldn’t expect to have that effect.’ She continued, ‘If you give Propofol and you give an additional medicine that produces sedation, a benzodiazepine, or if you are giving narcotic medications, sometimes we do when we are doing procedural sedation, we commonly do that, you can have deeper levels of sedation than you anticipate.’ She would later say that if she had known about the benzodiazepines and Propofol that Murray had given to Jackson it would have given her a clearer indication of what had occurred given her knowledge of the interactive effects of the drugs.
ABC News, ‘Conrad Murray Told Medics That He Was Treating MJ For Dehydration’ by Jim Avila, Bryan Lavietes, Kaitlyn Folmer & Jessica Hopper, 30 September 2011.
In the 27 March 2010 Joseph Jackson v. Conrad Murray legal proceedings, Joe Jackson claimed, ‘At 13:21 hours or 1:21pm, the nurses and physicians at UCLA detected a weak femoral pulse and cardiac activity for Michael Jackson. At 13:22 hours he showed cardiac activity. At 13:33 he showed a weak ventricular rhythm (contracting of the lower heart chambers). Dr Cooper reported that when Michael Jackson was intubated with an endotrachial tube he had good breath sounds and ‘The initial cardiac rhythm appeared to be wide and slow in the 40s’. At 13:52 or 1:52pm he had a pulse of 53 beats per minute, with a MAE complex (major arrhythmic event).’
Travis Payne recalled talking to Kenny Ortega on the phone as he was making his way down Sunset Boulevard on the afternoon of 25 June when news was beginning to emerge on the radio and Ortega said to Payne ‘You know how that goes – you know how the media is’. MTV News, ‘Michael Jackson’s This Is It Crew On His Last Days’ by Jocelyn Vena, 27 October 2009.
MTV News, ‘Michael Jackson’s This Is It Crew On His Last Days’ by Jocelyn Vena, 27 October 2009.
Dr Adrian Kantrowitz introduced the intra-aortic balloon-pump in the late 1960s and it has since become the most widely used form of mechanical circulatory support. It consists of a polyethylene balloon mounted on a catheter, which is generally inserted into the aorta, the main artery in the human body originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, through a femoral artery in the leg. The balloon inflates and deflates within the aorta to increase blood flow through a combination of a vacuum effect and retrograde flow. These actions combine to decrease myocardial oxygen demand and increase myocardial oxygen supply (Texas Heart Institute).
A balloon-pump will not reverse the effects of the drugs, it will only help the heart to function better in these circumstances. Balloon-pumps are rarely used when there is no sign of a pulse. Balloon-pumps do not make the heart beat but, instead, allow a beating heart to work less by giving it a break by assuming its workload briefly. Therefore, it appears there was no reason to use the balloon-pump in this instance, as there was no sign of a pulse, except to pacify Murray’s request to ‘not give up easily’.
Michael Jackson’s father, Joe, didn’t attend the hospital at the time of his son’s death as he was in another US State.
Jocelyn Vena, ‘Michael Jackson’s “This Is It” Crew On His Last Days’, MTV News, 27 October 2009.
In his testimony at the People v. Conrad Murray trial, Amir Williams said, ‘I knew we couldn’t go back to the house. I’m not a detective, but I knew that is something we couldn’t do.’
Despite allegations that Joe Jackson beat Michael, the strained relationship between them and the papers running headlines such as ‘Joe Jackson “No Longer a Part of the Family”’, New York Post, 31 August 2014; Bill Whitfield, co-author of the book Remember The Time wrote about Joe Jackson, ‘That was another thing Grace [Rwaramba] said that stuck with me. She said the only person who never stole from Michael Jackson was his father’.
Jermaine’s statement caused much speculation about Michael Jackson’s religion at the time of his death with the inclusion of his phrase, ‘May Allah be with you’. The New York Times published Jermaine’s final statement as, ‘May our love be with you always’ on 26 June 2009. A day later it acknowledged that it had misreported the statement. Zahed Amanullah wrote in an obituary at altmuslim.com that, with those words, ‘… Michael’s association with Islam and Muslims, wanted or not, was made eternal.’
Perez Hilton is a showbiz gossip blogger whose real name is Mario Lavandeira. On 25 June, when reports of Jackson being rushed to hospital began to emerge, Hilton suggested it was a publicity stunt. ‘Supposedly, the singer went into cardiac arrest. We are dubious! Either he’s lying or making himself sick,’ Hilton wrote on his blog before imploring ticket holders to, ‘get your money back!’ Reacting angrily to this, Jackson fans and other bloggers responded quickly on other websites with messages such as, ‘That guy is seriously sick in the head. He does more harm than good and he needs to get off the Internet now.’
Less than two hours after Madonna’s statement was released, one of her business partners, Guy O’Seary released a claim of his own on Twitter stating Madonna intended to make an appearance at one of Jackson’s O2 shows in London.
OK! Magazine alone paid $500,000 for the photo.
Anita Singh, ‘Michael Jackson’s Weird & Wonderful Life’, The Telegraph, 26 June 2009.
Susan Donaldson James, ‘Friend Says Michael Jackson Battled Demerol Addiction’, ABC News, 26 June 2009.
Jessica Mulvihill Moran and Karlie Poulit, ‘Demerol: Did It Cause Michael Jackson’s Death?’, Fox News, 26 June 2009.