P A R T

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ICON OF SOVIET AND WORLD SCIENCE (1929–1936)

You are the undisputed Prince of World Physiology.

—scientist George Barger, 1935

Pavlov is entirely ours, and we will never surrender him to anybody.

—Communist leader Nikolai Bukharin, 1936

When a person gets excited, he becomes a bit of an artist.

—Ivan Pavlov, 1934

image

Pavlov with U.S. physiologist Walter Cannon (on our left) and Communist coworker and director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine Nikolai Nikitin, in front of Moscow’s Leningradskii train station, having arrived for the climactic day of the XVth International Physiological Congress. © St. Petersburg branch, Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences