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Abraham, 57, 134
acanthus leaves, 78, 118, 178, 183
Adam and Eve, 29, 134, 138–139, 228
Advent, 59
Agatha, St., 172, 234–235, 243, n. 74 p. 290
Agnes, St., 8–9, 22–23, 47–48, 71, 73–74, 76, 78, 79, 89, 96–98,100,101, 102–103,104,138–139,140,158–159, 161,165,166,167, 171, 192, 193, 202, 205, 208, 210–211, 211–213, 236, 239–240, 245, 247–249, 249–252, 257–258, 260, 261–262, n. 14 p. 266, n. 39 p. 270, n. 27 p. 278. See also passio of Agnes.
aisles, 55–56, 58, 63, 67, 197–198, nn. 33, 35 p. 267
Alexander I, Pope, 202, 205
Alexander IV, Pope, 162, 183
Alexander, Eventius, and Theodulus, Sts., 205–207, n. 11 p. 286
Alleluia, 134, n. 19 p. 275
almond trees, 120; almond blossoms: see menorah; almonds: see mandorla.
alpha and omega, 61, 73, 225
altar, main, in Sant’Agnese’s, 14, 56, 74, 76–77, 79–80, 80–83, 87, 89, 92, 93–94, 227; ninth-century altar, 76, 87, 161; seventh-century altar, 76; fourth-century altar, 22, 122, 208, 211; in Santa Costanza’s, 183–184; in Sant’Alessandro’s 207, 208; altar and chapel of the Saviour in Sant’Agnese’s, 76, 155, 157–158; altar of St. Emerentiana in Sant’Agnese’s, 161–162; altar of the Jerusalem temple, 39; altars of Greek and Roman temples, 34, 66, n. 33 p. 267
ambones, 76, 157
Ambrose, St., 249, 250, 255, n. 2 pp. 276–277, n. 35 pp. 282–283
ambulatory, 56, 187, 190, 197–198, 199
Ammianus Marcellinus, 194–195
anchor, 63
angel, angels, 35, 73, 134, 140, 142, 154, 166, 167, 193, 203, 235, 244, 251
Angelus, n. 73 p. 290
animals, 86, 163, 243, 244, n. 34 p. 270, n. 32 p. 279, n. 11 p. 291. See also lambs.
anointing, 43, n. 10 p. 274
Ansanus, St., 166
Antigone, 247–248
Antony of Egypt, St., 167, 215
Antony of Padua, St., 150, 167–170, 212, n. 45 p. 288
apocalypse, 86–87
Apollonia, St., 172, 244
Apollonius of Tyana, 259
apophatic, kataphatic response, 172
Apostles, 62, 65, 127, n. 27 p. 275
apse, 19, 30, 54, 56, 64, 68, 73, 74, 77, 96–98, 101–104, 158, 200–201, 227. See also mosaics.
arch, arches, 54, 67, 73, 90, 123–124, 178, 188
Arch of Titus, Rome, 41–42, 70
archbishops, 119; archbishop of Canterbury, 115, 119
arcosolium, 90
area, metaphorical, 59–61, 187–188
Aristotle, 12, 13
Ark of the Covenant, 37–42, 59, 82, 135
Armellini, Mariano, 160, 207–208
aspergillum, 130
attention, 8, 12, 14–15, 143, 148, 230, n. 38 p. 276
attributes of saints, 71–72, 79, 85, 98, 137–138, 139, 140, 144, 145, 153, 157–158, 162, 165, 166, 170, 232, 234, 235, 243, 244, 257, 260–261, n. 10 p. 291
augury, 32–33
Augustine, St., 93, 152–154, 254, 260, n. 2 pp. 276–277
Augustinian order, 153, 167, 174. See also Canons Regular of the Lateran.
Augustus, Emperor, 22
Aurelian, Emperor, 237, 243. See also walls.
aureole, see halo, mandorla.
axis mundi, 95, 129, 135
bacini, 233, 234–235
balustrades, 71, 77–78, 80
baptism, 14, 28, 127–130, 132–133, 189–191; of Jesus, 94; of blood, 159, 190; of desire, 159; “baptizing” the bells, 231
baptistery, 52, 128–129, 130, 189–191, 201
Barbara, 172, 243
basilica, 54–56, 65–66, 68, 206–207. See also cemetery basilicas.
baths, Roman, 55, 188–189, 229, n. 31 p. 282
bees, 133–134
bells, 134, 228–232; bell towers, 7, 227, 230, 232–234, nn. 62, 65, 67 p. 289, n. 69 p. 290
Benedict, St., n. 45 p. 268
Benedictine order, 121, 162, 174, 234
Bentvogels, 184
Bernadette Soubirous, St., 141–142, 143
Bernard of Clairvaux, St., 146, 159, n. 31 p. 282
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 90
Bersaglieri, 202, 204–205; Museo Storico dei Bersaglieri, 204–205
Bethlehem, 186
Bibiana, St., 172, 243
Bible, 14, 35–44. See also Gospels; New Testament; Old Testament; psalms,
birds, 181, 187. See also doves, Holy Spirit.
bishop, bishops, 86, 152–153, n. 4 p. 277; bishop of Rome: see pope,
blue, 138, 139–140
body, 135; shape of, 15, 32, 84, 196; bodiliness, 148–149, 223. See also Incarnation; relics.
Bollandists, n. 43 p. 283
Bonaventure, St., 146
Boniface I, Pope, 191
Boniface IV, Pope, 123
Bosio, Antonio, n. 56 p. 284, n. 16 p. 286
boundaries, literal and metaphorical, 33, 41, 44, 128, 129, 186, 222
brandea, 207, 216, 219
Bregno, Andrea, and school, 157
bricks, 20, 55, 182, 233, n. 14 p. 264
Buddhists, 229, 230
Busiri Vici, Andrea, 165
Byzantine art, 68, 97, 101; Byzantine costume, 97–98, n. 39 p. 268
Byzantium (Constantinople, Istanbul), 54, 110
Cadorna, Raffaele, General, 202, 204
Caesarius of Arles, St., 153
Calixtus II, Pope, 240
Candida, St., 172, 244
candles, 78–79, 129, 135, 149–150, 221. See also paschal candle.
candlestick, candlesticks, 78, 144, 166, 183
canonization, 241–242
canonry, 69, 71, 76, 152, 161–162, 164–165, 174
Canons Regular of the Lateran, 152–153, 155, 157, 174, n. 3 p. 277
canopy, 56, 74, 89–90
capitals, 64–65, 68–70, 178, nn. 41, 43 p. 268
Capitoline Museum, Rome, 22, n. 20 p. 262
cardinals, 77, 207–208, n. 12 p. 269
Carthusian order, 146
caryatids, 65, 183, n. 27 p. 267
catacomb of St. Agnes, 8, 20, 23–25, 27, 50, 154, 196, 199, 213–214, 217, 224–227, n. 3 pp. 265–266, n. 29 p. 282, nn. 55, 58 p. 289
catacombs, 8, 48–52, 87–88, 90, 1.02, 104, 159–160, 185, 200, 201, 203, 217–218, n. 63 p. 289; of S. Alessandro, 206, 213; of S. Valentino, 217. See also Coemeterium Maius
catechumens, 28, 135, 159
Catharism, 168, n. 39 p. 279
catharsis, 12
Catherine Labouré, St., 140, 142, 145
Catherine of Alexandria, 172, 244, n. 45 p. 268
Catherine of Siena, St., 84
Cecilia, St., 72, 172, 243
ceiling, 71–72, 166
celibacy, 192, 193, 244, 254–256
cemetery basilicas, 197–201, 210
Centcelles, Tarragona, Spain, n. 14 p. 281
centre, 91,146, 177–178, 187–188
chair for celebrant, 77, 174
chalice, 74, 157
chapel, chapels, 56, 79, 218. See also Chapters Six and Seven, passim.
chasubles, 117–118
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 220
Children of Mary, 139–141, 145
chiming, 229
Chi-Rho, 179, 225–226
Christianity, Christians, 16–17, 21, 25–26, 32, 34, 42–46, 50–52, 61–63, 66–67, 82–83, 126, 131, 132, 142, 146, 148–149, 153, 184–185, 208, 209–210, 214–215, 215–216, 218–219, 221, 228–231, 233, 255–257, 261
Christmas, 58. See also crib.
Church, the, 16–17, 36, 65, 86, 111, 125–128, 132, 133–134, 135, 138, 156, 173–174, 209, 233
church buildings, 13, 15, 45–46, 67–68, 125–128, 144, 206; model of church, 116–117. See also round churches; basilica; cemetery basilicas; round temple.
churches (in Rome, unless otherwise specified):
Cathedral of Amiens, France, 60–61
Cathedral of Barcelona, Spain, 231
Cathedral of Chartres, France, 60–61
Cathedral of St. Antony, Padua, n. 45 p. 288
Cathedral of St. Martin, Tours, France, 218
Cathedral of St. Stephen, Sens, France, 231
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, 90, 190
Sainte Chapelle, Paris, n. 46 p. 288
S Agnese fuori le Mura, passim
S Agnese in Agone, 75, 88, 162, 240, n. 27 p. 278, n. 6 p. 291
S Alessandro, on the Via Nomentana outside Rome, 164, 206–207
S Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, 257
S Bernardo alle Terme, n. 31 p. 282
S Cecilia in Trastevere, 53, 72, 120–121, n. 13 p. 269
S Clemente, 53, n. 29 p. 267
S Costanza, 19, 23, Chapter Eight, passim, 204, 226
S Crisogono, 53
S Croce in Gerusalemme, 52
S Damiano, near Assisi, 127–128
S Emerenziana, 85–87, 102
S Giovanni in Laterano, 52, 55, 108, 154, 183, 189–190, n. 29 p. 287
S Lorenzo fuori le Mura, 68, 156–157, 200, 217, 233, n. 39 p. 268
S Maria delle Colonne, Syracuse, n. 33 p. 267
S Maria in Campitelli, 161
S Maria in Trastevere, n. 50 p. 280
S Maria Maggiore, 183
S Maria sopra Minerva, 67, 69
S Pancrazio, 115–116, 217, n. 14 p. 286
S Paolo fuori le Mura, 56–57, 200
S Pietro, Vatican, 53, 75–76, 90, 116, 119, n. 20 p. 282
S Pietro in Vincoli, 161, 232, n. 40 p. 287
S Prassede, 244
S Sebastiano, 199, 217, n. 63 p. 289
S Stefano Rotondo, 190
S Susanna, 244
SS Giovanni e Paolo, n. 45 p. 283
SS Marcellino e Pietro, 199–200
SS Quattro Coronati, 233, n. 43 p. 288
SS Rufina e Seconda, 243
SS Vincenzo e Anastasio, at Tre Fontane, Rome, 116, 120, n. 40 p. 273
ciborium, 56, 72, 74, 76–77, 81–82, 92–95, 157, 207, 227
circle, 30, 82, 86, 90–92, 102, 123–124, 144, 177–178, 187–188, 238, n. 26 p. 282. See also eight, octagon.
Cistercian order, 146
Cisterna, Eugenio, 162
city versus desert, 214–215, 219
Clement VIII, Pope, 69
clerestory, 55, 67, 182, n. 34 p. 267
cloak, 117–118, 137–138, 139–140, 144, 218, 219
Coemeterium Maius, 8, 87, 160–161, 225, 226
Coemeterium Minus, 8, 87, 225, 226–227
coffering, 71–72
Colosseum, Rome, 70
Columba, St., 172, 243
columns, 23, 39, 40, 55, 64–71, 74, 77, 90, 177–178, 189, 198, 233; Column of Trajan, 22; Column of Marcus Aurelius, 22
Communion, see Eucharist
communion of saints, 86, 171–175, 209, n. 22 p. 292
confession (reconciliation), confessional, 131–132
confessors, n. 27 p. 275
confirmation, 127
congregation, 19, 59, 79–80, 86, 120, 126, 149–150, 164, 165, 173–175
Constans II, Emperor, 113
Constantia, aunt of Constantina, 122, 190, 193, 195
Constantina, daughter of Constantine, 71–72, 122, 159, 172, 177, 181, 190–195
Constantine, Emperor, 52–54, 66, 110, 156, 179, 189, 193, 199–200, nn. 7, 9 p. 266
Constantius II, Emperor, 195
conversion, 59, 132, 214
Cordier, Nicolas, “il Franciosino,” 79, 154
cornerstone, 83, 127
Cosmas and Damian, Sts., 166
cosmatesque work, 21, 57, 76, 157, 174
cosmos, 18, 39–40, 75, 86, 91, 103, 124, n. 18 p. 272; Jewish cosmos, 39–40, 75, 91–94. See also orb’ sphere.
crib: Christmas, 59, 162–164, n. 34 p. 279
cross, 32, 59, 62, 83, 84, 85, 93–95, 123–124, 129, 135, 145, 166, 188, 220, n. 49 p. 288. See also sign of the cross.
crossroads, 32–33
crown, crowns, 30, 72, 82, 85, 102–103, 119, 139, 239, 257; crown of thorns, 121, 145; double crown of Agnes, 237, 250, 252, 255, 256
crucifix, 150, n. 19 p. 267
Crucifixion, the, 19, 44, 57, 112, 124, 136, 149, 190, 208, 256, 259, n. 48 p. 270, n. 40 p. 293
crypt, 50; semi-annular crypt, 116
cube, 39, 74, 82, 91–92
cup, 74, 93, 145. See also chalice, ciborium.
Cupid and Psyche, 165, 209
curtains, 41, 44, 55, 81–82, 116
da Belluno, Ugolino, 85–86
dalmatics, 157, n. 17 p. 277
Damasus I, Pope, 158, 211–213, 241, 249, n. 65 p. 284, n. 28 p. 287
darkness, dimness, 19–21, 23, 27, 28, 261
David, King, 38
deacons, 155–156, n. 18 p. 278. See also dalmatics.
death, 21, 32, 48, 78, 86, 149, 189, 221–222, 248; as “birthday,” as initiation, see dies natalis; initiation as death, 132, 189
dedication of a church, ceremony of, 127
Deichmann, Friedrich Wilhelm, 196–197
della Porta, Giacomo, 75–76
de’Medici, Cardinal Alessandro Ottaviano, 23
de Rossi, Giovanni Battista, 160–161
des Perriers, Guillaume, 157
destiny, 20, 31–32, 62–63, 187–188, n. 11 p. 263
dies natalis, 54, 138, 139, 198, 214
Di Lazzaro, Gabriele, and family, 164
Diocletian, Emperor, 205, 245, n. 38 p. 293
Dionysus, 79, 184, 259
direction, 15, 32, 60–61, 103–104, 188, n. 17 p. 272. See also destiny.
Doctors of the Church, n. 2 pp. 276–277
dome, semidome, 54, 74, 75, 82, 91, 177, 182–183, n. 6 p. 268
Dominican order, 153, 168, n. 6 p. 277
door, doors, 9, 18, 21–22, 39, 56, 61, 64, 73, 84, 117, 177
dove, doves, 74, 86, 94, 102, 104, 129, 145, 154, 181, 189. See also Holy Spirit.
Easter, 29, 57, 92, 133–135, 189–190, 228
Eden, n. 4 p. 264. See also Paradise.
egg, 99–100
eight, octagon, 91–93, 144, 189, n. 35 pp. 282–283
Emerentiana, St., 76, 85–87, 158–162, 166, 172, 190, 218, 244, 261, n. 31 p. 278
enlightenment, see light
entablatures, 67, 68, 178
entasis, 65, 69
epiphany, 9–12, 15, 20–21, 37, 59, 60, 64, 83, 86–87, 92, 93–95, 100, 103, 117, 126, 127, 134, 163, 167, 169, 227, 230, 242, 261, n. 2 p. 263
Epiphany, feast of the, 138, n. 28 p. 175
eternity, 74, 86, 96, 100. See also heavenly Jerusalem.
Eucharist, 14, 44, 45, 59, 74–75, 78, 79, 80–84, 88, 94, 117, 130, 157, 227, 260. See also Mass.
Evangelist, Evangelists, 35–36, 185, signs of four Evangelists, 86, n. 34 p. 270
Eve, see Adam and Eve
exit, 18–19, 21, 27, 126
Exodus, 37–38, 57, 59, 95, n. 18 pp. 266–267
Exsultet, 29, 133–134
eyes, 98, 208, 242–243
Ezekiel, 40, 183, 184, n. 34 p. 270
façade: of Sant’Agnese’s, 18, 117; of Santa Costanza’s, 177
faith, 135, 227
fate, 20, 31–32, 84, 187, n. 31 p. 270
feast, feast day, 54, 71, 72, 119, 120, 138, 175, 198, 235, n. 14 p. 266
fenestrella, 207
fire, 86, 98, 100, 103, 133, 135, 145, 213. See also candle, lamp, light.
fish, 184, 193, n. 42 p. 283; fishermen, 62, n. 17 pp. 281–282
floor, 56–57, 76, 166, 174, 198, 211, n. 16 p. 266. See also stylobate.
Flora, St., 172, 244
flowers, 50, 72, 74, 83, 120, 123, 150, 227. See also lilies; roses.
font, baptismal, 127–129, 134
forgiveness, 124, 130–132,155, 243, 252, n. 22 p. 292
Fortuna/Tyché, 239, 240
fossores, 24, 225, n. 57 p. 289
fountain, 29, 39, 135
four, 188. See also cube; square.
Francis of Assisi, St., 127, 162–163, 168, 249
Franciscan order, 58, 167–168, n. 6 p. 277, n. 38 p. 279
frescoes, 117, 143–144, 161–162, 165–166, 171, 182, 225, 242, n. 29 p. 282
fruit, 123, 181, 187, 261. See also grapes, pomegranates.
funerals, 50, 104–105, 135, 197–198; funerary basilica, see cemetery basilicas.
gallery, 19, 21, 67, 70–71, 73, 117, 166, nn. 39, 43, 45 p. 268
Gallus, Flavius Claudius Constantius, 194–195, 216–217
gates, see doors
genii, 165, 180, 181, n. 9 p. 281
Gera, Uno, n. 19 p. 267
Girard, René, 258–259
God, 15, 16–18, 32, 36, 37–38, 45, 75, 81, 82, 88, 93, 94, 103, 137, 144, 146, 82, 159, 208, 209, 228; availability of, 44, 83, 260; vulnerability of, 16, 148–149. 84, See also hand of God; Trinity.
godparents, 129
gold, 72, 74, 96, 104, 257; gold mosaics, 103–104, 181, n. 9 p. 271
goldglass, 104–105, 225
Gospels, 35–36, 43, 137, 244, n. 34 p. 270
grace, 14, 29, 78, 130, 142, 208, 261, n. 22 p. 292
Grail, the Holy, 60
grapes, 181, 184
graves, 211, 222; of Agnes and Emerentiana, 20, 76, 87, 161, 195–196, 213–214, 218, 227, 261; of Alexander, Eventius, and Theodulus, 206–207. See also catacombs, retro sanctos burials, sarcophagi.
Gregory I, the Great, Pope St., 110, 115–116, 122–123, 126, 198, 216, n. 29 p. 272, n. 2 pp. 276–277, n. 40 p. 287
grottoes, caves, 20–21. See also crypt; Lourdes grotto.
Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri), 162
Hadrian I, Pope, 161
hagiography, 212, 240–242, 254–255. See also passios.
hair, n. 26 p. 292; styling of, 79, 121, 225, n. 56 p. 289; of Agnes, 79, 212, 249, 251, n. 21 pp. 291–292. See also tonsure.
halo, haloes, 82, 101–103, 140, 145, n. 42 p. 273. See also circle, mandorla.
hand of God, 72, 94, 102, 227
hangings, 71, 72, 77. See also curtains.
Hannibalianus, 181, 194
head, 30, 65, 101
heart, 44, 66, 93, 145, 153. See also Sacred Heart.
heaven, 74, 86, 91–92
heavenly Jerusalem, 59, 86–87, 100, 106. See also eternity.
Helena, St., mother of Constantine, 199–200
Helena, sister of Constantina, 195
Heraclitus, 10
Heraclius, Emperor, 111, 112
heresy, 16, 24–25, 112
hermits, 194, 212, 215, 254, n. 35 p. 293
hero, heroes, 47–48, 52, 85, 138, 216’ 222, 236–237, 241, 242. See also hagiography; saints.
Herod I, the Great, King, 41
Herodotus, 99
Hindus, 229, 230
holy of holies, 34, 38, 39, 44, 81
Holy Spirit, 74, 86, 94, 100, 114, 127, 134–135, 138, 154, 188, n. 10 p. 274. See also dove; fire; God; Trinity; wind.
holy water, 27, 221, n. 1 p. 264
Holy Week, 136
Homer, 101
Honorius I, Pope, 76, 110, 113, 114–117, 119, 122–123, 201, 211, n. 3 p. 268, n. 14 p. 286
Honorius III, Pope, 156–157
hope, 63–64, 124, 227
hopscotch, 30
horizontality, 66–67
Hyacinth, St., 217, n. 43 p. 288
Iconoclasm, 68
icons, 102
idols, idolatry, 37–38, 44, 97, 142, 150–151, 237, 245, 250–251
Ignatius of Antioch, St., 138
immobility, 32, 91–92, 188, 246. See also stillness.
Incarnation, 111–112, 148–149
incense, 174, 221
inclusivity, 44, 62, 66, 86, 87, 128, 185–186, 241
infallibility, papal, 114–115
initiation, 27, 28, 64, 104–105, 128–130, 132. See also baptism; death.
Innocent I, Pope, 207
inscriptions, 14, 23–25, 51, 85, 123, 173, 192, 196, 208, 211–213, 224–225, n. 11 p. 281, n. 49 p. 283
Iphigenia, 253, n. 20 p. 291, n. 30 p. 292
Irenaeus, St., 138
Isaac, 134
Isaiah, 134, 146
Islam, 110–113
James, St., 65, n. 7 p. 285
Jerome, St., 50, 215, n. 2 pp. 276–277
Jerusalem, 19, 38–44, 57–58, 90, 101, 186, 190. See also heavenly Jerusalem.
Jesuit order, 171–172
Jesus Christ, 16–17, 19, 26, 29, 35–36, 41, 42–44, 45–46, 47, 58, 59, 79, 80–84, 84–85, 111–113, 118, 124, 127, 128, 133–135, 136, 146, 163, 166, 182, 186, 228, 241–242, 248–249, 251, 255, 259–260, 261, n. 40 p. 293; as temple, 41, 44, 59–60; as model, 89, 241; as the way, 59–60, 84; as the door, 84; as light of the world, 129, 133; as Messiah, 41, 43, 138–139, 259–260, n. 22 p. 265, n. 10 p. 274; as Lamb of God, 88, 102, 119, 259–261; as Good Shepherd, 118, 209, 260; Sacred Heart of, 145–149; distinctive halo of, 102; monogram of, 179, n. 17 pp. 281–282
Job, 259
John XXIII, Pope, 171, 175
John and Paul, Sts., 193
John the Baptist, St., 16, 52, 129, 161–162, 166, 259
John the Divine, St., 88, 106, n. 34 p. 270
John the Evangelist, St., 65, 84, 86, 161–162, 166, 262
John of the Cross, St., n. 15 p. 269
Joseph, St., 59, 163, 167, 170–171, n. 41 P. 279
journey, metaphorical or ritual, 29–30, 55–56, 56–64, 73, 80, 84, 95, 96, 103; 187–188, 222, 248. See also pilgrimage; procession; Stations of the Cross.
Judaism, 17, 32, 34, 57, 59, 61, 91–92, 150, 152, 229, n. 11 p. 272. See also Bible; Exodusl; Job; Old Testament; synagogue; temple at Jerusalem.
Julia, St., 172, 243
Julian of Norwich, 17–18, 93
Julian the Apostate, Emperor, 194, 195, 215, n. 46 p. 283
Julius II, Pope, 154, 165, 234
Justin Martyr, St., 138
keys, 166, n. 36 p. 279
kingdom of God, 44, 47, 59, 61, 249, n. 40 p. 293
kissing, 83, 150
knocking, 228–229
labyrinth, 30, 60–61, 227
lamb, lambs, 79, 118, 119–121, 128, 140, 175; as attribute of Agnes, 79, 140, 232, 250, 257; Jesus Christ as, 88, 102, 259–261; as followers of Christ, 118, 185–186, 260
lamp, lamps, 77–78, 135, 149, 227. See also menorah; sanctuary lamp.
Lavigerie, Charles-Martial, Cardinal, 207–208
Lawrence, St., 68, 155–156, 209
Le Bourgeois, Louis-Emérentien, the Rev., 162
Lent, 134–135, 175, nn. 18, 19 pp. 274–275
Leo I, the Great, Pope, 111–112
Leo II, Pope, 114
Leo III, Pope, 25
Leo XI, Pope, 69, 79, 154
Leonard, St., 166
Lepri, Costanza, 140–141, 183–184
Lévinas, Emmanuel, 126
Liber pontificalis, 205, n. 25 p. 264
Liberius, Pope, 122, 164, 191, 198, 210–211, 213
light, enlightenment, 9, 14, 83, 86, 92, 117, 123, 124, 130, 133–134, 144,149, 177–178, 188, 190, 227, 257, 262; perpetual light, 96, 187. See also candles; lamps; menorah; paschal candle; sanctuary lamp; windows.
lilies, 85, 140, 170
litany, 173
liturgical colours, 157, n. 20 p. 278
liturgy, 18–19, 23, 29, 57–59, 133–135, 174–175, 176, 241
loculus, loculi, 50–51, 54, 90, 224
Lombards, 110, n. 29 p. 272
Lonergan, Bernard, n. 38 p. 276
Lourdes grotto, 140, 141–143, 149,177
love, 17–18, 26, 62, 82, 84, 124, 131, 145–149, 209, 241, 247, 249, 259, 261. See also fire; heart; Sacred Heart.
Lucretia, 238, 253
Lucy, St., 172, 232, 242–243, n. 74 p. 290
Lumen gentium, 86
Magi, 59, 186
Magnificat, 137, n. 26 p. 275
mandalas, 32
mandorla, 86, 102, n. 33 p. 270. See also halo.
Marcellinus and Peter, Sts., 200, n. 65 p. 284
Marguerite-Marie Alacoque, St., 146
Martin I, Pope, 113–114
Martin, St., 218, 219
Martina, St., 172, 243
martyr, martyrs, 52, 71, 78, 85, 88, 96, 138, 167, 210, 214–215, 242–245, 252–254, 261, n. 40 p. 273, n. 10 p. 277, n. 13 p. 291; Stephen the protomartyr, 155, 190. See also individual martyrs.
martyrdom, 212–213, 214, 215, 255, 260
martyrium, martyria, 52, 53, 189–190, 217–218
Mary, Blessed Virgin, 59, 86, 112, 128, 135–144, 163, 165, 170, 231; as model, 135; as immaculate, 140, 142, n. 35 p. 276; as Madonna of Pompeii, 143–144, n. 39 p. 276; as Mystical Rose, 144; as symbol of the Church, church, 135, 137–138,144; heart of, 145
Mass, 59, 79–80, 80–84, 87, 126, 129, 163, 171, 175, 198, 206, 217, 229
matraca, 228–229
matroneum, 19, n. 13 pp. 263–264, n. 39 p. 268
mausoleum, mausolea, 177–179, 188–190, 198, 199, 200
Maxentius, 52, n. 64 p. 284
Maximus the Confessor, St., 114
meaning, 13–14, 15, 18, 88, 143, 223, n. 11 p. 263
medals, 139–140, 145
memory, 8–9, 11, 12, 23–26, 85, 88–89, 149, 261–262
menorah, 37, 39, 41
mensa, 76
Michelangelo, 75, 154, 202–203
Middleton, Conyers, the Rev., 79
milk brethren, 158–159, n. 21 p. 278
mitres, 152–153
monastery, 25, 122–123. See also canonry.
monks, nuns, 121, 122–123, 174, 230, 234, 255–256, n. 3 p. 277
Monophysitism, Monothelitism, 111–114
Montserrat, Catalunya, Spain, 231
mosaics, 72, 74, 85–87, 96–99,103–108, 123, 178, 180–183, 185–186, 233, n. 3 p. 268. See also cosmatesque work.
Moses, 37–38, 40, 152, 183, 186, n. 10 p. 265, n. 18 p. 286
Mother Earth, 20
mountain, 185
movement, expressed by space, 32, 63–64, 71, 80, 91; symbolized by ship, 61–63. See also journey.
myrrh, 99, n. 9 p. 271
mystical experience, see epiphany.
narrative, 31–32, 211–213, 220–224, 240–242, 244–245, 246–249, 262
narthex, 27–29, 64, 70, 172, 173, 206–207
nave, 14, 39, 55, 56, 63, 64, 67–68, 70–71, 73, 89, n. 35 p. 267
new age, 93, 189
New Testament, 36, 42–44, 62, 136, 260. See also Gospels.
Nicolas I, Pope, 183
Nike (Victory), 103, 202
nimbus, see halo; mandorla.
Noah and the ark, 62, 134, 135, n. 10 p. 274
nonviolence, 84, 145, 149, 259–262
nuns, see monks, nuns.
ocean, see sea.
octagon, see circle, eight.
Odo of Cluny, Abbot, 174
Oedipus, 58, 238, 259, n. 45 p. 288, n. 8 p. 291
Office, the Divine, 234, n. 73 p. 290
oil, see olive oil.
Old Testament, 37–38, 40, 57, 62, 134, 137, 183, 208, 209, 256, 259, n. 4 p. 271
olive oil, 78, 129, 135, 216, n. 10 p. 274; olive branches, 18–19. See also anointing.
omega, see alpha and omega
opposites, see paradoxes
orantes, “orant,” 104, 208–210, 251, n. 24 p. 292
orb, 93. See also cosmos, sphere.
organ, organist, 71, 72, 231, n. 44 p. 268
orientation, 15, 63. See also direction.
orthodoxy, 16
Our Father, 91, 136, n. 12 p. 274
paintings, 140, 144, 145, 164–165, 169, n. 45 p. 268, n. 10 p. 291
Palazzo Capranica, Rome, n. 39 p. 270
Palazzo Quirinale, Rome, 202, 203, nn. 1, 2 p. 285
Palazzo Spada, Rome, 22
Palazzo Verospi, Rome, 22
pallium, 118–121
palm, palms, 79, 85, 100; palm tree, 100–101, 104, 185, 186, n. 15 p. 272
Palm Sunday, 18–19, 101
Pantheon, Rome, 75, n. 6 p. 268, n. 26 p. 282
Paradise, 29, 40, 185. See also Eden; narthex.
paradise regained, 30, 61, 185. See also
destiny; heaven.
paradoxes, opposites, 9–11, 12, 15–17, 21, 46, 47–48, 59, 61, 63, 73, 75, 82, 83, 92, 94, 111, 132, 134, 146, 188, 209, 223–224, 248–249, 255, n. 30 p. 282
parapets, 21, 71
Parmenides, 90–91, 93
Pascal, Blaise, 10
Paschal I, Pope, 161, 244
Paschal II, Pope, 234
paschal candle, 29, 133–135
passageway, see staircase down.
Passèri, Don Alberto, 140
passio, passios, 96–97, 171–172; of Agnes, 96–97, 158–159, 161, 192–193, 195, 196, 212, 213, 232, 249, 250–251, 256; of Agatha, 235; of Alexander, Eventius, and Theodulus, 205–206; of Gallicanus, John, and Paul, 193–194, n. 44 p. 283; of Marcellinus and Peter, n. 21 p. 286
Paul II, Pope, 180
Paul V, Pope, 77, 154, 161, 227
Paul VI, Pope, 86, n. 36 p. 279
Paul, St., 22, 25, 29, 62, 65, 78, 100, 116, 127, 155, 186, 188, 189, 216, 225, 229, n. 40 p. 273, n. 56 p. 289
peacocks, 117, 123, 180, n. 44 p. 273
Pelagius II, Pope, 156, n. 39 p. 268
Pentecost, 100
Perpetua and Felicity, Sts., n. 29 p. 275
persecutions of Christians, 50, 52, 155, 156, 206, 212, 219, 237, 245, n. 38 p. 293
Peter, St., 22, 53, 65, 83, 114, 118, 119, 136, 160–161, 165, 166, 186, 216, 225, 244, 260, n. 40 p. 287, n. 56 p. 289
pews, 57
Philocalus, Furius Dionysius, 211
Phoenicians, 100
phoenix, 99–100
pilgrimage, pilgrims, 19, 58, 60–61, 63–64, 86, 95, 116, 142, 159–160, 169, 173–175, 204, 206, 207, 210, 212, 213, 214–215, 218, 220, 222, n. 29 p. 267, n. 7 p. 285, n. 45 p. 288
pillars, 65, 67, 92, 104, 198. See also columns.
Pionios, St., 253
Pius IV, Pope, 203
Pius VI, Pope, 180
Pius IX, Pope, 142, 164–167, 202, n. 3 p. 268
Pius XII, Pope, 164
Plato, 63
podium, 57, 174
pollution, 33–34, 48, 51, 214–215, 238, 247, 258–259
Polycarp, St., 214, 223
pomegranates, 78
Ponte Nomentano, 204, nn. 6, 8 p. 285
pope (bishop of Rome), popes, 52, 53, 86, 118–120, 121–123, 164, 166, 175, nn. 11, 12 p. 266
porphyry, 57, 72, 76, 77, 114–115, 179–180, 233
Porta Collina, Rome, 239, n. 3 p. 290
Porta Nomentana, Rome, 19, 203, 205, 237, nn. 3, 8 p. 285, n. 3 p. 290
Porta Pia, Rome, 54, 202–203, 204–205
prayer, prayers, 14, 149–150; physical attitudes in, 104, 208–209. See also apophatic; litany; liturgy; Magnificat; Office; the Divine; orantes, Our Father, Te Deum.
priest, priests, 39, 41, 72, 79–80, 82, 129–130, 131–132, 137, 143, 152, 171, 174, 220, 221, n. 18 p. 278
Probus, Emperor, 237. See also walls, Aurelian.
procession, processions, 19, 55–56, 59, 60–61, 141, 149, 173, 176, 190, 257
profane, 27, 34
Prometheus, 28
Prudentius, 73–74, 139, 156, 165, 236–237, 239, 249, 250, 252
psalms, 130, 232, 256, n. 40 p. 293
pulpit, see podium,
pulvin, 68
pyx, n. 5 p. 268
rape, 235, 237–238, 239–240, 243, 244, 245, 249–257, n. 31 p. 292, n. 38 p. 293
rebirth, 21, 23, 30, 78, 189. See also baptism; resurrection.
reconciliation, see confession.
red, 71, 72, 78, 179
re-enactment, 18–19, 58–59
refrigerium, 24, 48–49, 88, 160, 198
relics, 52, 76, 87, 88, 116, 156, 205, 207, 213, 214–224, 240, n. 15 p. 286, n. 40 p. 287
reliquaries, 223, n. 40 p. 287, n. 46 p. 288
reredos, altar of the Saviour, 157–158
response, 11, 13, 14–15, 78, 84, 135, 146–149, 228, 241–242
resurrection, 132, 189, 190, 209–210, 227
Resurrection of Christ, 86, 92–93, 100, 133, 144. See also Easter.
retro sanctos burials, 24, 213, 219, n. 35 p. 286
riddles, 20–21, 38, 44, 127–128, 225–226
ringing, 229
rings, 97, 119
ritual, 12, 19, 27, 57–59, 79, 80–84, 104–105, 129–130, 163. See also dedication of a church; liturgy; Mass.
rivers of Paradise, 129, 185
Rome (in general), 41–42, 48–49, 55, 66–67, 70, 75, 163, 216–217, 233, 237
roof, 71–72, 117. See also ceiling.
rosary, 141, 221, n. 33 p. 276
roses: crown of, 79, 119, 145; rose window, 144; Mystical Rose, 144
round temples, 55, 239; round churches, 177–178. See also church of S. Costanza.
Rufina and Secunda, Sts., 172, 243
Ruini, Cardinal Camillo, 77
Sabina, St., 253
Sabinianus, Pope, 229
Sacred Heart, 145–149
sacrifice, 34, 37, 39, 81, 183, 258–259, n. 20 p. 269
sacristy, 224
saint, saints, 84–85, 87–89, 102, 150, 166, 169, 171–173, 210, 240–242; patron saints, 87–89, 158, 162, 166, 168, 169, 171, 234, 236, 240, 242–244; saintly types, myths, 89, 242–245, 252, 260–261. See also communion of saints; heroes; martyrs; individual saints by name.
Sancta Sanctorum, Rome, 161, n. 27 p. 278
sanctuary, 33–34
sanctuary lamp, 78, 183, 221
Sant’Egidio, Community of, 174–175, n. 50 p. 180
sarcophagi, 165, 178–180, 184, 187, 195, 200, 210
scapegoat, 81, 256, 258–259
sceptre, 93
sculpture, 22, 80, 120–121, 143, 144, 150–151, 154, 208, 210–211, n. 16 p. 286
sea, 39, 61–62, 183, 184
seed, seeds, 21, 78, 228, 261
Sejanus, daughter of, 253
semantron, 228
Serena the Abbess, 25, 196
Sergius, patriarch of Constantinople, 112–113
serpent, 139, 140, n. 29 p. 275
Sfondrati, Cardinal Paolo Emilio, 72, 161, n. 45 p. 268
shame, 131, 135–136, 237–238, 240, 252, 254, 256–257, 260
sheep, 185–186. See also lambs.
shell, scallop, 158, 204, n. 7 p. 285
ship, 61–63, 135
Silvester, Pope, 122
Sixtus II, Pope St., 156
Sixtus III, Pope, 189
Sixtus IV, Pope, 180
Sixtus V, Pope, 22
Solomon, King, 38–39
soul, souls, 93, 96, 129, 139,145, 187–188, 209–210, 223, n. 9 p. 281, n. 21 p. 286. See also doves.
spear, 145, 149
specchi, 233–234
sphere, 18, 90–94, n. 6 p. 268, n. 26 p. 282. See also cosmos, orb.
square, 86, 91–92, 94, 144
staircase down, 8, 19–20, 21–25, 27, 64, 85, 129, 207–208, nn. 14, 18, p. 264; spiral staircase, 71, 152, 174, n. 1 p. 276; at S. Alessandro’s, 206–207
star, stars, 59, 103, 104, 139, 140, 180
station churches, 175
Stations of the Cross, 57–59, 84, n. 20 p. 267
Stephen, St., 154–155
stillness, 80, 188. See also immobility.
stoas, 55
stone, stones, 83; living stones, 129; attribute of St. Emerentiana, 85, 162; attribute of St. Stephen, 157–158. See also cornerstone.
stylobate, 65
Sumerians, 39
sun, 15, 63, 92, 99–100, 102, 139
Sunday, 92–93
Susanna, St., 172, 244
sword, swords, 85, 98, 145, 212–213; phallic, 253
symbolism, 221
Symmachus, Pope, 121–122, 200–201
synagogue, 37, 42
tabernacle, 74, 79–80, 82, 92, 227. See also tent.
Tacitus, 99, 253
Te Deum, 165, n. 35 p. 279
temple, 13, 32–33; Sumerian, 39; Greek, 33–34, 54, 64, 65, n. 33 p. 267; Roman, 23, 32–34, 54–55, 64, 239, n. 6 p. 268; Jerusalem, 34, 37–44, 56, 81–82; visionary, 40, 42, 61. See also round temples.
Ten Commandments, 37, 152, 186
tent, 37–38, 59, 82, 95, 135. See also tabernacle.
Teresa of Ávila, St., 170–171, 212, n. 35 P. 293
Tertullian, 78, 138, 253
theatre, 12–13, 57
Thérèse of Lisieux, St., 108–109, n. 27 p. 272
threshold, see doors.
tiara, papal, 166, n. 36 p. 279
time: opposite of space, 32; expressed as space, 8, 15, 29, 30–32, 64, 187–188
titulus, tituli, 53, 77, n. 29 p. 267, n. 12 p. 269, n. 45 p. 283
Toietti, Domenico, 164
tomb, see graves; sarcophagi.
tonsure, 121, 122
traditio legis, 186
transenne, 21, 71, 87, 166, 208
transept, 30, 68
Trappist order, 120
tree, trees, 64, 135; tree of life, see axis mundi.
Trinity, 72, 86, 94, 158, 243, n. 7 p. 265
tufa, 49, 51, 104, 224, 225–226, 234;
tufelli, n. 14 p. 264
twelve, 127, 188
two, 182, 188, n. 30 p. 282
types, biblical, 38, 64
Unknown Soldier, 221
Valéry, Paul, 66
Vatican, 53, 202; Vatican Museums, 22, 78, 178, 180, 200, n. 45 p. 268
Vatican Council I, 110, 114–115
Vatican Council II, 79, 86, 115, 171
vaults, 54, 55, 91, 166, n. 45 p. 268
Veralli, Cardinal Fabrizio, 23
Veronica, St., 58
verticality, 65, 93–95, 227
Vespignani, Virginio, 204
vestal virgins, 97, 238–239, 240, 250–251, n. 3 p. 290
vestments, 72, 117–118, 152, 252–253. See also chasubles; dalmatics; mitres; pallium.
Via Aurelia Antica, Rome, 115–116
Via Nomentana, Rome, 9, 19, 72, 120, 158–159, 160, 166–167, 199, 203–204, 207, 213, 226, 236, 239, nn. 3, 5 p. 285
Via Salaria, Rome, 104, 204
Via XX Settembre, Rome, 203
Victoria, St., 172, 242
Vincent, St., 156
vine, vines, 135, 181, 184; vineyard, 135
Virgil, 20
virgin, virgins, 97, 100, 139, 166, 193; virginity, 100, 137, 140, 237–240, 245–249, 249–257, 260–261
Vitruvius, n. 27 p. 267
votive offerings, 143
walkway, 7, 19, n. 54 pp. 288–289
walls: of church, 127, 182; of city, 238; of Rome: Aurelian, 7, 19, 54, 202, 236, 237–238; “Servian,” 203, 239, n. 4 p. 285. See also boundaries.
water, 40, 62, 129–130, 135, 141, 143, 185, 189–191, n. 40 p. 273. See also baptism; holy water.
week, 92–93. See also Holy Week.
Weil, Simone, 126
wetnurse, see milk brethren
white, 129, 140, 141, 170, 190, 232, 251
wind, 94, 100
windows, 14, 21, 22, 67, 73, 117, 144, 178, 182, 187, 197, 243, n. 11 p. 269, n. 57 p. 284
wine, 180, 184. 187. See also cup.
wood, 55, 71, 228
wool, 118–121. See also lambs.
wreath, 103, 145. See also crown.
Yeats, W.B., 31