USADA: United States Anti-Doping Agency—the government-funded nonprofit based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, that oversees anti-doping efforts in Olympic sports in the United States.
UCI: Union Cycliste Internationale (or International Cycling Union)—the sport’s governing body, in Aigle, Switzerland. It’s set up to promote cycling as a sport but also responsible for the sport’s anti-doping policy.
Betsy Andreu: Opinionated, feisty wife of Frankie Andreu and a stay-at-home mother to three kids in Dearborn, Michigan.
Frankie Andreu: Michigan-born Motorola cyclist with a lanky build and a cranky disposition. Andreu lived with Lance in Como, Italy, and became road captain on the US Postal team in 1999.
Kristin Richard Armstrong: Career-minded public-relations woman from a wealthy family; met Lance in 1997 in Austin, Texas, shortly after he finished his chemotherapy. After they married in 1998, she quit working to raise their son and twin daughters, living in the French Riviera and Girona, Spain. They divorced in 2003.
Terry Keith Armstrong: Lance’s stepfather; Armstrong adopted Lance soon after marrying Linda Mooneyham in 1974.
Dr. Arnie Baker: Floyd Landis’s cycling coach and supporter, and a retired San Diego physician.
Michael Ball: Former track cyclist and Los Angeles fashion mogul; founded, owned, and sponsored Rock Racing in 2007. Ball was targeted by FDA special agent Jeff Novitzky in his investigation into the use of performance-enhancing drugs in cycling.
Michael Barry: Lance’s teammate from 2002 to 2005; had intimate knowledge of the doping era. Barry wrote a firsthand account of his career with Lance (Inside the Postal Bus) without mentioning the doping on the team.
William “Bill” Bock III: USADA’s general counsel; a soft-spoken attorney born in Texas and raised in Indiana. Bock represented athletes for years and became the lead attorney for the US Anti-Doping Agency in 2007.
Edward “Eddie B” Borysewicz: Gruff cycling coach who emigrated from Poland to the United States, bringing Eastern Bloc tactics to America and coaching Greg LeMond and Lance Armstrong, among others. Borysewicz convinced eighteen-year-old Lance to join Subaru-Montgomery in 1990, giving Lance his first cycling contract.
Johan Bruyneel: Belgium-born former road racer who became the US Postal Service team boss and oversaw operations, with Lance’s input, on Postal, Discovery Channel, Astana, and RadioShack-Nissan teams.
Chris Carmichael: Coach of the US junior national cycling team, who recruited Lance to the team in 1991 and eventually made a name for himself as Lance’s cycling coach.
Edward Coyle: University of Texas researcher who studied Lance in a sports lab from 1992 to 1999. His findings that Lance had become a more efficient cyclist post-cancer, with a naturally higher VO2 max than the average male, were widely reported by the media as fact. He admitted in 2008 to a “minor error” in his calculations.
Rick Crawford: One of Lance’s first (unpaid) cycling coaches and a mentor; became a Dallas-based pro triathlete in 1985.
Sheryl Crow: Missouri-born musician and songwriter who began a relationship with Lance in 2003 and became engaged to him in 2005. They broke up before a planned wedding in 2006.
Mark Fabiani: Lance’s crisis management consultant and media point man, hired in 2010; a slick-haired Harvard Law grad who became known as the Master of Disaster when he served as special counsel to President Clinton during the Whitewater investigations in the early 1990s.
Dr. Michele Ferrari: An Italian sports doctor and mathematician; caused a scandal in a 1994 interview by saying erythropoietin (EPO) was no more dangerous than orange juice. Ferrari became Lance’s personal trainer in 1995.
Jeffrey C. Garvey: Founding chairman of the Lance Armstrong Foundation and cofounder of Austin Ventures.
Mark Gorski: General manager of the US Postal Service team and one of the owners of Tailwind Sports, which owned and managed Postal. Gorski first achieved fame after winning gold in the 1984 Olympics in track cycling.
Edward “Eddie” Gunderson: Lance’s free-spirited biological father, who divorced Linda in 1973, when Lance was two, after a turbulent and abusive relationship.
Tyler Hamilton: Lance’s teammate on the US Postal Service team; won a gold medal at the 2004 Olympics but received suspensions and bans from cycling after testing positive for EPO. He admitted to doping before a grand jury in 2010.
Robert “Bob” Hamman: Founder of SCA Promotions, which insured Tailwind Sports against some of Lance’s bonuses for winning the Tour de France.
Anna Hansen: Lance’s girlfriend since 2008 and the mother of his two youngest children, Olivia Marie and Maxwell Edward.
Timothy Herman: Head of Lance’s legal defense team, who started filing lawsuits on Lance’s behalf in 2004.
George Hincapie: Lance’s New York City–born domestique and teammate first on Motorola, then on the US Postal Service, and later on the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. Relocated to Greenville, South Carolina.
Steve Johnson: President and CEO of USA Cycling; a former teammate of Lance’s on Subaru-Montgomery and a friend of Thomas Weisel.
Linda Mooneyham Armstrong Kelly: Lance’s mother, a New Orleans–born, Dallas-raised, high school dropout who gave birth to Lance at age seventeen.
Bart Knaggs: Lance’s business manager and co-owner of Lance’s bike store, Mellow Johnny’s, and a partner at Capital Sports & Entertainment. Knaggs is also a former cyclist and Lance’s friend and riding buddy in Austin.
John Korioth: Cofounder of the Lance Armstrong Foundation and best man at Lance’s wedding to Kristin Richard Armstrong.
Floyd Landis: Winner of the 2006 Tour de France; later admitted to doping and was stripped of his title. A thin, ginger-haired pro cyclist; raised as a Mennonite; became Lance’s friend and protégé when riding for the US Postal Service team from 2002 to 2004 but moved to the rival Phonak team in 2005.
Levi Leipheimer: Lance’s teammate on the US Postal Service team from 2000 to 2001 who rode again with Lance on Astana and Team RadioShack following Lance’s second cycling comeback.
Greg LeMond: First American winner of the Tour de France; won the Tour three times before retiring from pro racing in 1994.
Robert Luskin: A veteran white-collar defense lawyer and member of Lance’s defense team; a key player in Lance’s attack on USADA.
Stephanie McIlvain: Oakley’s cycling representative and a longtime friend of Lance’s.
John Thomas “J.T.” Neal: Eccentric and caring mentor; friend and landlord to Lance in Austin, Texas, and his unpaid personal masseur; tended to Lance’s affairs in the United States while Lance competed in Europe.
Jeff Novitzky: A special agent at the Food and Drug Administration; investigated doping in professional sports, including cycling; formerly worked as an IRS special agent.
Jim “Och” Ochowicz: Founder, general manager, and coach of two American teams: 7-Eleven, then Motorola, both managed by the South Club Inc.; godfather to Lance’s firstborn child, Luke.
William “Bill” J. Stapleton III: Lance’s agent and longtime confidant; a black-haired, broad-faced former Olympic swimmer.
Travis Tygart: Florida-born CEO of USADA, who was previously its director of legal affairs.
Christian Vande Velde: Teammate on Lance’s 1999 and 2001 Tour de France teams; also worked with Michele Ferrari.
Jonathan Vaughters: US Postal Service teammate of Lance’s who doped while riding with Lance; later became a team manager, most recently for the Garmin-Sharp team.
Hein Verbruggen: Dutchman who was president of the UCI from 1991 until 2005, then became UCI’s “honorary president,” remaining on its management committee.
David Walsh: Irish sports journalist who is chief sports writer of the British newspaper The Sunday Times.
Thomas W. Weisel: Creator of the Subaru-Montgomery team and founder of Tailwind Sports, which managed the Postal Service team; an übercompetitive alpha male with expensive homes in Ross, California, and Maui; headed the San Francisco investment firm Montgomery Securities for nearly two decades.
Paul Willerton: Illinois-born cyclist who rode with Lance as an amateur in the early 1990s during two world championship road races; turned pro in 1991 with Greg LeMond’s Team Z.
David “Tiger” Williams: Part owner of Tailwind Sports and friend of Floyd Landis. Williams is an avid cycling enthusiast and founder of Williams Trading, LLC.
Dave Zabriskie: Teammate of Lance’s on the US Postal Service team who looked up to team boss Johan Bruyneel.