Chapter 1: The Caddie and the CEO
1. Arthur Daley, “Sports of the Times; Pride of the Lions,” New York Times, November 22, 1961.
2. “300 Attend Testimonial for Columbia’s Eleven,” New York Times, December 20, 1961.
3. Photograph courtesy of Columbia University Athletics.
4. Photograph courtesy of Columbia University Athletics.
5. George Vecsey, “From Morningside Heights to Silicon Valley,” New York Times, September 5, 2009.
6. Charles Butler, “The Coach of Silicon Valley,” Columbia College Today, May 2005.
7. P. Frost, J. E. Dutton, S. Maitlis, J. Lilius, J. Kanov, and M. Worline, “Seeing Organizations Differently: Three Lenses on Compassion,” in The SAGE Handbook of Organization Studies, 2nd ed., eds. S. Clegg, C. Hardy, T. Lawrence, and W. Nord (London: Sage Publications, 2006), 843–66.
8. Butler, “The Coach of Silicon Valley.”
9. Michael Hiltzik, “A Reminder That Apple’s ‘1984’ Ad Is the Only Great Super Bowl Commercial Ever—and It’s Now 33 Years Old,” Los Angeles Times, January 31, 2017.
10. Michael P. Leiter and Christina Maslach, “Areas of Worklife: A Structured Approach to Organizational Predictors of Job Burnout,” Research in Occupational Stress and Well Being (January 2004), 3:91–134.
11. On the negative effects of power struggles, see L. L. Greer, Lisanne Van Bunderen, and Siyu Yu, “The Dysfunctions of Power in Teams: A Review and Emergent Conflict Perspective,” Research in Organizational Behavior 37 (2017): 103–24.
On how status conflicts hurt teams: Corinne Bendersky and Nicholas A. Hays, “Status Conflict in Groups,” Organization Science 23, no. 2 (March 2012): 323–40.
12. D. S. Wilson, E. Ostrom, and M. E. Cox, “Generalizing the Core Design Principles for the Efficacy of Groups,” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 90, Supplement (June 2013): S21–S32.
13. Nathanael J. Fast, Ethan R. Burris, and Caroline A. Bartel, “Insecure Managers Don’t Want Your Suggestions,” Harvard Business Review, November 24, 2014.
14. Saul W. Brown and Anthony M. Grant, “From GROW to GROUP: Theoretical Issues and a Practical Model for Group Coaching in Organisations,” Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice 3, no. 1 (2010): 30–45.
15. Steven Graham, John Wedman, and Barbara Garvin-Kester, “Manager Coaching Skills: What Makes a Good Coach,” Performance Improvement Quarterly 7, no. 2 (1994): 81–94.
16. Richard K. Ladyshewsky, “The Manager as Coach as a Driver of Organizational Development,” Leadership & Organization Development Journal 31, no. 4 (2010): 292–306.
Chapter 2: Your Title Makes You a Manager. Your People Make You a Leader.
1. Fariborz Damanpour, “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators,” Academy of Management Journal 34, no. 3 (September 1991): 555–90; Brian Uzzi and Jarrett Spiro, “Collaboration and Creativity: The Small World Problem,” American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 2 (September 2005): 447–504.
2. Nicholas Bloom, Erik Brynjolfsson, Lucia Foster, Ron S. Jarmin, Megha Patnaik, Itay Saporta-Eksten, and John Van Reenen, “What Drives Differences in Management,” Centre for Economic Performance Research discussion paper, No. DP11995 (April 2017).
3. Ethan Mollick, “People and Process, Suits and Innovators: The Role of Individuals in Firm Performance,” Strategic Management Journal 33, no. 9 (January 2012): 1001–15.
4. Linda A. Hill, “Becoming the Boss,” Harvard Business Review, January 2007.
5. Mark Van Vugt, Sarah F. Jepson, Claire M. Hart, and David De Cremer, “Autocratic Leadership in Social Dilemmas: A Threat to Group Stability,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40, no. 1 (January 2004), 1–13.
6. Nicholas Carlson, “The 10 Most Terrible Tyrants of Tech,” Gawker. August 12, 2008, http://gawker.com/5033422/the-10-most-terrible-tyrants-of-tech.
7. Jeffrey Pfeffer and John F. Veiga, “Putting People First for Organizational Success,” Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 12 (May 1999): 37–48.
8. Steven Postrel, “Islands of Shared Knowledge: Specialization and Mutual Understanding in Problem-Solving Teams,” Organization Science 13, no. 3 (May 2002): 303–20.
9. Jerry Kaplan, Startup: A Silicon Valley Adventure (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1994), 198.
10. Joseph A. Allen and Steven G. Rogelberg, “Manager-Led Group Meetings: A Context for Promoting Employee Engagement,” Group & Organization Management 38, no. 5 (September 2013): 543–69.
11. Jennifer L. Geimer, Desmond J. Leach, Justin A. DeSimone, Steven G. Rogelberg, and Peter B. Warr, “Meetings at Work: Perceived Effectiveness and Recommended Improvements,” Journal of Business Research 68, no. 9 (September 2015): 2015–26.
12. Matthias R. Mehl, Simine Vazire, Shannon E. Hollenen, and C. Shelby Clark, “Eavesdropping on Happiness: Well-being Is Related to Having Less Small Talk and More Substantive Conversations,” Psychological Science 21, no. 4 (April 2010): 539–41.
13. A deeper look at empowering opposing parties in mediation can be found in this article: Robert A. Baruch Bush, “Efficiency and Protection, or Empowerment and Recognition?: The Mediator’s Role and Ethical Standards in Mediation,” University of Florida Law Review 41, no. 253 (1989).
14. Kristin J. Behfar, Randall S. Peterson, Elizabeth A. Mannix, and William M. K. Trochim, “The Critical Role of Conflict Resolution in Teams: A Close Look at the Links Between Conflict Type, Conflict Management Strategies, and Team Outcomes,” Journal of Applied Psychology 93, no. 1 (2008): 170–88.
15. James K. Esser, “Alive and Well After 25 Years: A Review of Groupthink Research,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 73, nos. 2–3 (March 1998): 116–41.
16. Ming-Hong Tsai and Corinne Bendersky, “The Pursuit of Information Sharing: Expressing Task Conflicts as Debates vs. Disagreements Increases Perceived Receptivity to Dissenting Opinions in Groups,” Organization Science 27, no. 1 (January 2016): 141–56.
17. Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries, “How to Manage a Narcissist,” Harvard Business Review, May 10, 2017.
18. Amy B. Brunell, William A. Gentry, W. Keith Campbell, Brian J. Hoffman, Karl W. Kuhnert, and Kenneth G. DeMarree, “Leader Emergence: The Case of the Narcissistic Leader,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34, no. 12 (October 2008): 1663–76.
19. Henry C. Lucas, The Search for Survival: Lessons from Disruptive Technologies (New York: ABC-CLIO, 2012), 16.
20. Thomas Wedell-Wedellsborg, “Are You Solving the Right Problems?,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 2017.
21. Manuela Richter, Cornelius J. König, Marlene Geiger, Svenja Schieren, Jan Lothschütz, and Yannik Zobel, “‘Just a Little Respect’: Effects of a Layoff Agent’s Actions on Employees’ Reactions to a Dismissal Notification Meeting,” Journal of Business Ethics (October 2016): 1–21.
22. Ben Horowitz, Hard Thing About Hard Things (New York: Harper Business, 2014), 79.
23. Benjamin E. Hermalin and Michael S. Weisbach, “Board of Directors as an Endogenously Determined Institution: A Survey of the Economic Literature,” FRBNY Economic Policy Review 9, no. 1 (April 2003): 7–26.
24. Jeffrey A. Sonnenfeld, “What Makes Great Boards Great,” Harvard Business Review, September 2002.
Chapter 3: Build an Envelope of Trust
1. Denise M. Rousseau, Sim B. Sitkin, Ronald S. Burt, and Colin Camerer, “Not So Different After All: A Cross-Discipline View of Trust,” Academy of Management Review 23, no. 3 (1998): 393–404.
2. Tony L. Simons and Randall S. Peterson, “Task Conflict and Relationship Conflict in Top Management Teams: The Pivotal Role of Intragroup Trust,” Journal of Applied Psychology 85, no. 1 (February 2000): 102–11.
3. Alan M. Webber, “Red Auerbach on Management,” Harvard Business Review, March 1987.
4. Amy Edmondson, “Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams,” Administrative Science Quarterly 44, no. 2 (June 1999): 350–83.
5. Suzanne J. Peterson, Benjamin M. Galvin, and Donald Lange, “CEO Servant Leadership: Exploring Executive Characteristics and Firm Performance,” Personnel Psychology 65, no. 3 (August 2012): 565–96.
6. Carl Rogers and Richard E. Farson, Active Listening (Chicago: University of Chicago Industrial Relations Center, 1957).
7. Andy Serwer, “Gamechangers: Legendary Basketball Coach John Wooden and Starbucks’ Howard Schultz Talk About a Common Interest: Leadership,” Fortune, August 11, 2008.
8. Jack Zenger and Joseph Folkman, “What Great Listeners Actually Do,” Harvard Business Review, July 14, 2016.
9. Kaplan, Startup, 199–200.
10. Mats Alvesson and Stefan Sveningsson, “Managers Doing Leadership: The Extra-Ordinarization of the Mundane,” Human Relations 56, no. 12 (December 2003): 1435–59.
11. Niels Van Quaquebeke and Will Felps, “Respectful Inquiry: A Motivational Account of Leading Through Asking Questions and Listening,” Academy of Management Review 43, no. 1 (July 2016): 5–27.
12. Ron Carucci, “How to Use Radical Candor to Drive Great Results,” Forbes, March 14, 2017.
13. Fred Walumbwa, Bruce Avolio, William Gardner, Tara Wernsing, and Suzanne Peterson, “Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure,” Journal of Management 34, no. 1 (February 2008): 89–126.
14. Rachel Clapp-Smith, Gretchen Vogelgesang, and James Avey, “Authentic Leadership and Positive Psychological Capital: The Mediating Role of Trust at the Group Level of Analysis,” Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies 15, no. 3 (February 2009): 227–40.
15. Erik de Haan, Vicki Culpin, and Judy Curd, “Executive Coaching in Practice: What Determines Helpfulness for Clients of Coaching?” Personnel Review 40, no. 1 (2011): 24–44.
16. Y. Joel Wong, “The Psychology of Encouragement: Theory, Research, and Applications,” Counseling Psychologist 43, no. 2 (2015): 178–216.
Chapter 4: Team First
1. Charles Darwin, Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (London: J. Murray, 1871), 166.
2. James W. Pennebaker, The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say About Us (New York: Bloomsbury, 2011).
3. Carol S. Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (New York: Random House, 2006), 7.
4. Daniel J. McAllister, “Affect- and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations,” Academy of Management Journal 38, no. 1 (1995): 24–59.
5. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Diversity in High Tech, May 2016; Elena Sigacheva, Quantifying the Gender Gap in Technology, Entelo, March 8, 2018, blog.entelo.com.
6. Anita Williams Woolley, Christopher F. Chabris, Alex Pentland, Nada Hashmi, and Thomas W. Malone, “Evidence for a Collective Intelligence Factor in the Performance of Human Groups,” Science 330, no. 6004 (October 2010): 686–88.
7. Laura Sherbin and Ripa Rashid, “Diversity Doesn’t Stick Without Inclusion,” Harvard Business Review, February 1, 2017.
8. A good exploration of these two approaches to coping with “stressors” can be found here: Charles S. Carver, Michael F. Scheier, and Jagdish Kumari Weintraub, “Assessing Coping Strategies: A Theoretically Based Approach,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56, no. 2 (February 1989): 267–83.
9. Alice M. Isen, Kimberly A. Daubman, and Gary P. Nowicki, “Positive Affect Facilitates Creative Problem Solving,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52, no. 6 (June 1987): 1122–31.
10. Kaplan, Startup, 254.
11. Walter F. Baile, Robert Buckman, Renato Lenzi, Gary Glober, Estela A. Beale, and Andrzej P. Kudelka, “SPIKES—A Six-Step Protocol for Delivering Bad News: Application to the Patient with Cancer,” Oncologist 5, no. 4 (August 2000): 302–11.
12. John Gerzema and Michael D’Antonio, The Athena Doctrine: How Women (and the Men Who Think Like Them) Will Rule the Future (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2013).
Chapter 5: The Power of Love
1. Nicolas O. Kervyn, Charles M. Judd, and Vincent Y. Yzerbyt, “You Want to Appear Competent? Be Mean! You Want to Appear Sociable? Be Lazy! Group Differentiation and the Compensation Effect,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, no. 2 (February 2009): 363–67.
2. Kaplan, Startup, 42.
3. Sigal G. Barsade and Olivia A. O’Neill, “What’s Love Got to Do with It? A Longitudinal Study of the Culture of Companionate Love and Employee and Client Outcomes in a Long-term Care Setting,” Administrative Science Quarterly 59, no. 4 (November 2014): 551–98.
4. Suzanne Taylor, Kathy Schroeder, and John Doerr, Inside Intuit: How the Makers of Quicken Beat Microsoft and Revolutionized an Entire Industry (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2003), 231.
5. Jason M. Kanov, Sally Maitlis, Monica C. Worline, Jane E. Dutton, Peter J. Frost, and Jacoba M. Lilius, “Compassion in Organizational Life,” American Behavioral Scientist 47, no. 6 (February 2004): 808–27.
6. This 1999 paper from Duke University explores the concept of social capital in depth: Nan Lin, “Building a Network Theory of Social Capital,” Connections 22, no. 1 (1999): 28–51.
7. Adam Grant, Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success (New York: Penguin Books, 2013), 264–65.
8. Adam Grant and Reb Rebele, “Beat Generosity Burnout,” Harvard Business Review, January 2017.
9. Brad Stone, The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon (New York: Little, Brown, 2013).
Chapter 6: The Yardstick
1. Fiona Lee and Larissa Z. Tiedens, “Is It Lonely at the Top? The Independence and Interdependence of Power Holders,” Research in Organizational Behavior 23 (2001): 43–91.