Copyright © 1998 by Shelley Wachsmann

Manufactured in the United States of America

All rights reserved

Third printing, 2018

The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1984. Binding materials have been chosen for durability.

The publication of this book was made possible in part by the generous support of The Institute for Aegean Prehistory and The George O. Yamini Family Chair in Liberal Arts at Texas A&M University.

FRONTISPIECE: Bird-head post ornament, with legs of a man standing on it, all that remains of a Sea Peoples’ ship painted on Late Helladic IIIC 1b sherd found at Ashkelon (photo by V. Bryant; courtesy of L. E. Stager and the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wachsmann, Shelley.

Seagoing ships and seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant / Shelley Wachsmann.

p.      cm. (Ed Rachal Foundation Nautical Archaeology Series) Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Mediterranean Region—Antiquities.   2. Underwater archaelogy—Mediterranean Region.   3. Bronze age—Mediterranean Region.   4. Seafaring life—Mediterranean Region.   5. Ships, Ancient—Mediterranean Region.   I. Title.

DE61.S43W33     1997     96-49815

910'9163'80901—dc21      CIP

ISBN 13: 978-0-89096-709-6 (cloth)

ISBN 13: 978-1-60344-080-6 (pbk.)

ISBN 13: 978-1-62349-700-2 (ebook)