Teatime Favourites

The old favourites are sometimes the best, and here are some popular childhood cakes – and a few from even further back in time – for you to enjoy, plus, I confess, some other delicious cakes that didn’t seem to fit into any other category!

Caraway Seed Cake

Makes one 18 cm/7 in cake

225 g/8 oz/1 cup butter or margarine, softened

225 g/8 oz/1 cup caster (superfine) sugar

4 eggs, separated

225 g/8 oz/2 cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

25 g/1 oz/¼ cup caraway seeds

2.5 ml/½ tsp ground cinnamon

2.5 ml/½ tsp grated nutmeg

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until pale and fluffy. Beat the egg yolks and add them to the mixture, then fold in the flour, seeds and spices. Beat the egg whites until stiff, then fold them into the mixture. Spoon the mixture into a greased and lined 18 cm/ 7 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 1 hour until a skewer inserted in the centre comes out clean.

Almond Rice Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

225 g/8 oz/1 cup butter or margarine, softened

225 g/8 oz/1 cup caster (superfine) sugar

3 eggs, beaten

100 g/4 oz/1 cup plain (all-purpose) flour

75 g/3 oz/¾ cup self-raising (self-rising) flour

75 g/3 oz/¾ cup ground rice

2.5 ml/½ tsp almond essence (extract)

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in the eggs a little at a time. Fold in the flours and ground rice and stir in the almond essence. Spoon into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 150°C/300°F/gas mark 2 for 1¼ hours until springy to the touch. Cool in the tin for 10 minutes before turning out on to a wire rack to finish cooling.

Ale Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

225 g/8 oz/1 cup butter or margarine, softened

225 g/8 oz/1 cup soft brown sugar

2 eggs, lightly beaten

350 g/12 oz/3 cups wholemeal (wholewheat) flour

10 ml/2 tsp baking powder

5 ml/1 tsp ground mixed (apple-pie) spice

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup brown ale

175 g/6 oz/1 cup currants

175 g/6 oz/1 cup sultanas (golden raisins)

50 g/2 oz/1/3 cup raisins

100 g/4 oz/1 cup chopped mixed nuts

Grated rind of 1 large orange

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs, beating well after each addition. Mix together the flour, baking powder and spice and gradually fold into the creamed mixture alternating with the brown ale, then fold in the fruit, nuts and orange rind. Spoon into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 150°C/300°F/gas mark 2 for 2¼ hours until a skewer inserted in the centre comes out clean. Leave to cool in the tin for 30 minutes, then turn out on to a wire rack to finish cooling.

Ale and Date Cake

Makes one 23 cm/9 in cake

225 g/8 oz/1 cup butter or margarine, softened

450 g/1 lb/2 cups soft brown sugar

2 eggs, lightly beaten

450 g/1 lb/4 cups plain (all-purpose) flour

175 g/6 oz/1 cup stoned (pitted) dates, chopped

100 g/4 oz/1 cup chopped mixed nuts

10 ml/2 tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

5 ml/1 tsp ground cinnamon

5 ml/1 tsp ground mixed (apple-pie) spice

2.5 ml/½ tsp salt

500 ml/17 fl oz/2¼ cups beer or lager

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs, then fold in the dry ingredients alternately with the beer until you have a soft mixture. Spoon into a greased and lined 23 cm/9 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 1 hour until a skewer inserted in the centre comes out clean. Leave to cool in the tin for 10 minutes, then turn out on to a wire rack to finish cooling.

Battenburg Cake

Makes one 18 cm/7 in cake

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup butter or margarine, softened

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup caster (superfine) sugar

3 eggs, lightly beaten

225 g/8 oz/2 cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

A few drops of vanilla essence (extract)

A few drops of raspberry essence (extract) For the icing (frosting):

15 ml/1 tbsp raspberry jam (conserve), sieved (strained)

225 g/8 oz Almond Paste

A few glacé (candied) cherries

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar. Gradually beat in the eggs, then fold in the flour and vanilla essence. Divide the mixture in half and stir the raspberry essence into one half. Grease and line an 18 cm/7 in square cake tin (pan) and divide the tin in half by folding greaseproof (waxed) paper down the centre of the tin. Pour each mixture into one half of the tin and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for about 50 minutes until springy to the touch. Cool on a wire rack.

Trim the edges of the cake and cut each piece in half lengthways. Sandwich together a pink and a vanilla piece on the bottom and a vanilla and a pink on the top, using some of the jam to fix them together. Brush the outside of the cake with the remaining jam. Roll out the almond paste into a rectangle about 18 x 38 cm/7 x 15 in. Press round the outside of the cake and trim the edges. Decorate the top with glacé cherries.

Bread Pudding Cake

Makes one 23 cm/9 in cake

225 g/8 oz/8 thick slices bread

300 ml/½ pt/1¼ cups milk

350 g/12 oz/2 cups dried mixed fruit (fruit cake mix)

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup chopped mixed (candied) peel

1 apple, peeled, cored and grated

45 ml/3 tbsp soft brown sugar

30 ml/2 tbsp marmalade

45 ml/3 tbsp self-raising (self-rising) flour

2 eggs, lightly beaten

5 ml/1 tsp lemon juice

10 ml/2 tsp ground cinnamon

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine, melted

Soak the bread in the milk until very soft. Mix in all the remaining ingredients except the butter or margarine. Stir in half the butter or margarine, then spoon the mixture into a greased 23 cm/ 9 in square cake tin (pan) and pour the remaining butter or margarine over the top. Bake in a preheated oven at 150°C/ 300°F/gas mark 3 for 1½ hours, then increase the oven temperature to 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 and bake for a further 30 minutes. Leave to cool in the tin.

English Buttermilk Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

75 g/3 oz/1/3 cup butter or margarine

75 g/3 oz/1/3 cup lard (shortening)

450 g/l lb/4 cups plain (all-purpose) flour

100 g/4 oz/½ cup caster (superfine) sugar

175 g/6 oz/1 cup chopped mixed (candied) peel

100 g/4 oz/2/3 cup raisins

30 ml/2 tbsp marmalade

250 ml/8 fl oz/1 cup buttermilk or sour milk

5 ml/1 tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

Rub the butter or margarine and lard into the flour until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. Stir in the flour, sugar, mixed peel and raisins. Warm the marmalade slightly so that it blends easily into the milk, then blend in the bicarbonate of soda and mix into the cake mixture to form a soft dough. Spoon into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 160°C/325°F/gas mark 3 for 1 hour. Reduce the oven temperature to 150°C/ 300°F/gas mark 2 and bake for a further 45 minutes until golden brown and springy to the touch. Leave to cool in the tin for 10 minutes before turning out on to a wire rack to finish cooling.

Caramel Cake

Makes one 23 cm/9 in cake

400 g/14 oz/1 large can condensed milk

225 g/8 oz/1 cup granulated sugar

250 ml/8 fl oz/1 cup boiling water

5 ml/1 tsp vanilla essence (extract)

225 g/8 oz/1 cup butter or margarine, softened

225 g/8 oz/1 cup caster (superfine) sugar

5 eggs, separated

450 g/1 lb/4 cups plain (all-purpose) flour

15 ml/1 tbsp baking powder

A pinch of salt

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup double (heavy) cream

100 g/4 oz/1 cup chocolate, grated or cut into curls

Place the unopened can of condensed milk in a pan and cover with water, then bring to the boil, cover and simmer for 3 hours, topping up with boiling water as necessary. The milk will turn into a caramel. Leave to cool before opening.

Melt the granulated sugar in a heavy-based pan over a low heat until melted and light golden. Remove from the heat and stir in the water, being careful as it may spit. Stir until blended, then leave to cool. Add the vanilla essence.

Cream together the butter or margarine and caster sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the egg yolks, then fold in the flour, baking powder and salt alternately with the sugar and water mixture. Whisk the egg whites until stiff, then fold them into the mixture using a me tal spoon. Spoon into two greased and lined 23 cm/9 in cake tins (pans) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 30 minutes until golden brown and springy to the touch. Leave to cool, then cut horizontally into three layers.

Remove the caramel from the can and beat until slightly soft. Sandwich the cakes together with the caramel. Whip the cream until stiff, then pile on to the top of the cake and sprinkle with grated chocolate or chocolate curls. To make the curls, scrape a sharp knife down the edge of a block of chocolate so that the mixture comes away in curls.

Golden Cinnamon and Nutmeg Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine, softened

100 g/4 oz/½ cup soft brown sugar

2 eggs

100 g/4 oz/1 cup plain (all-purpose) flour

50 g/2 oz/½ cup ground rice

5 ml/1 tsp baking powder For the topping:

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup soft brown sugar

5 ml/1 tsp ground cinnamon

2.5 ml/½ tsp grated nutmeg

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in the eggs, beating well between each addition. Fold in the flour, ground rice and baking powder and spoon into a greased 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan). Mix together the topping ingredients and sprinkle over the cake. Bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/ gas mark 4 for 40 minutes until a skewer inserted in the centre comes out clean. Leave to cool in the tin before turning out.

Coffee Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine, softened

100 g/4 oz/½ cup caster (superfine) sugar

2 eggs, lightly beaten

2.5 ml/½ tsp coffee essence (extract) or strong black coffee

150 g/5 oz/1¼ cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

2.5 ml/½ tsp baking powder

Coffee Butter Icing

30 ml/2 tbsp chopped mixed nuts (optional)

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs and coffee essence, then fold in the flour and baking powder. Spoon into two greased and lined 20 cm/8 in sandwich tins (pans) and bake in a preheated oven at 160°C/325°F/gas mark 3 for 20 minutes until springy to the touch. Leave to cool in the tins for 4 minutes, then turn out on to a wire rack to finish cooling. Sandwich the cakes together with half the butter icing, then spread the remainder on top and mark into patterns with a fork. Sprinkle with nuts, if liked.

Coffee Streusel Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup butter or margarine, softened

100 g/4 oz/½ cup caster (superfine) sugar

1 egg, lightly beaten

10 ml/2 tsp coffee essence (extract)

100 g/4 oz/1 cup self-raising (self-rising) flour

A pinch of salt

75 g/3 oz/½ cup sultanas (golden raisins)

60 ml/4 tbsp milk For the topping:

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup butter or margarine

30 ml/2 tbsp plain (all-purpose) flour

75 g/3 oz/1/3 cup soft brown sugar

10 ml/2 tsp ground cinnamon

50 g/2 oz/½ cup chopped mixed nuts

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the egg and coffee essence, then fold in the flour and salt. Stir in the sultanas and enough milk to make a soft dropping consistency.

To make the topping, rub the butter or margarine into the flour, sugar and cinnamon until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. Stir in the nuts. Sprinkle half the topping over the base of a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan). Spoon in the cake mixture and sprinkle with the remaining topping. Bake in a preheated oven at 220°C/425°F/gas mark 7 for 15 minutes until well risen and springy to the touch.

Farmhouse Dripping Cake

Makes one 18 cm/7 in cake

225 g/8 oz/11/3 cups dried mixed fruit (fruit cake mix)

75 g/3 oz/1/3 cup beef dripping (shortening)

150 g/5 oz/2/3 cup soft brown sugar

250 ml/8 fl oz/1 cup water

225 g/8 oz/2 cups wholemeal (wholewheat) flour

5 ml/1 tsp baking powder

2.5 ml/½ tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

5 ml/1 tsp ground cinnamon

A pinch of grated nutmeg

A pinch of ground cloves

Bring the fruit, dripping, sugar and water to the boil in a heavy-based pan and simmer for 10 minutes. Leave to cool. Mix the remaining ingredients in a bowl, then pour in the melted mixture and blend together gently. Spoon into a greased and lined 18 cm/7 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 1½ hours until well risen and shrinking away from the sides of the tin.

American Gingerbread with Lemon Sauce

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

225 g/8 oz/1 cup caster (superfine) sugar

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup butter or margarine, melted

30 ml/2 tbsp black treacle (molasses)

2 egg whites, lightly beaten

225 g/8 oz/2 cups plain (all-purpose) flour

5 ml/1 tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

5 ml/1 tsp ground cinnamon

2.5 ml/½ tsp ground cloves

1.5 ml/¼ tsp ground ginger

A pinch of salt

250 ml/8 fl oz/1 cup buttermilk

For the sauce:

100 g/4 oz/½ cup caster (superfine) sugar

30 ml/2 tbsp cornflour (cornstarch)

A pinch of salt

A pinch of grated nutmeg

250 ml/8 fl oz/1 cup boiling water

15 g/½ oz/1 tbsp butter or margarine

30 ml/2 tbsp lemon juice

2.5 ml/½ tsp finely grated lemon rind

Mix together the sugar, butter or margarine and treacle. Stir in the egg whites. Mix together the flour, bicarbonate of soda, spices and salt. Stir the flour mixture and the buttermilk alternately into the butter and sugar mixture until well blended. Spoon into a greased and floured 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 200°C/400°F/gas mark 6 for 35 minutes until a skewer inserted in the centre comes out clean. Leave to cool in the tin for 5 minutes before turning out on to a wire rack to finish cooling. The cake can be served cold or warm.

To make the sauce, mix the sugar, cornflour, salt, nutmeg and water in a small pan over a low heat and stir until well blended. Simmer, stirring, until the mixture is thick and clear. Stir in the butter or margarine and lemon juice and rind and cook until blended. Pour over the gingerbread to serve.

Coffee Gingerbread

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

200 g/7 oz/1¾ cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

10 ml/2 tsp ground ginger

10 ml/2 tsp instant coffee granules

100 ml/4 fl oz/½ cup hot water

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine

75 g/3 oz/¼ cup golden (light corn) syrup

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup soft brown sugar

2 eggs, beaten

Mix together the flour and ginger. Dissolve the coffee in the hot water. Melt together the margarine, syrup and sugar, then mix into the dry ingredients. Mix in the coffee and eggs. Pour into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 40–45 minutes until well risen and springy to the touch.

Ginger Cream Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup butter or margarine, softened

150 g/5 oz/2/3 cup soft brown sugar

3 eggs, lightly beaten

175 g/6 oz/1½ cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

15 ml/1 tbsp ground ginger For the filling:

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup double (heavy) cream

15 ml/1 tbsp icing (confectioners’) sugar, sifted

5 ml/1 tsp ground ginger

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually add the eggs, then the flour and ginger and mix together well. Spoon into two greased and lined 20 cm/ 8 in sandwich tins (pans) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 25 minutes until well risen and springy to the touch. Leave to cool.

Whip the cream with the sugar and ginger until stiff, then use to sandwich the cakes together.

Liverpool Ginger Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine

100 g/4 oz/½ cup demerara sugar

30 ml/2 tbsp golden (light corn) syrup

225 g/8 oz/2 cups plain (all-purpose) flour

2.5 ml/½ tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

10 ml/2 tsp ground ginger

2 eggs, beaten

225 g/8 oz/11/3 cups sultanas (golden raisins)

50 g/2 oz/½ cup crystallised (candied) ginger, chopped

Melt the butter or margarine with the sugar and syrup over a low heat. Remove from the heat and stir in the dry ingredients and egg and mix well. Stir in the sultanas and ginger. Spoon into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in square cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 150°C/300°F/gas mark 3 for 1½ hours until springy to the touch. The cake may sink a little in the centre. Leave to cool in the tin.

Oatmeal Gingerbread

Makes one 35 x 23 cm/14 x 9 in cake

225 g/8 oz/2 cups wholemeal (wholewheat) flour

75 g/3 oz/¾ cup rolled oats

5 ml/1 tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

5 ml/1 tsp cream of tartar

15 ml/1 tbsp ground ginger

225 g/8 oz/1 cup butter or margarine

225 g/8 oz/1 cup soft brown sugar

Mix together the flour, oats, bicarbonate of soda, cream of tartar and ginger in a bowl. Rub in the butter or margarine until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. Stir in the sugar. Press the mixture down firmly into a greased 35 x 23 cm/14 x 9 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 160°C/325°F/ gas mark 3 for 30 minutes until golden brown. Cut into squares while still warm and leave in the tin to cool completely.

Orange Gingerbread

Makes one 23 cm/9 in cake

450 g/1 lb/4 cups plain (all-purpose) flour

5 ml/1 tsp ground cinnamon

2.5 ml/½ tsp ground ginger

2.5 ml/½ tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

175 g/6 oz/2/3 cup butter or margarine

175 g/6 oz/2/3 cup caster (superfine) sugar

75 g/3 oz/½ cup glacé (candied) orange peel, chopped

Grated rind and juice of ½ large orange

175 g/6 oz/½ cup golden (light corn) syrup, warmed

2 eggs, lightly beaten

A little milk

Mix together the flour, spices and bicarbonate of soda, then rub in the butter or margarine until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. Stir in the sugar, orange peel and rind, then make a well in the centre. Mix in the orange juice and warmed syrup, then stir in the eggs until you have a soft, dropping consistency, adding a little milk if necessary. Beat well, then spoon into a greased 23 cm/9 in square cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 160°C/325°F/gas mark 3 for 1 hour until well risen and springy to the touch.

Sticky Gingerbread

Makes one 25 cm/10 in cake

275 g/10 oz/2½ cups plain (all-purpose) flour

10 ml/2 tsp ground cinnamon

5 ml/1 tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine

175 g/6 oz/½ cup golden (light corn) syrup

175 g/6 oz/½ cup black treacle (molasses)

100 g/4 oz/½ cup soft brown sugar

2 eggs, beaten

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup hot water

Mix together the flour, cinnamon and bicarbonate of soda. Melt the butter or margarine with the syrup, treacle and sugar and pour into the dry ingredients. Add the eggs and water and mix well. Pour into a greased and lined 25 cm/10 in square cake tin (pan). Bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 40–45 minutes until well risen and springy to the touch.

Wholemeal Gingerbread

Makes one 18 cm/7 in cake

100 g/4 oz/1 cup plain (all-purpose) flour

100 g/4 oz/1 cup wholemeal (wholewheat) flour

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup soft brown sugar

50 g/2 oz/1/3 cup sultanas (golden raisins)

10 ml/2 tsp ground ginger

5 ml/1 tsp ground cinnamon

5 ml/1 tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

A pinch of salt

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine

30 ml/2 tbsp golden (light corn) syrup

30 ml/2 tbsp black treacle (molasses)

1 egg, lightly beaten

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup milk

Mix together the dry ingredients. Melt the butter or margarine with the syrup and treacle and stir into the dry ingredients with the egg and milk. Spoon into a greased and lined 18 cm/7 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 160°C/325°F/gas mark 3 for 1 hour until just springy to the touch.

Honey and Almond Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

250 g/9 oz carrots, grated

65 g/2½ oz almonds, finely chopped

2 eggs

100 g/4 oz/1/3 cup clear honey

60 ml/4 tbsp oil

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup milk

100 g/4 oz/1 cup wholemeal (wholewheat) flour

25 g/1 oz/¼ cup plain (all-purpose) flour

10 ml/2 tsp ground cinnamon

2.5 ml/½ tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

A pinch of salt

Lemon Glacé Icing

A few flaked (slivered) almonds to decorate

Mix together the carrots and nuts. Beat the eggs in a separate bowl, then mix in the honey, oil and milk. Stir into the carrots and nuts, then fold in the dry ingredients. Spoon into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 150°C/300°F/gas mark 2 for 1–1¼ hours until well risen and springy to the touch. Leave to cool in the tin before turning out. Drizzle with the lemon glacé icing, then decorate with flaked almonds.

Lemon-iced Cake

Makes one 18 cm/7 in cake

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine, softened

100 g/4 oz/½ cup caster (superfine) sugar

2 eggs

100 g/4 oz/1 cup plain (all-purpose) flour

50 g/2 oz/½ cup ground rice

2.5 ml/½ tsp baking powder

Grated rind and juice of 1 lemon

100 g/4 oz/2/3 cup icing (confectioners’) sugar, sifted

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Mix in the eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Combine the flour, ground rice, baking powder and lemon rind, then fold into the mixture. Spoon into a greased and lined 18 cm/7 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 1 hour until springy to the touch. Remove from the tin and leave to cool.

Mix together the icing sugar with a little of the lemon juice until smooth. Spoon over the cake and leave to set.

Iced Tea Ring

Serves 4–6

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup warm milk

2.5 ml/½ tsp dried yeast

25 g/1 oz/2 tbsp caster (superfine) sugar

25 g/1 oz/2 tbsp butter or margarine

225 g/8 oz/2 cups strong plain (bread) flour

1 egg, beaten For the filling:

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup butter or margarine, softened

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup ground almonds

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup soft brown sugar

For the topping:

100 g/4 oz/2/3 cup icing (confectioners’) sugar, sifted

15 ml/1 tbsp warm water

30 ml/2 tbsp flaked (slivered) almonds

Pour the milk on to the yeast and sugar and mix together. Leave in a warm place until frothy. Rub the butter or margarine into the flour. Stir in the yeast mixture and the egg and beat well. Cover the bowl with oiled clingfilm (plastic wrap) and leave in a warm place for 1 hour. Knead again, then shape into a rectangle about 30 x 23 cm/12 x 9 in. Spread the butter or margarine for the filling over the dough and sprinkle with ground almonds and sugar. Roll up into a long sausage and shape into a ring, sealing the edges with a little water. Snip two-thirds of the way through the roll at about 3 cm/1½ in intervals and place on a greased baking (cookie) sheet. Leave in a warm place for 20 minutes. Bake in a preheated oven at 200°C/425°F/gas 7 for 15 minutes. Reduce the oven temperature to 180°C/350°F/gas 4 for a further 15 minutes.

Meanwhile, blend together the icing sugar and water to make a glacé icing. When cool, spread over the cake and decorate with flaked almonds.

Lardy Cake

Makes one 23 x 18 cm/9 x 7 in cake

15 g/½ oz fresh yeast or 20 ml/4 tsp dried yeast

5 ml/1 tsp caster (superfine) sugar

300 ml/½ pt/1¼ cups warm water

150 g/5 oz/2/3 cup lard (shortening)

450 g/1 lb/4 cups strong (bread) flour

A pinch of salt

100 g/4 oz/2/3 cup sultanas (golden raisins)

100 g/4 oz/2/3 cup clear honey

Mix the yeast with the sugar and a little of the warm water and leave in a warm place for 20 minutes until frothy.

Rub 25 g/1 oz/2 tbsp of the lard into the flour and salt and make a well in the centre. Pour in the yeast mixture and the remaining warm water and mix to a stiffish dough. Knead until smooth and springy. Place in an oiled bowl, cover with oiled clingfilm (plastic wrap) and leave in a warm place for about 1 hour until doubled in size.

Dice the remaining lard. Knead the dough again, then roll out to a rectangle about 35 x 23 cm/14 x 9 in. Cover the top two-thirds of the dough with one-third of the lard, one-third of the sultanas and one-quarter of the honey. Fold the plain third of the pastry up over the filling, then fold the top third down over that. Press the edges together to seal, then give the pastry one quarter turn so the fold is on your left. Roll out and repeat the process twice more to use up all the lard and sultanas. Place on a greased baking (cookie) sheet and mark a criss-cross pattern on the top with a knife. Cover and leave in a warm place for 40 minutes.

Bake in a preheated oven at 220°C/ 425°F/gas mark 7 for 40 minutes. Drizzle the top with the remaining honey, then leave to cool.

Caraway Seed Lardy Cake

Makes one 23 x 18 cm/9 x 7 in cake

450 g/1 lb Basic White Loaf dough

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup lard (shortening), cut into pieces

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup caster (superfine) sugar

15 ml/1 tbsp caraway seeds

Prepare the dough, then roll it out on a lightly floured surface to a rectangle about 35 x 23 cm/14 x 9 in. Dot the top two-thirds of the dough with half the lard and half the sugar, then fold up the plain third of the dough, and fold the top one-third down over that. Give the dough a quarter turn so the fold is on your left, then roll out again and sprinkle in the same way with the remaining lard and sugar and the caraway seeds. Fold again, then shape to fit a baking tin (pan) and score the top into diamond shapes. Cover with oiled clingfilm (plastic wrap) and leave in a warm place for about 30 minutes until doubled in size.

Bake in a preheated oven at 200°C/ 400°F/gas mark 6 for 1 hour. Leave to cool in the tin for 15 minutes so that the fat soaks into the dough, then turn out on to a wire rack to cool completely.

Marble Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup butter or margarine, softened

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup caster (superfine) sugar

3 eggs, lightly beaten

225 g/8 oz/2 cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

A few drops of almond essence (extract)

A few drops of green food colouring

A few drops of red food colouring

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs, then fold in the flour. Divide the mixture into three. Add the almond essence to one-third, the green food colouring to one-third, and the red food colouring to the remaining third. Drop large spoonfuls of the three mixtures alternately into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/ gas mark 4 for 45 minutes until well risen and springy to the touch.

Lincolnshire Layer Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup butter or margarine

350 g/12 oz/3 cups plain (all-purpose) flour

A pinch of salt

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup milk

15 ml/1 tbsp dried yeast For the filling:

225 g/8 oz/11/3 cups sultanas (golden raisins)

225 g/8 oz/1 cup soft brown sugar

25 g/1 oz/2 tbsp butter or margarine

2.5 ml/½ tsp ground allspice

1 egg, separated

Rub half the butter or margarine into the flour and salt until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. Warm the remaining butter or margarine with the milk until hand-hot, then mix a little to a paste with the yeast. Stir the yeast mixture and the remaining milk and butter into the flour mixture and knead to a soft dough. Place in an oiled bowl, cover and leave in a warm place for about 1 hour until doubled in size. Meanwhile, place all the filling ingredients except the egg white in a pan over a low heat and leave until melted.

Roll out a quarter of the dough to a 20 cm/8 in circle and spread with one-third of the filling. Repeat with the remaining quantities of dough and filling, topping with a circle of dough. Brush the edges with egg white and seal together. Bake in a preheated oven at 190°C/ 375°F/gas mark 5 for 20 minutes. Brush the top with egg white, then return to the oven for a further 30 minutes until golden.

Loaf Cake

Makes one 900 g/2 lb cake

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup butter or margarine, softened

275 g/10 oz/1¼ cups caster (superfine) sugar

Grated rind and juice of ½ lemon

120 ml/4 fl oz/½ cup milk

275 g/10 oz/2¼ cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

5 ml/1 tsp salt

5 ml/1 tsp baking powder

3 eggs

Icing (confectioners’) sugar, sifted, for dusting

Cream together the butter or margarine, sugar and lemon rind until light and fluffy. Stir in the lemon juice and milk, then blend in the flour, salt and baking powder and mix until smooth. Gradually add the eggs, beating well after each addition. Spoon the mixture into a greased and lined 900 g/ 2 lb loaf tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 150°F/300°F/gas mark 2 for 1¼ hours until springy to the touch. Leave to cool in the tin for 10 minutes before turning out to finish cooling on to a wire rack. Serve sprinkled with icing sugar.

Marmalade Cake

Makes one 18 cm/7 in cake

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup butter or margarine, softened

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup caster (superfine) sugar

3 eggs, separated

300 g/10 oz/2½ cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

45 ml/3 tbsp thick marmalade

50 g/2 oz/1/3 cup chopped mixed (candied) peel

Grated rind of 1 orange

45 ml/3 tbsp water

For the icing (frosting):

100 g/4 oz/2/3 cup icing (confectioners’) sugar, sifted

Juice of 1 orange

A few slices of crystallised (candied) orange

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the egg yolks, then 15 ml/1 tbsp of the flour. Fold in the marmalade, mixed peel, orange rind and water, then fold in the remaining flour. Whisk the egg whites until stiff, then fold them into the mixture using a metal spoon. Spoon into a greased and lined 18 cm/7 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 1¼ hours until well risen and springy to the touch. Leave to cool in the tin for 5 minutes, then turn out on to a wire rack to finish cooling.

To make the icing, place the icing sugar in a bowl and make a well in the centre. Gradually work in enough orange juice to give a spreading consistency. Spoon over the cake and down the sides and leave to set. Decorate with crystallised orange slices.

Poppy Seed Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

250 ml/8 fl oz/1 cup milk

100 g/4 oz/1 cup poppy seeds

225 g/8 oz/1 cup butter or margarine, softened

225 g/8 oz/1 cup soft brown sugar

3 eggs, separated

100 g/4 oz/1 cup plain (all-purpose) flour

100 g/4 oz/1 cup wholemeal (wholewheat) flour

5 ml/1 tsp baking powder

Bring the milk to the boil in a small pan with the poppy seeds, then remove from the heat, cover and leave to soak for 30 minutes. Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until pale and fluffy. Gradually beat in the egg yolks, then fold in the flours and baking powder. Stir in the poppy seeds and milk. Whisk the egg whites until stiff, then fold them into the mixture using a metal spoon. Spoon into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 1 hour until a skewer inserted in the centre comes out clean. Leave to cool in the tin for 10 minutes before turning out to finish cooling on a wire rack.

Plain Yoghurt Cake

Makes one 23 cm/9 in cake

150 g/5 oz plain yoghurt

150 ml/¼ pt/2/3 cup oil

225 g/8 oz/1 cup caster (superfine) sugar

225 g/8 oz/2 cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

10 ml/2 tsp baking powder

2 eggs, beaten

Mix together all the ingredients until smooth, then spoon into a greased and lined 23 cm/9 in cake tin (pan). Bake in a preheated oven at 160°C/325°F/gas mark 3 for 1¼ hours until springy to the touch. Leave to cool in the tin.

Prunes and Custard Cake

Makes one 23 cm/9 in cake

For the filling:

150 g/5 oz/2/3 cup stoned (pitted) prunes, coarsely chopped

120 ml/4 fl oz/½ cup orange juice

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup caster (superfine) sugar

30 ml/2 tbsp cornflour (cornstarch)

175 ml/6 fl oz/¾ cup milk

2 egg yolks

Finely grated rind of 1 orange

For the cake:

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup butter or margarine, softened

225 g/8 oz/1 cup caster (superfine) sugar

3 eggs, lightly beaten

200 g/7 oz/1¾ cups plain (all-purpose) flour

10 ml/2 tsp baking powder

2.5 ml/½ tsp grated nutmeg

75 ml/5 tbsp orange juice

Make the filling first. Soak the prunes in the orange juice for at least two hours.

Mix the sugar and cornflour to a paste with a little of the milk. Bring the remaining milk to the boil in a pan. Pour over the sugar and cornflour and blend well, then return to the rinsed-out pan and beat in the egg yolks. Add the orange rind and stir over a very low heat until thickened, but do not allow the custard to boil. Stand the pan in a bowl of cold water and stir the custard occasionally as it cools.

To make the cake, cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs, then fold in the flour, baking powder and nutmeg alternately with the orange juice. Spoon half the batter into a greased 23 cm/9 in cake tin (pan), then spread the custard over the top, leaving a gap round the edge. Spoon the prunes and soaking juice over the custard, then cover with the remaining cake mixture, making sure the cake mixture seals in the filling at the sides and the filling is completely covered. Bake in a preheated oven at 200°C/400°F/gas mark 6 for 35 minutes until golden brown and shrinking away from the sides of the tin. Leave to cool in the tin before turning out.

Raspberry Ripple Cake with Chocolate Icing

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup butter or margarine, softened

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup caster (superfine) sugar

3 eggs, lightly beaten

225 g/8 oz/2 cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

100 g/4 oz raspberries For the icing (frosting) and decoration:

White Chocolate Butter Icing

100 g/4 oz/1 cup plain (semi-sweet) chocolate

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs, then fold in the flour. Purée the raspberries, then rub through a sieve (strainer) to remove the pips. Stir the purée into the cake mixture, just so it marbles through the mixture and is not mixed in. Spoon into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/ gas mark 4 for 45 minutes until well risen and springy to the touch. Transfer to a wire rack to cool.

Spread the butter icing over the cake and roughen the surface with a fork. Melt the chocolate in a heatproof bowl set over a pan of gently simmering water. Spread over a baking (cookie) sheet and leave until almost set. Scrape the flat of a sharp knife across the chocolate to make curls. Use to decorate the top of the cake.

Sand Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

75 g/3 oz/1/3 cup butter or margarine, softened

75 g/3 oz/1/3 cup caster (superfine) sugar

2 eggs, lightly beaten

100 g/4 oz/1 cup cornflour (cornstarch)

25 g/1 oz/¼ cup plain (all-purpose) flour

5 ml/1 tsp baking powder

50 g/2 oz/½ cup chopped mixed nuts

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs, then fold in the cornflour, flour and baking powder. Spoon the mixture into a greased 20 cm/ 8 in square cake tin (pan) and sprinkle with the chopped nuts. Bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 1 hour until springy to the touch.

Seed Cake

Makes one 18 cm/7 in cake

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine, softened

100 g/4 oz/½ cup caster (superfine) sugar

2 eggs, lightly beaten

225 g/8 oz/2 cups plain (all-purpose) flour

25 g/1 oz/¼ cup caraway seeds

5 ml/1 tsp baking powder

A pinch of salt

45 ml/3 tbsp milk

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs, then fold in the flour, caraway seeds, baking powder and salt. Stir in enough of the milk to make a dropping consistency. Spoon into a greased and lined 18 cm/7 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 200°C/400°F/gas mark 6 for 1 hour until springy to the touch and beginning to shrink away from the sides of the tin.

Spiced Ring Cake

Makes one 23 cm/9 in ring

1 apple, peeled, cored and grated

30 ml/2 tbsp lemon juice

25 g/8 oz/1 cup soft brown sugar

5 ml/1 tsp ground ginger

5 ml/1 tsp ground cinnamon

2.5 ml/½ tsp ground mixed (apple-pie) spice

225 g/8 oz/2/3 cup golden (light corn) syrup

250 ml/8 fl oz/1 cup oil

10 ml/2 tsp baking powder

400 g/14 oz/3½ cups plain (all-purpose) flour

10 ml/2 tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

250 ml/8 fl oz/1 cup hot strong tea

1 egg, beaten

Icing (confectioners’) sugar, sifted, for dusting

Mix together the apple and lemon juice. Stir in the sugar and spices, then the syrup and oil. Add the baking powder to the flour and the bicarbonate of soda to the hot tea. Stir these alternately into the mixture, then mix in the egg. Spoon into a greased and lined 23 cm/9 in deep ring cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 1 hour until springy to the touch. Leave to cool in the tin for 10 minutes, then turn out on to a wire rack to finish cooling. Serve dusted with icing sugar.

Spicy Layer Cake

Makes one 23 cm/9 in cake

100 g/4 oz/½ cup butter or margarine, softened

100 g/4 oz/½ cup granulated sugar

100 g/4 oz/½ cup soft brown sugar

2 eggs, beaten

175 g/6 oz/1½ cups plain (all-purpose) flour

5 ml/1 tsp baking powder

5 ml/1 tsp ground cinnamon

2.5 ml/½ tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

2.5 ml/½ tsp ground mixed (apple-pie) spice

A pinch of salt

200 ml/7 fl oz/scant 1 cup canned evaporated milk

Lemon Butter Icing

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugars until light and fluffy. Gradually beat in the eggs, then fold in the dry ingredients and the evaporated milk and blend to a smooth mixture. Spoon into two greased and lined 23 cm/9 in cake tins (pans) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4 for 30 minutes until springy to the touch. Leave to cool, then sandwich together with lemon butter icing.

Sugar and Cinnamon Cake

Makes one 23 cm/9 in cake

175 g/6 oz/1½ cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

10 ml/2 tsp baking powder

A pinch of salt

175 g/6 oz/¾ cup caster (superfine) sugar

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup butter or margarine, melted

1 egg, lightly beaten

120 ml/4 fl oz/½ cup milk

2.5 ml/½ tsp vanilla essence (extract)

For the topping:

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup butter or margarine, melted

50 g/2 oz/¼ cup soft brown sugar

2.5 ml/½ tsp ground cinnamon

Beat together all the cake ingredients until smooth and well blended. Spoon into a greased 23 cm/9 in cake tin (pan) and bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/ 350°F/gas mark 4 for 25 minutes until golden. Brush the warm cake with the butter. Mix together the sugar and cinnamon and sprinkle over the top. Return the cake to the oven for a further 5 minutes.

Victorian Tea Cake

Makes one 20 cm/8 in cake

225 g/8 oz/1 cup butter or margarine, softened

225 g/8 oz/1 cup caster (superfine) sugar

225 g/8 oz/2 cups self-raising (self-rising) flour

25 g/1 oz/¼ cup cornflour (cornstarch)

30 ml/2 tbsp caraway seeds

5 eggs, separated

Granulated sugar for sprinkling

Cream together the butter or margarine and sugar until pale and fluffy. Fold in the flour, cornflour and caraway seeds. Beat the egg yolks, then mix them into the mixture. Whisk the egg whites until stiff, then gently fold them into the mixture using a metal spoon. Spoon into a greased and lined 20 cm/8 in cake tin (pan) and sprinkle with sugar. Bake in a preheated oven at 180°C/350°F/ gas mark 4 for 1½ hours until golden brown and beginning to shrink away from the sides of the tin.