The Shah of Iran was both king and emperor of Iran. During the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty Iran was formally recognized in the international realm as the “Empire of Iran.” The formal title of Iran’s Shahanshah, or King of Kings, was “Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi,” which is translated as “Mohammad Reza, the Pahlavi king.” In his diaries, Imperial Court Minister Asadollah Alam simply referred to the Shah as “HIM” or “His Imperial Majesty.” It was the same with the Shahbanou, a title that translates as the “Shah’s Lady.” Farah Pahlavi was both queen and empress, the later title granted after the couple’s joint coronation in 1967. Asadollah Alam referred to her in his diaries as “HMQ” or “Her Majesty the Queen,” and the Shah usually referred to his wife as “the Queen.” In domestic and foreign media Farah’s titles, like her husband’s, tended to be interchangeable.